The Rhetorical Semantics of the Semi-Sentence and its Contextual Functions

Year 2017, Issue: 37, 147 - 165, 15.12.2017

Abdullah Maktabi

Abstract

The semi-sentence is one of the most important structural elements that add
rhetorical details to the sentence and its various surrounding contexts.

This research is dedicated to the study of different grammatical contexts
of the sentence and its rhetorical connotations. The study also concentrates on
the contributions of the semi-sentence to advancement, delay, deletion, and the
separation between the elements of the sentence sequence. The research is
grammatical in terms of the position of the semi-sentence in the clause. It
then addresses the rhetorical contributions of a semi-sentence based on the
studied examples without generalization, thereby noting that rhetoric is not a
rigid template that can be applied to other similar contextual situations.
However, it is a state of aesthetic creativity, and is constituted by several
synthetic elements intermingled in a specific text.

This study deals with the most important contextual locations that leave a
clear rhetorical effect for the semi-sentence, leaving a clear rhetorical
effect in the context in which it was presented. The research was based on
grammatical rules, which examined the grammatical cases that traditional
grammar books addressed. For generalization, since each context has its own rhetorical
implications that can not apply to other, the research has excluded the cases
that contribute to deletion, submission, delay, and separation. The research
paved the way for discussing the term “semi-sentence” in grammatical thought
and its functions in syntax.

The research followed a clear methodology, observing the origins of
historical and descriptive approaches in grammatical treatment, whether in the
theoretical premises or discussion of different sub-sentence contexts. In
rhetorical analysis, the research followed the method of aesthetic analysis
emanating from the use of semi-sentence in its syntactic context.

This research aims to not only draw attention to the issues of right and
wrong in the study of grammatical aspects but also reinforce the call for the
combined study of grammar and rhetoric to search for grammatical uses of
aesthetic dimensions. These aesthetic dimensions in turn improve the speakers’
language who have different aims and objectives, especially for those who aim
to become literary masters.

The research concluded with a number of results:

Old syntax, especially Seboyeh, is not used to refer to the term
“semi-sentence,” but rather to balance the sentence’s meaning and other parts
of speech. Ibn al-Sarraj was the first to use the term “semi-sentence” (which
means circumstance, neighbor, and traitor) in the concept put forth by latter
grammarians after the Arabic grammar was stabilized.  Grammarians understood the semi-sentence as
being more than that of the names of the women of Kufa; they equated them with
the term’s relevance that in turn means two types of circumstances—neighbor and
carpenter.

The term “quasi-sentence” means the need of a term(s) to fill in a
deficiency that would mean almost the whole thing when the deficiency is
removed. Some Terminians added the term “semi-derived” along with the
semi-sentence because it relates to a deleted, derived, or existing object.
Grammarians called the circumstance temporal and spatial, and the preposition
semi-wholesale because of the similarity in the sentence composition,
significance, and its work.

A sub-sentence performs its functions in terms of the context in which it
appears, thereby affecting the order of the words in the sentence, separating
the corresponding parts of the sentence, and causing the deletion of certain
components in the sentence. The functions of contextual semi-contextuality
contribute to the aesthetic connotations of rhetoric based on the context in
which they are combined with the other elements of the syntactic context. These
rhetorical indications cannot be generalized in other similar situations,
because each sentence has its own specificity that cannot be applied to the
others. Rules have been created and are ready to be circulated on the syntactic
system governing the Arabic sentence as rhetoric is an aesthetic use of
language that is governed by certain circumstances and differing from other
uses.

Keywords

Rhetoric, Semi-sentence, Deletion, Separation, Semiology

الدلالات البلاغية لوظائف شبه الجملة السياقية

Abstract

تُعد شبه الجملة من أهم العناصر التركيبية التي تساهم في إشعاعات بلاغية تنبثق عن الجملة وما يحيط بها من سياقات مختلفة، ويرمي البحث إلى دراسة السياقات النحوية المختلفة لشبه الجملة وما توحيه من دلالات بلاغية، وقد تركزت الدراسة على مساهمات شبه الجملة في جوانب التقديم والتأخير، والحذف، والفصل بين عناصر الجملة المتلازمة التتابع، وجاء البحث ذا طابعٍ نحوي متحدثًا عن تموضع شبه الجملة في الجملة، وبعد ذلك تناول مساهماتها البلاغية وفق الأمثلة المدروسة دون التعميم، مشيرًا إلى أنّ البلاغة ليست قوالب جامدة تنطبق على سائر الحالات السياقية المتشابهة، إنّما هي حالة من الإبداع الجمالي يتكون عبر عناصر تركيبية عدة متضافرة فيما بينها في نص محدد.

Keywords

بلاغة, شبه الاجملة, الحذف, الفصل, الدلالة

ed-Delâlâtu’l-Belâgıyye li Vezâifi Şibhi’l-Cümleti’s-siyâkıyye

Abstract

Şibh-i cümle, cümlede belagata ilişkin olguların belirlenmesinde işlev
sahibi olan önemli gramatik unsurlardan biri olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu
araştırma, şibh-i cümleye ilişkin farklı gramatik bağlamları ve bunların dilsel
ifade üzerindeki anlamsal etkilerini ortaya koymayı hedeflemektedir. Bu
bağlamda şibh-i cümlenin takdim-tehir, hazif, fasl-vasl gibi olgular üzerindeki
etkileri, çalışmanın temel konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Şibh-i cümlenin cümle
içindeki konumunu ele alaأn çalışma, gramatik bir karaktere sahiptir. Belagatın tüm bağlamlarda aynı
sonuçları doğuran camid kalıplardan ibaret olmayıp belirli bir dilsel metindeki
yapısal unsurların bir araya gelmesi ile ortaya çıkan bir dil zevki olduğunu
vurgulayan çalışma, şibh-i cümlenin söz konusu etkilerini sadece ele alınan
örnekler üzerinden ortaya koymaktadır.

Keywords

Belâgat, Şibh-i Cümle, Hazf, Fasl, Delâlet

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