YETİŞKİN ASTIM HASTALARINDA YAŞAM KALİTESİ VE YAŞAM KALİTESİNİ ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLERİN TANILANMASI

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı yetişkin astım hastalarının yaşam kalitesini sağlıklı kontrol grup ile karşılaştırarak tanımlamak ve hastaların yaşam kalitesi ile demografik, astımla ilgili değişkenler, psikolojik durum arasındaki ilişkiyi değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve yöntem: Göğüs hastalıkları anabilim dalı polikliniğinde bir yıldır takipli olan hastalardan 1 Nisan-30 Mayıs 2005 tarihlerinde başvuran, okur yazar olan, psikotik belirtileri veya mental retardasyon saptanmayan, çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden hastalar çalışmaya alındı (n=176). Hastalara yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu, psikiyatrik tanılama için standart tanı formu olan KISA(Kısa Sağlık Anketi/Brief Patient Health Questionnaire-Brief PHQ), sağlık alanında yaşam kalitesini değerlendirmek için SF-36 uygulandı. Kontrol grup, astımlı grupla sosyodemografik özellikleri eşleştirilmiş genel populasyondan seçilmiş 100 sağlıklı yetişkin ile oluşturulmuştur. Bulgular: Hastaların yaş ortalaması 46,27 ± 11,46 yıl idi, %77,3’ü kadındı. Hastalık süresi ortalama 13,03 ± 8,84 yıl idi. GINA (The Global Initiative for Asthma)’ya göre hastalık evresi %47,2’si orta persistan düzeydeydi. Hastaların ortalama FEV1 yüzde değeri 86,62 ± 20,16 L idi. KISA’ya göre psikiyatrik tanı oranı %29 bulundu. Astım hastalarının SF-36 yaşam kalitesinin tüm alt boyutlarında puanları kontrol grubundan düşük bulundu (p < 0,05). Psikiyatrik bir tanının varlığı hem fiziksel, hem mental sağlık boyutunda yaşam kalitesini düşürdüğü saptandı (p < 0,001). Sonuç: Hastalıkla ilgili fiziksel parametreler yaşam kalitesinin yalnızca fiziksel boyutunu etkilediği saptanırken, psikiyatrik tanı konulan hastalarda ise tüm alt boyutlarda yaşam kalitesinin anlamlı düzeyde etkilendiği bulundu.

Keywords

• Astım, yaşam kalitesi, SF-36, KISA

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