Clinical Implications and outcome of non‐visualization of fetal gallbladder: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the prenatal characteristics and postnatal outcomes of fetuses with non-visualization of the fetal gallbladder (NVFGB) and to assess the prognostic significance of associated anomalies. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 25 pregnancies diagnosed with NVFGB between November 2020 and May 2025. Cases were classified as isolated or non-isolated based on the presence of additional anomalies. Prenatal findings, genetic test results, and postnatal outcomes were collected and analyzed descriptively. Results: Isolated NVFGB was identified in 19 cases (76%), whereas 6 cases (24%) were non-isolated. Postnatal gallbladder visualization occurred in 12 (63%) of 19 isolated cases, and gallbladder agenesis was confirmed in 7 (37%). One isolated case was associated with cystic fibrosis and another with a 22q11.2 microdeletion. In the non-isolated group, pregnancy termination was performed in 2 cases (33%), and postnatal gallbladder visualization occurred in 2 (33%). Two cases (33%) of situs anomalies (one left atrial isomerism, one situs inversus totalis) were observed among fetuses with non-isolated NVFGB Conclusions: Isolated NVFGB is a significant prenatal finding that should prompt the physician to conduct detailed ultrasound evaluation and consider genetic counseling as well as the possibility of cystic fibrosis and biliary atresia. It is important to inform patients about the most likely postnatal outcomes, such as postnatal gallbladder visualization or gallbladder agenesis. In contrast, non-isolated NVFGB is associated with poorer outcomes, underscoring the prognostic importance of associated anomalies for prenatal counseling and clinical decision-making.

Keywords

• nonvisualized fetal gallbladder (NVFGB)
• cystic fibrosis
• prenatal ultrasound
• postnatal outcome
• gallbladder agenesis

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