A Decision Support System (Dss-M) for Municipal Budget and Investment Program Planning Processes in Türkiye

Year 2025, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 154 - 179, 14.02.2025

Hüseyin Burak Özgül , Nazan Susam

https://doi.org/10.26650/JEPR1590874

Abstract

Decision Support Systems (DSS) have been used in a wide range of sectors since their initial development in the 1970s. Recently, however, there has been a notable shift in their utilisation, with an increasing number of DSS being deployed in the planning of public resources. This development coincides with the advent of digital transformation in the public sector. Decision support systems facilitate more effective decision-making processes by processing data obtained with the assistance of information systems. In Turkiye, these systems were identified as a crucial instrument for local governments in the National Smart Cities Strategy and Action Plan, developed by the Ministry of Environment, Urbanisation and Climate Change in 2019. The objective is to extend their implementation. Considering these circumstances, it is imperative to devise a model for the implementation of the system across all municipalities in Turkiye. This model must consider the manner in which decision support systems are utilised, their advantages and limitations within municipalities, which are the local government units where the principle of subsidiarity. The study employed a qualitative research methodology. The study group was constituted using a nested multiple-case design and comprised 18 participants selected from various units of metropolitan and sub-provincial municipalities in Istanbul. Elite interviews were conducted with the participants, and the data obtained were analysed with the MAXQDA program. In this study, the role of decision support systems in budget planning processes was examined, the benefits and shortcomings of the use of decision support systems were identified, and a new decision support system for municipalities (DSS-M) in Turkiye was developed that can be used in the budget planning processes. In the last part of the study, public policy recommendations were included for the implementation of this model.

JEL Classification : H50 , H72 , D61

Keywords

Budget planning , planning of municipal budgets , decision support systems , decision support systems in budget planning , decision support systems in public sector

References

• AkçaY, S. & Koca, E. (2024). Nitel Araştırmalarda Veri DoYgunluğu. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 24(3), 829-848. google scholar
• AksaraYlı, M., Pala O., Cenger A., Özlü, Y & ErsoY, M. A. (2017). Turizm Sektöründe Araç Rotalama Problemi Ve Karar Destek Sistemi UYgulaması. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 4(4), 203-213. google scholar
• Aktaş, E., Ülengin, F. & Şahin, Ş. Ö. (2007). A Decision Support SYstem to Improve the EfficiencY of Resource Allocation in Healthcare Management. Soclo-Economlc Planning Sciences, 41, 130-146. google scholar
• AlaYbeYoğlu, A., Kılıç, U., İregöl, A. & Konbul, Y. (2016). Kentsel Dönüşümde Mahalleler Arası Öncelik Sıralaması: Örnek Bir Karar Destek Sistemi, Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(2), 377-402. https://doi.org/10.17482/uumfd.278133 google scholar
• Alvarez, A. (2014). Towards Intelligent E-ParticipatorY Budgeting, In Balula Bina & Ricci (Eds.), Urban Futures-Squaring Circles: Conference Proceedings. Lisbon:Institute of Social Sciences of the UniversitY of Lisbon and Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation. google scholar
• Arampatzis, G., Kiranoudis, C.T., Scaloubacas, P., & Assimacopoulos, D. (2004). A GIS-based decision support system for planning urban transportation policies. European Journal of Operational Research, 152, 465-475. google scholar
• Baitharu, T.R. & Pani, S.K. (2016). AnalYsis of Data Mining Techniques for Healthcare Decision Support SYstem Using Liver Disorder Dataset. Procedia Computer Science, 85, 862-870. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2016.05.276 google scholar
• Baltacı, A. (2018). Nitel Araştırmalarda Örnekleme Yöntemleri ve Örnek Hacmi Sorunsalı Üzerine Kavramsal Bir İnceleme. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(1), 231-274. google scholar
• BeedasY, J., & WhYatt, D. (1999). Diverting the tourists: a spatial decision-support sYstem for tourism planning on a developing island. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 1 (3-4), 163-174. google scholar
• Bencina, J. (2007). Web-based Decision Support SYstem for the Public Sector Comprising Linguistic Variables. Informatica, 31, 311-323. google scholar
• Beriro D., Nathanail J., Salazar J., . , Nathanail, P. (2022). A Decision Support SYstem to Assess The FeasibilitY of Onshore Renewable EnergY Infrastructure. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 168, 1-16. google scholar
• Bolat, E., Altundağ, Y., & Arıkan Yıldız, Y. (2024). Çiftçiler İçin Web Tabanlı Destek Sistemi. Yönetim Bilişim Sistemleri Dergisi, 10(l), 1-11. google scholar
• BrYant, A. & Charmaz, K. (2007). The SAGE Handbook of Grounded Theory, Trowbridge: Sage Publications. google scholar
• CDLR. (1993). Definition and Limits of the Principle of SubsidiaritY. Local and Regional Authorities in Europe, 55. google scholar
• Cebeci, H. İ., & Odabaş, D. (2019). KimYasal, bİYoloJik, radYolojik ve nükleer afetleri Yönetmek için bir karar destek sistemi modeli önerisi. Sakarya Üniversitesi İşletme Enstitüsü Dergisi, 1(1), 41-50. google scholar
• Chae, Y.M., Kim, H.S., Tark, K.C., Park, H.J., & Ho, S.H. (2003). AnalYsis of healthcare qualitY indicator using data mining and decision support sYstem. Expert Systems with Applications, 24, 167-172. google scholar
• Coşkun, G. (1986). Devlet Bütçesi: Türk Bütçe Sistemi, Ankara, Turhan Kitabevi. google scholar
• Creswell, J. W. (2016). Araştırma Deseni-Nitel, Nicel ve Karma Yöntem Yaklaşımları (Demir, S. B. Çev.), Ankara: Eğiten Kitap. google scholar
• Çolakoğlu, A. & Küçükpehlivan, G. (2014). Kullanıcı OdaKlı BisiKlet Yolu Güzergahı Belirlenmesi İçin Karar DesteK Modeli Önerisi, VIII. Mimarlıkta SaYısal Tasarım Ulusal SempozYumu, İzmir. google scholar
• D’Ariano, A. (2009). Innovative Decision Support SYstem for RailwaY Traffic Control. IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine, 1, 8-16. google scholar
• Davis, R. K. (1979). Strategic, Tactical, and Operational Planning and Budgeting: A StudY of Decision Support SYstem Evolution. MIS Quarterly, 3(4), 1-19. https://doi.org/l0.2307/249044 google scholar
• Doğanşah, Y. (2022). Yenidoğan Sarılığına Yönelik Fototerapi Tulumu ve Klinik Karar Destek Sistemi Tasarlanması. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, KonYa. google scholar
• Dulkadir, B. (2021). Bilişim Teknolojisi Tabanlı Karar Destek Sistemleri ile İplik Üretim Tesislerinde Üretimin Planlanması. Alanya Akademik Bakış, 5(1), 193-209. https://doi.org/10.29023/alanYaakademik.705424 google scholar
• Ertan, B. (2002). Yerel Yönetim Kavramı. Çağdaş Yerel Yönetimler, 11(1), 22-30. google scholar
• Fjeldstad, H. (2001). Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations in Developing Countries: A Review of Issues. Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI Working Paper),11. google scholar
• GerritY, T. P. (1970). The Design of Man-Machine Decision Systems. (Doctoral Dissertation) Massachusetts Institute of TechnologY, Cambridge. google scholar
• Giusti, E., & Marsili-Libelli, S. (2015). A FuzzY Decision Support SYstem for irrigation and water conservation in agriculture. Environmental Modelling & Software, 63, 73-86. google scholar
• GorrY, G.A., & Morton, M.S. (1989). A Framework for Management Information SYstems. Sloan Management Review, 30(3), 49-61. google scholar
• Govindan, K., Mina, H., & Alavi, B. (2020). A decision support sYstem for demand management in healthcare supplY chains considering the epidemic outbreaks: A case studY of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Transportation research. Part E, Logistics and Transportation Review, 138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2020.101967 google scholar
• Görmez, K. (1997). Yerel Demokrasi ve Türkiye, KonYa:Vadi YaYınları. google scholar
• Gözler Çamur, E. (2020). Sosyal Bilimlerde Bir Araştırma Yöntemi Olarak "Elit Görüşme": Teknikler ve Sahadan Notlar, Tunçsiper, B. (Ed.), III. Uluslararası SosYal Bilimlerde Kritik Tartışmalar Kongresi Tam Metin Kitabı içinde (67-77), İzmir. google scholar
• Haastrup, P., Maniezzo, V., Mattarelli, M., Mazzeo Rinaldi, F., Mendes, I. & Paruccini, M. (1998). A Decision Support SYstem for Urban Waste Management, European Journal of Operational Research, 109, 330-341. google scholar
• HidaYattuloh, M. H., Bambang, A. N. & Amirudin, A. (2019). Environmental-Based Budget Planning in The Tegal RegencY Government, E3S Web of Conferences, 125, 1-6. google scholar
• Hooghiemstra, J. S., Kroon, L. G., Odijk, M. A., Salomon, M. & Zwaneveld, P. J. (1999). Decision Support SYstems Support the Search for Win-Win Solutions in RailwaY Network Design. Interfaces, 29(2), 15-32. google scholar
• Jalham, I.S. & Abdelkader, W.T. (2006), Improvement of organizational efficiency and effectiveness by developing a manufacturing strategY decision support sYstem. Business Process Management Journal, 12(5), 588-607. https://doi.org/10.1108/1463715 google scholar
• Jung, D., Tran Tuan, V., Quoc Tran, D., Park, M. & Park, S. (2020).Conceptual Framework of an Intelligent Decision Support SYstem for Smart CitY Disaster Management, Applied Sciences, 10(2), 1-13. google scholar
• Kazak, J. K., Castro, D. G., Swiader, M. & Szewranski, S. (2019). Decision Support System in Public Transport Planning for Promoting Urban Adaptation to Climate Change, IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering, IOP Publishing. google scholar
• Keen, P. G. W. & Scott Morton, M.S. (1978). Decision Support Systems: An Organizational Perspective Reading:Addison-WesleY. google scholar
• Keramitsoglou, I., Kiranoudis, C. T., Sarimveis, H., & Sifakis, N. (2004). A multidisciplinarY decision support sYstem for forest fire crisis management. Environmental Management, 33(2), 212-225. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-0092-4 google scholar
• Kirmanoğlu, H. (2021). Kamu Ekonomisi Analizi, İstanbul:Beta YaYinevi. google scholar
• Kondaveti R. & Ganz, A. (2009). Declslon Support System for Resource Allocatlon ln Dlsaster Management, 31st Annual International Conference of the IEEE EMBS, Minnesota, 2-6. google scholar
• Kostoglou, V., Ploskas, N., Vassilakopoulos, M., & Tsantopoulou, V. E. (2014). AnalYsis and Design of A Web-Based Decision Support SYstem For Choosing Higher Education Studies. Yugoslav Journal of Operations Research, 24, 399-414. google scholar
• KoutsoYiannis, D., Karavokiros, G., Efstratiadis, A., Mamassis, N., Koukouvinos, A., & Christofides, A. (2003). A decision support sYstem for the management of the water resource sYstem of Athens. Physics and Chemistry of The Earth, 28, 599-609. google scholar
• Li, Q. (2024). Empowering Financial Management in Educational Institutions: A Multi-Objective Decision-Making SYstem using Intelligent FuzzY Logic Algorithm and Digital Marketing, Computer-Aided Design & Applications, 21(4), 198-210. google scholar
• Loucks, D. P. (1995). Developing and Implementing Decision Support SYstems: A Critique and A Challenge 1. JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 31(4), 571-582. google scholar
• Mansmann, S., & Scholl, M.H. (2007). Decision Support SYstem for Managing Educational CapacitY Utilization. IEEE Transactions on Education, 50, 143-150. google scholar
• Mathirajan, M., Devadas, R., & Ramanathan, R. (2020). Transport analYtics in action: A cloud-based decision support sYstem for efficient citY bus transportation. Journal of Information and Optimization Sciences, 42(2), 371-416. https://doi.org/10.1080/ google scholar
• McCosh, A. M. & Scott Morton, M. S. (1978). Management Decision Support Systems, London:The Macmillan Press Ltd. google scholar
• MinistrY of Environment, Urbanization and Climate Change. (2019). Smart Cities StrategY and Action Plan for 2020-2023, Ankara. google scholar
• MinistrY of Environment, Urbanization and Climate Change. (2024a). Geographic Data SupplY Unit,https://cbs.csb.gov.tr/birimler/ cografiveri-temini-sube-mudurlugu/2296, 23.11.2024. google scholar
• MinistrY of Environment, Urbanization and Climate Change. (2024b). Artificial Intelligence and Data AnalYtics Unit, https://cbs.csb.gov. tr/birimler/ YapaY-zek-ve-veri-analitigi-subemudurlugu/2307, 23.11.2024. google scholar
• Ministry of Treasury and Finance. (2023). "Local Government Statistics", https://www.hmb.gov.tr/muhasebat-genel-mudurlugu-istatistikleri, 01.10.2024. google scholar
• Musgrave, R. A. (1959). The Theory of Public Finance, Bombay, Tata: McGraw-Hill Book CompanY. google scholar
• Nadaroğlu, H. (1998). Mahallî idareler: Teorisi, Ekonomisi, Uygulaması, İstanbul:Beta YaYinevi. google scholar
• Naderi Rushnavand, A., Fathtabar Firouzjaei, K., Ezzati, M., & DinMohammadi, M. (2023). Decision Support SYstem for Financial Resource Allocation at the UniversitY: Requirements and Outcomes. Quarterly Journal of Research and Planning in Higher Education, 29(2), 27-50. doi: 10.61838/irphe.29.2.2 google scholar
• Naseer, M. A., Bimal, P. & Vinod Kumar, T. M. (2014). Participatory E-Budgeting Using GIS-Based Spatial Decision Support System: Kozhikode Municipal Corporation. In Vinod Kumar T. M (Ed.), E-Governance for Smart Cities (307-350), New York: Springer. google scholar
• Noor, N. M. M., lina Ahm, I. A., Ali, N. H., & Ismail, F. (2010). Intelligent decision support system for tourism destination choice: A preliminary study. In 2010 International SYmposium on Information TechnologY (3, 1357-1361). IEEE. google scholar
• Oates, W. E. (1999). An EssaY on Fiscal Federalism. Journal of Economic Literature, 37(3), 1120-1149. google scholar
• Official Gazette. (1992). European Charter of Local Self-Government. google scholar
• Ortaylı, İ. (1982). OsmanlI İmparatorluğunda İdari Modernleşme ve Mahalli İdare Alanındaki Gelişmeler. idare Hukuku ve ilimleri Dergisi, 3(1-3), 137-148. google scholar
• Özsever, Ç., Gençoğlu, T., & Erginel, N. (2009). İşgücü Verimlilik Takibi İçin Sistem Tasarımı ve Karar Destek Modelinin Geliştirilmesi. Jour-nal of Science and Technology of Dumlupınar University, 18, 45-58. google scholar
• Park, T., & Kim, H. (2013). A data warehouse-based decision support sYstem for sewer infrastructure management. Automation in Construction, 30, 37-49. google scholar
• Perini, A., & Susi, A. (2004). Developing a decision support sYstem for integrated production in agriculture. Environmental Modelling & Software, 19(9), 821-829. google scholar
• Power, D. J. (2008). Decision Support Systems: A Historical Overview. In Burstein, F. & Holsapple, C. W. (Ed.), Handbook on Decision Support SYstems 1- Basic Themes (121-140), Berlin:Springer. google scholar
• Prinsloo, P., Khalil, M., & Slade, S. (2024). Vulnerable student digital well-being in Al-powered educational decision support sYstems (Al- google scholar
• EDSS) in higher education. British Journal of Educational Technology, 55(5), 2075-2092. google scholar
• Rego, H., Mendes, A. B., & Guerra, H. (2015). A decision support system for municipal budget plan decisions. In New Contributions in Information SYstems and Technologies: Volume 2 (129-139). Springer International Publishing. google scholar
• Richards, D. (1996). Elite interviewing: Approaches and pitfalls. Politics, 16(3), 199-204. google scholar
• Robaka, A., Herabata, P., & Gupta, A. D. (2007). Decision support sYstem for water infrastructure planning under budget uncertaintY: A case studY from Thailand. Water International, 32(S1), 822-843. google scholar
• Scott Morton, M. S. (1971). Management Decision Systems: Computer-Based Support of Decision Making, Boston:Harvard UniversitY Press. Sharda, R., Delen, D., & Turban, E. (2021). Analytics, data science, & artificial intelligence: systems for decision support. New York:Pearson. google scholar
• Shirsath, R., Khadke, N., More, D., Patil, P., & Patil, H. (2017). Agriculture decision support system using data mining. In 2017 International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Control (I2C2) (1-5), IEEE. google scholar
• Shirsath, R., N. Khadke, D. More, P. Patil & H. Patil "Agriculture Decision Support SYstem using Data Mining", 2017 International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Control (I2C2), Coimbatore, India, 2017, pp. 1-5. google scholar
• Sprague, R. H. & Carlson, E. D. (1982). Building Effective Decision Support Systems, New JerseY:Prentice-Hall. google scholar
• Stiglitz, J.E. (1994). Kamu Kesimi Ekonomisi, İstanbul:Marmara Üniversitesi YaYinları. google scholar
• Susam, N. (2024). Kamu Maliyesi, Ankara:Seçkin YaYıncılık. google scholar
• Şahin, Y., & Supçiller, A. (2015). Tedarikçi seçimi için bir karar destek sistemi. Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi, 3(2), 91-104. google scholar
• Tabari, M. Y., & Memariani, A. (2019). Developing a decision support system for big data analysis and cost allocation in national healthcare. In Healthcare Data AnalYtics and Management (89-109). Academic Press. google scholar
• Toigo, P., & Woods, R. (2006). Public investment in the United Kingdom. OECD Journal on Budgeting, 6(4), 63-102. google scholar
• Ubbels, A., & Verhallen, J. M. (2000). SuitabilitY of decision support tools for collaborative planning processes in water resources management. RIZA rapport (No. 99.067). google scholar
• UlusoY, A. & Akdemir, T. (2012). Mahalli İdareler. Ankara: Seçkin YaYincilik. google scholar
• Ülengin, F., Önsel, Ş., Topçu, Y. I., Aktaş, E., & Kabak, Ö. (2007). An integrated Transportation decision support sYstem for Transportation policy decisions: The case of TurkeY. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 41(1), 80-97. google scholar
• Ülkmen, İ. H. (1960). Mahali idareler Mâliyesi, Ankara:Ankara Üniversitesi SİYasal Bilgiler Fakültesi YaYinları. google scholar
• Vancutsem, D., Maksimova, S. V., Zavialov, A. Y., Mezenina, K. O., & Mikushin, P. S. (2014). Information-AnalYtical SYstem for Managing Cities of Perm Region Spatial Development. In Proceeding of 19th International Conference on urban planning, regional development and information societY (295-301), Vienna. google scholar
• Wallace, W. A., & De Balogh, F. (1985). Decision Support SYstems for Disaster Management. Public Administration Review, 45, 134-146. https://doi.org/10.2307/3135008 google scholar
• Wen, W., Wang, W., & Wang, C.H. (2005). A knowledge-based intelligent decision support sYstem for national defense budget planning. Expert Systems with Applications, 28, 55-66. google scholar
• Westphal, K.S., Vogel, R.M., Kirshen, P.H., & Chapra, S.C. (2003). Decision Support SYstem for Adaptive Water SupplY Management. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 129, 165-177. google scholar
• Windhouwer, C.J., Klunder, G.A. & Sanders, F.M. (2005). Decision Support System Emergency Planning, Creating Evacuation Strategies in the Event of Flooding, İn B. Van de Walle & B. Carle (Ed.), Proceedings of the 2nd International ISCRAM Conference (171-180), Belgium. google scholar
• Yadollahi, M., & Zin, R. M. (2014). Multi-strategY budget allocation decision support sYstem for seismic rehabilitation of road infrastruc-ture. Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, 10(2), 239-260. https://doi.org/10.1080/15732479.2012.737810 google scholar
• Yıldırım, A. & Şimşek, H. (2016). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara:Seçkin YaYincılık. google scholar
• Zhang, Q. & Zeng, C. (2024). Design and Implementation of an Intelligent Metro Project Investment Decision Support SYstem. Interna-tional Journal of Information Technologies and Systems Approach (IJITSA), 17(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJITSA.342855 google scholar
• Zhu, Y. (2018). A Data Driven Educational Decision Support SYstem. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), 13(11), 4-16. google scholar