İNVAZİV MANTAR HASTALIKLARININ MİKOLOJİK TANISI

Abstract

İnvaziv mantar infeksiyonları, günümüzde özellikle riskli konumdaki immünosupressif hastalar açısından önemli bir morbidite ve mortalite nedeni olmaya devam etmektedir. İnfeksiyonun çok hızlı ilerlemesi ve tanımlanmasındaki güçlükler sonucunda kesin tanı çoğunlukla otopsi esnasında konur. Mortalitenin % 40-70’lere ulaşmış olması erken ve gerçekçi laboratuvar testlerine olan gereksinimin ne denli önemli olduğunu çarpıcı bir biçimde vurgulamaktadır. Bu derlemede invaziv mikoz etkeni olan/olabilen mantarlar ve laboratuvar tanı testlerinden söz edilmiştir.

Keywords

• İnvaziv mikoz, patojen mantar, fırsatçı mantar, immünosupressif hasta, laboratuvartanı testleri

References

1. Bialek R, Konrad F, Kern J, Aepinus C, Cecenas L, Gonzales GM Just-Nubling G, Willinger B,Presterl E, Lass-Florl C,Rickerts V. PCR based identification and discrimination of agents of mu- cormycosis and aspergillosis in paraffin wax embedded tissue. J Clin Pathol 2005; 58:1180-1184.
2. Bradsher RW. Blastomycoses. In: Dismukes WE, Pappas PG, So- bel JD (eds). Clinical mycology. Oxford University Press. New- York, USA, 2003; pp 299-310.
3. de Repentigny L, Serological techniques for diagnosis of fungal in- fection. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1989; 8:361-375.
4. de Valk HA, Meis JF, Curfs IM, Muehlethaler K, Mouton JW, Klassen CH. Use of a novel panel of nine short tandem repeats for exact and high-resolution fingerprinting of Aspergillus fumigatus isolates. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43:4112-4120.
5. Dupont P, Pappas PG, Dismukes WE. Fungal infections among pa- tients with AIDS. In: Dismukes WE, Pappas PG, Sobel JD (eds). Clinical mycology. Oxford University Press. NewYork, 2003; pp 188-205.
6. Frank U, Malkotis D, Mlangeni D, Daschner FD. Controlled clini- cal comparison of three commercial blood culture systems. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1999; 18:248-255.
7. Gomez BL, Figuero JL, Hamilton AJ, Ortiz BL, Robledo MA, Restrepo A Hay RJ. Development of a novel antigen test for histop- lasmosis J Clin Microbiol 1997; 35:2618-2622.
8. Guinvarc’h A, Guilbert L ,Marmorat-Khuong A, Lavarde V, Che- valier P, Guillemain R, Berrebi A. Disseminated Fusarium solani infection with endocarditis in a lung transplant recipient. Mycoses 1998; 41: 59-61.

9. Kern ME. Medical mycology a self-instructional text, FA Davis Co. Philadelphia, USA, 3nd ed; 1988.
10. Kwon-Chung KJ, Bennett JE. Medical mycology, Lea&Febiger. Philadelphia, USA, 1992.
11. Larone DM. Medical important fungi,a quide to identification, ASM Press. Washington D.C, USA, 4nd ed; 2002.
12. Linke MJ, Rebholz S, Collins M, Tanaka R, Cushion MT. Nonin- vasive method for monitoring Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Emerg Infect Dis 2003; 9:1613-1616.
13. Merz WF, Roberts GD. Algorithms for detection and identification of fungi. In: Murray PR, Baron EJ, Jorgensen JM, Pfaller MA (eds). Manual of Clinical Microbiology. ASM Press. Washington, USA, 8nd., 2003; pp 299-310.
14. Ng L, Virani NA, Chaisson RE, Yajko DM, Sphar HT, Cabrian K, Rollins N, Charache P, Krieger M, Hadley WK. Rapid detection of Pneumocystis carinii using a direct fluorescent monoclonal anti- body stain. J Clin Microbiol 1990;28:2228-2233.
15. O’Shaughnessy EM, Shea YM, Witebsky FG. Laboratory diagno- sis of invasive mycoses. Infect Dis Clin N Am 2003; 17:135-158.
16. Peterson DL. New clinical presentations of invasive aspergillosis in non-conventional hosts. Clin Microbiol Infect 2004; 10:24-30.
17. Pfaller MA, Diekema DJ. Twelve years of fluconazole in clinical practice: global trends in species distribution and fluconazole sus- ceptibility of bloodstream isolates of Candida. Clin Microbiol In- fect 2004; 10:11-23.
18. Richardson MD, Warnock DW. Fungal infection, diagnosis and management, Blackwell Pub Ltd. Massachusetts, USA, 3nd ed; 2003.
19. Sandhu GS, Kline BC, Stockman L, Roberts GD.Molecular probes for diagnosis of fungal infections. J Clin Microbiol 1995; 33:2913- 2919.
20. Sarıbaş Z, Arıkan S(çevirenler).Patojen mantarların moleküler yön- temlerle saptanması. İçinde: Tekeli A, Ustaçelebi Ş(çeviri editörle- ri).Moleküler mikrobiyoloji, tanı prensipleri ve uygulamalar.”Per- sing DH, Tenover FC, Versalovic J, Tang YW, Unger ER, Relman DA, White TJ (eds): Molecular microbiology, diagnostic principles and practice” kitabından. Palme yayıncılık. Ankara, 2006; 551-559.
21. Stockman L, Clark KA, Hunt JM, Roberts GD. Evaluation of com- mercially available acridinium ester-labeled chemiluminescent DNA probes for culture identification of Blastomyces dermatitidis, Coccidioides immitis, Cryptococcus neoformans and Histoplasma capsulatum. J Clin Microbiol 1993; 31:845-850.
22. Stringer JR, Beard CB, Miller RF, Wakefield E. A new name (Pne- umocystis Jiroveci) for Pneumocystis from humans. Emerg Infect Dis 2002; 8:891-896.
23. Sutton DA. Specimen collection, transport and proccessing: Myco- logy In: Murray PR, Baron EJ, Jorgensen JH, Pfaller MA (eds). Manual of clinical microbiology. ASM Press Washington, USA, 8nd ed., 2003; pp 1659-1667.
24. Tanner DC, Weinstein MP, Fedorciw B, Joho KL, Thorpe JJ, Rel- ler L. Comparison of commercial kits for detection of cryptococcal antigen. J Clin Microbiol 1994; 32:1680-1684.
25. Tavanti A, Davidson AD,Johnson EM, Maiden MC, Shaw DJ, Gow NA, Odds FC. Multilocus sequencetyping for differentiation of strains of Candida tropicalis. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43:5593- 5600.
26. Vanbreuseghem R, Vroey CH De, Takashio M. Practical quide to medical and veterinery mycology, Masson Pub. NewYork, USA, 2nd ed., 1978.
27. Walsh TJ, Fancesconi A, Kasai M, Chanock SJ. PCR and single- strand conformational polymorphism for recognition of medically important opportunistic fungi. J Clin Microbiol 1995; 33:3216- 3220.
28. Walsh TJ, Groll A, Hiemenz J, Fleming R, Roilides E, Anaissie E. Infections due to emerging and uncommon medically important fungal pathogens. Clin Microbiol Infect 2004; 10: 48-66.
29. Welty FK, McLeod GX, Ezratty C, Healy RW, Karchmer E. Pse- udallescheria boydii endocarditis of the pulmonic valve in a liver transplant recipient. Clin Infect Dis 1992; 15:858-860.
30. Wheat LJ. Rapid diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis by antigen de- tection. Transpl Infect Dis 2003; 5:158-166.
31. Wheat LJ. Current diagnosis of histoplasmosis. Trends Microbiol 2003; 11:488-494.
32. Yeo SF, Wong B. Current status of nonculture methods for diagno- sis of invasive fungal infections. Clin Microbiol Rev 2002; 15:465- 484.