Intellectual Property and Regional Growth in Türkiye: A Spatial Analysis of Education, Trade, and Population Dynamics

Abstract

This research investigates the determinants of regional economic growth in Türkiye between 2008 and 2023, focusing on GDP persistence, population density, trade openness, education, and intellectual property rights (IPRs), particularly patent, utility model, trademark, and industrial design registrations. Spatial panel data analysis with spatial autoregressive model (SAR), spatial durbin model (SDM), and spatial error model (SEM) is applied to 81 cities at the NUTS-III level, providing a comprehensive perspective on regional dynamics. The findings confirm statistically significant spatial autocorrelation, indicating that neighboring cities influence each other’s economic performance. GDP persistence and population density positively affect growth, while tertiary education negatively correlates with GDP. Trade openness is not statistically significant. Design and utility model registrations contribute positively to growth, whereas patents and trademarks show negative effects, highlighting the need for policy alignment with regional economic structures.

Keywords

• Intellectual Property Rights
• Regional Economic Growth
• Education and Human Capital
• Spatial Panel Data Analysis
• Trade Openness

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