İbn Sînâ’nın Mâhiyet-Vücûd Ayrımının Dekonstrüksiyonu ve Vâcibu’l-Vücûd’un Mâhiyeti

Year 2018, Volume: 29 Issue: 1, 25 - 48, 15.06.2018

Kayhan Özaykal

Abstract

İbn Sînâ’nın mâhiyet-vücûd ayrımını belirli epistemolojik düşüncelerle
uyumlu bir şekilde tesis etmesi, kendinde mâhiyete dair özgün bir fikir
geliştirmesini sağlamıştır. Bu fikir, bilginin geçerliliğine ve aslında
imkanına dayanacak olan mantık ve bilim arasında bir köprü sağlamak için küllî
ve cüz’î mâhiyetlerden ayrılır. Bununla birlikte bu aynı kavram, İbn Sînâ’nın
meşhur tanımlaması Vâcibu’l-Vücûd ile ilgili birtakım sorunlar doğurmaktadır.
Bunların yanı sıra, İbn Sînâ’nın Vâcibu’l-Vücûda bir mâhiyet verip vermeme
hususundaki merak uyandıran tereddüdü, buna mütekabil yorumcuları onun
metafiziğinin mâhiyetçi veya varoluşçu olarak anlaşılması konusunda ihtilafa
düşürmüştür. Bu makale, Vâcibu’l-Vücûd ile ilgili problemlerin tabiatı
itibariyle mevcut çerçevenin içinde kontrol edilemez olmasından dolayı
görüşlerden hiçbirinin doğru olmadığını iddia etmektedir. Aksine, İbn Sînâ’nın
kendinde mâhiyet kavramının tarafımızca yapılan dekonstrüktif eleştirisi ve
müteakip revizyonları, mantık ve bilim arasında köprü olmayı sürdürürken
Vâcibu’l-Vücûd konusuna bir çözüm getirecektir.

Keywords

Mahiyet, Varlık, Tanrı, Külli, Cüz'i, İbn Sina, Vacibu'l-Vücud

Deconstruction of Ibn Sīnā’s Essence-Existence Distinction and the Essence of the Necessary Existent

Abstract

Ibn Sīnā’s
establishment of the distinction between essence and existence in line with
certain epistemological considerations led him to advance the novel idea of an
essence-in-itself. This is distinguished from universal and particular essences in order
to provide a bridge between logic and science that will ground the validity and,
indeed, possibility of knowledge. However, this same concept poses a number of
problems regarding Ibn Sīnā’s famous
identification of the Necessary Existent. Among other things, Ibn Sīnā’s
intriguing hesitation on whether to grant the Necessary Existent an essence or not has
split commentators vis-à-vis essentialist and existentialist readings of his
metaphysics. This paper argues that neither position is correct as the problems
associated with the Necessary Existent are inherently intractable from within
the current framework. Rather, upon deconstructive criticism and consequent
revisions of Ibn
Sīnā’s concept of the essence-in-itself, a
resolution to the matter of the Necessary Existent is permitted while
maintaining the bridge between logic and science. 

Keywords

Essence, Existence, God, Universal, Particular, Ibn Sina, Necessary existent

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