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PSYCHIATRIC COMORBIDITY AND SLEEP PROBLEMS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER IN RELATION TO ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER PRESENTATION, AGE AND GENDER

Year 2020, Volume: 83 Issue: 4, 363 - 372, 19.10.2020

Murat Coşkun Gökçen Güven Alper Alnak Ali Karayağmurlu

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to investigate psychiatric comorbidity and sleep problems and their relationships with ADHD presentation, age and gender in a clinical sample of children and adolescents with ADHD. Material and Method: One hundred fifty-four subjects aged 6-17 were included in the study. A semi-structured diagnostic interview was conducted to screen psychiatric disorders. The Child Depression Inventory (CDI), Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) and Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) were used to investigate internalizing difficulties and sleep problems. Results: Overall high rates of comorbid disorders (78%) and sleep problems (97%) were found. ADHD-C was significantly more frequent in males and ADHD-I was more frequent in females (p<0.001). While oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), enuresis and encopresis were more frequent in subjects with ADHD-C (p<0.05), generalized anxiety (GAD) and social anxiety (SAD) disorders were more frequent in subjects with ADHD-I (p<0.05). Females, compared to males, had more frequent diagnoses of depression (p=0.021) and SAD (p=0.03). The majority of subjects (96.7%) scored above the cut off score of 41 in CSHQ (50.51±5.86). The ADHD-C group had significantly higher CSHQ total scores than the ADHD-I group (p<0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between CSHQ total scores and the number of lifetime comorbid diagnoses (p=0.006), self-reported anxiety (p=0.009) and depressive (p=0.004) symptoms. Conclusion: Comorbidity and sleep problems may be common in young people with ADHD and may have complex reciprocal relations with several factors including ADHD presentation, age, and gender.

Keywords

ADHD BMI children comorbidity sleep

References

  • 1. Willcutt EG. The prevalence of DSM-IV attentiondeficit/ hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analytic review. Neurotherapeutics 2012;9:490-9.
  • 2. Dulcan M, Dunne JE, Ayres W, Arnold V, Benson RS, Bernet W, et al. Practice parameters for the assessment and treatment of children, adolescents, and adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1997;36:85S-121S.
  • 3. Agnew-Blais JC, Moffitt TE, Arseneault L, Polanczyk G V., Wertz J, Danese A. Young adult mental health and functional outcomes among individuals with remitted, persistent and late-onset ADHD. Br J Psychiatry 2018;213:526-34.
  • 4. Jensen PS, Martin D, Cantwell DP. Comorbidity in ADHD: Implications for research, practice, and DSM-V. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1997;36:1065-79.
  • 5. Pliszka SR. Conceptual issues in understanding comorbidity in ADHD. Attention-Deficit Hyperact Disord Adults Child 2015:63-71.
  • 6. Inci SB, Ipci M, Akyol Ardıç U, Ercan ES. Psychiatric Comorbidity and Demographic Characteristics of 1,000 Children and Adolescents With ADHD in Turkey. J Atten Disord 2019;23:1356-67.
  • 7. Jensen PS, Hinshaw SP, Kraemer HC, Lenora N, Newcorn JH, Abikoff HB, et al. ADHD comorbidity findings from the MTA study: Comparing comorbid subgroups. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2001;40:147-58.
  • 8. Cuffe SP, Visser SN, Holbrook JR, Danielson ML, Geryk LL, Wolraich ML, et al. ADHD and Psychiatric Comorbidity: Functional Outcomes in a School-Based Sample of Children. J Atten Disord 2015. pii: 1087054715613437. [Epub ahead of print]
  • 9. Takahashi K, Miyawaki D, Suzuki F, Mamoto A, Matsushima N, Tsuji H, et al. Hyperactivity and comorbidity in Japanese children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2007;61:255-62.
  • 10. Mick E, Biederman J, Jetton J, Faraone S V. Sleep Disturbances Associated with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: The Impact of Psychiatric Comorbidity and Pharmacotherapy. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2002;10:223-31.
  • 11. Cortese S, Brown TE, Corkum P, Gruber R, O’Brien LM, Stein M, et al. Assessment and management of sleep problems in youths with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2013;52:784-96.
  • 12. Coskun M, Emine A, Ozturk M. Mirtazapine treatment for comorbid anxiety/depressive disorders in young subjects with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: Case series. Klin Psikofarmakol Bul 2010;20:246-51.
  • 13. Zorlu A, Unlu G, Cakaloz B, Zencir M, Buber A, Isildar Y. The Prevalence and Comorbidity Rates of ADHD Among School-Age Children in Turkey. J Atten Disord 2015. pii: 1087054715577991. [Epub ahead of print]
  • 14. Lambek R, Virring A, Jennum PJ, Thomsen PH, Møller LR. Sleep Problems and Daily Functioning in Children With ADHD: An Investigation of the Role of Impairment, ADHD Presentations, and Psychiatric Comorbidity. J Atten Disord 2014;21:731-40.
  • 15. Tarakçıoğlu MC, Kadak MT, Gürbüz H, Doğan E, Erdoğan F. Sleep Habits In Children And Adolescent Diagnosed With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Med J Haydarpaşa Numune Train Res Hosp 2016;56:71-7.
  • 16. Öner P, Üneri ÖŞ, Rezaki B, Bodur Ş. Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu olan Çocuklarda Uyku Sorunları ve Klinik Değişkenlerle İlişkisi. Kriz Derg 2008;16:25-32.
  • 17. Coskun M, Kaya İ. Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu ve Diğer Komorbid Durumlar. Turkiye Klin J Child Psychiatry- Special Top 2015;1:68-76.
  • 18. Koyuncu A, Çelebi F, Ertekin E, Kök BE, Tükel R. Clinical Effects of ADHD Subtypes in Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder. J Atten Disord 2019;23:1464-9.
  • 19. Soendergaard HM, Thomsen PH, Pedersen E, Pedersen P, Poulsen AE, Winther L, et al. Associations of Age, Gender, and Subtypes With ADHD Symptoms and Related Comorbidity in a Danish Sample of Clinically Referred Adults. J Atten Disord 2016;20:925-33.
  • 20. Kaufman J, Birmaher B, Brent D, Rao U, Flynn C, Moreci P, et al. Schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children-present and lifetime version (K-SADSPL): Initial reliability and validity data. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1997;36:980-8.
  • 21. Coskun M, Hajdini A, Alnak A, Karayagmurlu A. Internet Use Habits, Parental Control and Psychiatric Comorbidity in Young Subjects with Asperger Syndrome. J Autism Dev Disord 2020;50:171-9.
  • 22. Ercan ES, Polanczyk G, Akyol Ardıc U, Yuce D, Karacetın G, Tufan AE, et al. The prevalence of childhood psychopathology in Turkey: a cross-sectional multicenter nationwide study (EPICPAT-T). Nord J Psychiatry 2019;73:132-40.
  • 23. Gokler B, Unal F, Pehlivantürk B, Cengel Kultur E, Akdemir D. Reliability and validity of schedule for affective disorders and Schizophrenia for school age children-present and lifetime version-Turkish version (K-SADS-PL-T) [in Turkish]. Turkish J Child Adolesc Ment Heal 2004;11:109-16.
  • 24. Owens JA, Spirito A, McGuinn M. The Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ): Psychometric Properties of A Survey Instrument for School-Aged Children. Sleep 2017;23:1-9.
  • 25. Fis NP, Arman A, Ay P, Topuzoglu A, Gueler AS, Imren SG, et al. The validity and the reliability of Turkish Version of Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire. Anatol J Psychiatry 2010;11:151-60.
  • 26. Kovacs M. Rating scales to assess depression in school-aged children. Int J Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1981;46:305-15. 27. Öy B. Çocuklar İçin Depresyon Ölçeği: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi 1991;2(2):132-136.
  • 28. Birmaher B, Khetarpal S, Brent D, Cully M, Balach L, Kaufman J, et al. The Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED): Scale construction and psychometric characteristics. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1997;36:545-53.
  • 29. Çakmakçı F. Çocuklarda Anksiyete Bozukluklarını Tarama Ölçeği Geçerlik Ve Güvenirlik Çalışması [in Turkish]. Turkish J Child Adolesc Ment Heal 2004;11.
  • 30. Jensen CM, Steinhausen H-C. Comorbid mental disorders in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder in a large nationwide study. ADHD Atten Deficit Hyperact Disord 2015;7:27-38.
  • 31. Corkum P, Davidson F, MacPherson M. A Framework for the Assessment and Treatment of Sleep Problems in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Pediatr Clin North Am 2011;58:667-83.
  • 32. Sung V, Hiscock H, Sciberras E, Efron D. Sleep problems in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Prevalence and the effect on the child and family. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2008;162:336-42.
  • 33. Tarakcioglu MC, Akkin Gurbuz G, Kadak MT, poyraz BC, aksoy umut mert, erdogan firat. Is there a relationship between the symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, ADHD, and chronotype in medication-free children? A preliminary study in children under 12 years of age. Arch Neuropsychiatry 2018;55:54-8.
  • 34. Mayes SD, Calhoun SL, Bixler EO, Vgontzas AN, Mahr F, Hillwig-Garcia J, et al. ADHD subtypes and comorbid anxiety, depression, and oppositional-defiant disorder: Differences in sleep problems. J Pediatr Psychol 2009;34:328-37.
  • 35. Souza I, Pinheiro MA, Denardin D, Mattos P, Rohde LA. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and comorbidity in Brazil: Comparisons between two referred samples. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2004;13:243-8.
  • 36. Ahmad G. Psychiatric comorbidity differences in clinicreferred children and adolescents with ADHD according to the subtypes and gender. J Child Neurol 2009;24:679-84.
  • 37. Thiruchelvam D, Charach A, Schachar RJ. Moderators and mediators of long-term adherence to stimulant treatment in children with ADHD. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2001;40:922-8.
  • 38. Franco I, Von Gontard A, De Gennaro M. Evaluation and treatment of nonmonosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis: A standardization document from the international children’s continence society. J Pediatr Urol 2013;9:234- 43.
  • 39. Yüce M, Zoroglu SS, Ceylan MF, Kandemir H, Karabekiroglu K. Psychiatric comorbidity distribution and diversities in children and adolescents with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder: A study from Turkey. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2013;9:1791-9.
  • 40. Ushijima H, Usami M, Saito K, Kodaira M, Ikeda M. Time course of the development of depressive mood and oppositional defiant behavior among boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Differences between subtypes. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2012;66:285-91.
  • 41. Baeyens D, Roeyers H, Hoebeke P, Verté S, Van Hoecke E, Vande Walle J. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children with nocturnal enuresis. J Urol 2004;171:2576-9.
  • 42. Khazaie H, Eghbali F, Amirian H, Moradi MR, Ghadami MR. Risk Factors of Nocturnal Enuresis in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Shanghai Arch Psychiatry 2018;30(1):20-6.
  • 43. Lin L-Y, Soong W-T, Tai Y-M, Shang C-Y, Chiu Y-N, Gau SSF, et al. Association between symptoms and subtypes of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and sleep problems/ disorders. J Sleep Res 2010;19:535-45.
  • 44. Eyuboglu M, Eyuboglu D. Behavioural sleep problems in previously untreated children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatry Clin Psychopharmacol 2018;28:19-24.
  • 45. Connor DF, Edwards G, Fletcher KE, Baird J, Barkley RA, Steingard RJ. Correlates of comorbid psychopathology in children with ADHD. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2003;42:193-200.
  • 46. Wilens TE, Biederman J, Faraone S V., Martelon M, Westerberg D, Spencer TJ. Presenting ADHD symptoms, subtypes, and comorbid disorders in clinically referred adults with ADHD. J Clin Psychiatry 2009;70:1557-62.
  • 47. Quinn PO, Madhoo M. A review of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder in women and girls: Uncovering this hidden diagnosis. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry 2014;16:PCC.13r01596.
  • 48. Fliers EA, Buitelaar JK, Maras A, Bul K, Höhle E, Faraone S V., et al. ADHD is a risk factor for overweight and obesity in children. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2013;34:566-74.

DİKKAT EKSİKLİĞİ HİPERAKTİVİTE BOZUKLUĞU TANILI ÇOCUK VE ERGENLERDE DİKKAT EKSİKLİĞİ HİPERAKTİVİTE BOZUKLUĞU GÖRÜNÜMÜ; YAŞ VE CİNSİYETE GÖRE PSİKİYATRİK KOMORBİDİTE VE UYKU PROBLEMLERİ

Year 2020, Volume: 83 Issue: 4, 363 - 372, 19.10.2020

Murat Coşkun Gökçen Güven Alper Alnak Ali Karayağmurlu

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, DEHB tanılı çocuk ve ergenlerden oluşan klinik bir örneklemde psikiyatrik komorbidite, uyku problemleri ve bunların DEHB görünümü, yaş ve cinsiyetle olan ilişkilerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmış. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya 6-17 yaş arası 154 katılımcı dahil edildi. Psikiyatrik bozuklukları değerlendirmek amacıyla yarı yapılandırılmış bir klinik görüşme gerçekleştirildi. İçselleştirme ve uyku sorunlarını değerlendirmek için Çocuklar için Anksiyete Bozuklukları Tarama Ölçeği (ÇATÖ), Çocuk Depresyon Envanteri (ÇDE) ve Çocuk Uyku Alışkanlıkları Anketi (ÇUAA) kullanıldı. Bulgular: Katılımcılar arasında komorbid hastalık (%78) ve uyku problemleri (%97) sıklıkları oldukça yüksekti. DEHB bileşik görünüm erkeklerde daha sık olarak tespit edildi (p<0,001) ve karşıt olma-karşı gelme bozukluğu, enürezi ve enkoprezi bileşik görünümdeki olgularda daha sıktı (p<0,05). Dikkatsizlik görünümündeki olgularda ise sosyal anksiyete bozukluğu ve yaygın anksiyete bozukluğu görülme sıklıkları bileşik görünümdeki olgulara göre daha fazlaydı (p<0,05). Erkeklerle karşılaştırıldığında, kızlarda sosyal anksiyete bozukluğu (p=0,03) ve depresyon (p=0,021) daha sık olarak görülmekteydi. Katılımcıların %96,7’si ÇUAA’nde kesme puanı olan 41’in üzerinde skora sahipti (50,51±5,86). Bileşik görünümdeki olguların ÇUAA skorları dikkatsizlik görünümündeki olgulardan anlamlı olarak daha yüksekti (p<0,05). ÇUAA skorları ile toplam yaşam boyu psikiyatrik hastalık sayısı ve öz-bildirime dayalı depresyon (p=0,006) ve anksiyete (p=0,009) belirti şiddeti arasında pozitif yönde bir korelasyon saptandı. Sonuç: DEHB’de psikiyatrik komorbid bozukluklar ve uyku problemleri yaygın olarak görülür ve DEHB görünümü, yaş ve cinsiyet gibi faktörler ile etkileşimleri kompleks ve karşılıklı olabilir.

Keywords

DEHB çocuk uyku komorbidite VKİ

References

  • 1. Willcutt EG. The prevalence of DSM-IV attentiondeficit/ hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analytic review. Neurotherapeutics 2012;9:490-9.
  • 2. Dulcan M, Dunne JE, Ayres W, Arnold V, Benson RS, Bernet W, et al. Practice parameters for the assessment and treatment of children, adolescents, and adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1997;36:85S-121S.
  • 3. Agnew-Blais JC, Moffitt TE, Arseneault L, Polanczyk G V., Wertz J, Danese A. Young adult mental health and functional outcomes among individuals with remitted, persistent and late-onset ADHD. Br J Psychiatry 2018;213:526-34.
  • 4. Jensen PS, Martin D, Cantwell DP. Comorbidity in ADHD: Implications for research, practice, and DSM-V. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1997;36:1065-79.
  • 5. Pliszka SR. Conceptual issues in understanding comorbidity in ADHD. Attention-Deficit Hyperact Disord Adults Child 2015:63-71.
  • 6. Inci SB, Ipci M, Akyol Ardıç U, Ercan ES. Psychiatric Comorbidity and Demographic Characteristics of 1,000 Children and Adolescents With ADHD in Turkey. J Atten Disord 2019;23:1356-67.
  • 7. Jensen PS, Hinshaw SP, Kraemer HC, Lenora N, Newcorn JH, Abikoff HB, et al. ADHD comorbidity findings from the MTA study: Comparing comorbid subgroups. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2001;40:147-58.
  • 8. Cuffe SP, Visser SN, Holbrook JR, Danielson ML, Geryk LL, Wolraich ML, et al. ADHD and Psychiatric Comorbidity: Functional Outcomes in a School-Based Sample of Children. J Atten Disord 2015. pii: 1087054715613437. [Epub ahead of print]
  • 9. Takahashi K, Miyawaki D, Suzuki F, Mamoto A, Matsushima N, Tsuji H, et al. Hyperactivity and comorbidity in Japanese children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2007;61:255-62.
  • 10. Mick E, Biederman J, Jetton J, Faraone S V. Sleep Disturbances Associated with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: The Impact of Psychiatric Comorbidity and Pharmacotherapy. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2002;10:223-31.
  • 11. Cortese S, Brown TE, Corkum P, Gruber R, O’Brien LM, Stein M, et al. Assessment and management of sleep problems in youths with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2013;52:784-96.
  • 12. Coskun M, Emine A, Ozturk M. Mirtazapine treatment for comorbid anxiety/depressive disorders in young subjects with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: Case series. Klin Psikofarmakol Bul 2010;20:246-51.
  • 13. Zorlu A, Unlu G, Cakaloz B, Zencir M, Buber A, Isildar Y. The Prevalence and Comorbidity Rates of ADHD Among School-Age Children in Turkey. J Atten Disord 2015. pii: 1087054715577991. [Epub ahead of print]
  • 14. Lambek R, Virring A, Jennum PJ, Thomsen PH, Møller LR. Sleep Problems and Daily Functioning in Children With ADHD: An Investigation of the Role of Impairment, ADHD Presentations, and Psychiatric Comorbidity. J Atten Disord 2014;21:731-40.
  • 15. Tarakçıoğlu MC, Kadak MT, Gürbüz H, Doğan E, Erdoğan F. Sleep Habits In Children And Adolescent Diagnosed With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Med J Haydarpaşa Numune Train Res Hosp 2016;56:71-7.
  • 16. Öner P, Üneri ÖŞ, Rezaki B, Bodur Ş. Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu olan Çocuklarda Uyku Sorunları ve Klinik Değişkenlerle İlişkisi. Kriz Derg 2008;16:25-32.
  • 17. Coskun M, Kaya İ. Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu ve Diğer Komorbid Durumlar. Turkiye Klin J Child Psychiatry- Special Top 2015;1:68-76.
  • 18. Koyuncu A, Çelebi F, Ertekin E, Kök BE, Tükel R. Clinical Effects of ADHD Subtypes in Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder. J Atten Disord 2019;23:1464-9.
  • 19. Soendergaard HM, Thomsen PH, Pedersen E, Pedersen P, Poulsen AE, Winther L, et al. Associations of Age, Gender, and Subtypes With ADHD Symptoms and Related Comorbidity in a Danish Sample of Clinically Referred Adults. J Atten Disord 2016;20:925-33.
  • 20. Kaufman J, Birmaher B, Brent D, Rao U, Flynn C, Moreci P, et al. Schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children-present and lifetime version (K-SADSPL): Initial reliability and validity data. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1997;36:980-8.
  • 21. Coskun M, Hajdini A, Alnak A, Karayagmurlu A. Internet Use Habits, Parental Control and Psychiatric Comorbidity in Young Subjects with Asperger Syndrome. J Autism Dev Disord 2020;50:171-9.
  • 22. Ercan ES, Polanczyk G, Akyol Ardıc U, Yuce D, Karacetın G, Tufan AE, et al. The prevalence of childhood psychopathology in Turkey: a cross-sectional multicenter nationwide study (EPICPAT-T). Nord J Psychiatry 2019;73:132-40.
  • 23. Gokler B, Unal F, Pehlivantürk B, Cengel Kultur E, Akdemir D. Reliability and validity of schedule for affective disorders and Schizophrenia for school age children-present and lifetime version-Turkish version (K-SADS-PL-T) [in Turkish]. Turkish J Child Adolesc Ment Heal 2004;11:109-16.
  • 24. Owens JA, Spirito A, McGuinn M. The Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ): Psychometric Properties of A Survey Instrument for School-Aged Children. Sleep 2017;23:1-9.
  • 25. Fis NP, Arman A, Ay P, Topuzoglu A, Gueler AS, Imren SG, et al. The validity and the reliability of Turkish Version of Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire. Anatol J Psychiatry 2010;11:151-60.
  • 26. Kovacs M. Rating scales to assess depression in school-aged children. Int J Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1981;46:305-15. 27. Öy B. Çocuklar İçin Depresyon Ölçeği: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi 1991;2(2):132-136.
  • 28. Birmaher B, Khetarpal S, Brent D, Cully M, Balach L, Kaufman J, et al. The Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED): Scale construction and psychometric characteristics. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1997;36:545-53.
  • 29. Çakmakçı F. Çocuklarda Anksiyete Bozukluklarını Tarama Ölçeği Geçerlik Ve Güvenirlik Çalışması [in Turkish]. Turkish J Child Adolesc Ment Heal 2004;11.
  • 30. Jensen CM, Steinhausen H-C. Comorbid mental disorders in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder in a large nationwide study. ADHD Atten Deficit Hyperact Disord 2015;7:27-38.
  • 31. Corkum P, Davidson F, MacPherson M. A Framework for the Assessment and Treatment of Sleep Problems in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Pediatr Clin North Am 2011;58:667-83.
  • 32. Sung V, Hiscock H, Sciberras E, Efron D. Sleep problems in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Prevalence and the effect on the child and family. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2008;162:336-42.
  • 33. Tarakcioglu MC, Akkin Gurbuz G, Kadak MT, poyraz BC, aksoy umut mert, erdogan firat. Is there a relationship between the symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, ADHD, and chronotype in medication-free children? A preliminary study in children under 12 years of age. Arch Neuropsychiatry 2018;55:54-8.
  • 34. Mayes SD, Calhoun SL, Bixler EO, Vgontzas AN, Mahr F, Hillwig-Garcia J, et al. ADHD subtypes and comorbid anxiety, depression, and oppositional-defiant disorder: Differences in sleep problems. J Pediatr Psychol 2009;34:328-37.
  • 35. Souza I, Pinheiro MA, Denardin D, Mattos P, Rohde LA. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and comorbidity in Brazil: Comparisons between two referred samples. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2004;13:243-8.
  • 36. Ahmad G. Psychiatric comorbidity differences in clinicreferred children and adolescents with ADHD according to the subtypes and gender. J Child Neurol 2009;24:679-84.
  • 37. Thiruchelvam D, Charach A, Schachar RJ. Moderators and mediators of long-term adherence to stimulant treatment in children with ADHD. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2001;40:922-8.
  • 38. Franco I, Von Gontard A, De Gennaro M. Evaluation and treatment of nonmonosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis: A standardization document from the international children’s continence society. J Pediatr Urol 2013;9:234- 43.
  • 39. Yüce M, Zoroglu SS, Ceylan MF, Kandemir H, Karabekiroglu K. Psychiatric comorbidity distribution and diversities in children and adolescents with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder: A study from Turkey. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2013;9:1791-9.
  • 40. Ushijima H, Usami M, Saito K, Kodaira M, Ikeda M. Time course of the development of depressive mood and oppositional defiant behavior among boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Differences between subtypes. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2012;66:285-91.
  • 41. Baeyens D, Roeyers H, Hoebeke P, Verté S, Van Hoecke E, Vande Walle J. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children with nocturnal enuresis. J Urol 2004;171:2576-9.
  • 42. Khazaie H, Eghbali F, Amirian H, Moradi MR, Ghadami MR. Risk Factors of Nocturnal Enuresis in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Shanghai Arch Psychiatry 2018;30(1):20-6.
  • 43. Lin L-Y, Soong W-T, Tai Y-M, Shang C-Y, Chiu Y-N, Gau SSF, et al. Association between symptoms and subtypes of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and sleep problems/ disorders. J Sleep Res 2010;19:535-45.
  • 44. Eyuboglu M, Eyuboglu D. Behavioural sleep problems in previously untreated children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatry Clin Psychopharmacol 2018;28:19-24.
  • 45. Connor DF, Edwards G, Fletcher KE, Baird J, Barkley RA, Steingard RJ. Correlates of comorbid psychopathology in children with ADHD. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2003;42:193-200.
  • 46. Wilens TE, Biederman J, Faraone S V., Martelon M, Westerberg D, Spencer TJ. Presenting ADHD symptoms, subtypes, and comorbid disorders in clinically referred adults with ADHD. J Clin Psychiatry 2009;70:1557-62.
  • 47. Quinn PO, Madhoo M. A review of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder in women and girls: Uncovering this hidden diagnosis. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry 2014;16:PCC.13r01596.
  • 48. Fliers EA, Buitelaar JK, Maras A, Bul K, Höhle E, Faraone S V., et al. ADHD is a risk factor for overweight and obesity in children. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2013;34:566-74.
There are 47 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section RESEARCH
Authors

Murat Coşkun This is me 0000-0002-4808-5870

Gökçen Güven This is me 0000-0001-7557-0778

Alper Alnak This is me 0000-0002-3515-8217

Ali Karayağmurlu This is me 0000-0001-5464-2891

Publication Date October 19, 2020
Submission Date September 24, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 83 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Coşkun, M., Güven, G., Alnak, A., Karayağmurlu, A. (2020). PSYCHIATRIC COMORBIDITY AND SLEEP PROBLEMS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER IN RELATION TO ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER PRESENTATION, AGE AND GENDER. Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, 83(4), 363-372.
AMA Coşkun M, Güven G, Alnak A, Karayağmurlu A. PSYCHIATRIC COMORBIDITY AND SLEEP PROBLEMS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER IN RELATION TO ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER PRESENTATION, AGE AND GENDER. İst Tıp Fak Derg. October 2020;83(4):363-372.
Chicago Coşkun, Murat, Gökçen Güven, Alper Alnak, and Ali Karayağmurlu. “PSYCHIATRIC COMORBIDITY AND SLEEP PROBLEMS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER IN RELATION TO ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER PRESENTATION, AGE AND GENDER”. Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine 83, no. 4 (October 2020): 363-72.
EndNote Coşkun M, Güven G, Alnak A, Karayağmurlu A (October 1, 2020) PSYCHIATRIC COMORBIDITY AND SLEEP PROBLEMS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER IN RELATION TO ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER PRESENTATION, AGE AND GENDER. Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine 83 4 363–372.
IEEE M. Coşkun, G. Güven, A. Alnak, and A. Karayağmurlu, “PSYCHIATRIC COMORBIDITY AND SLEEP PROBLEMS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER IN RELATION TO ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER PRESENTATION, AGE AND GENDER”, İst Tıp Fak Derg, vol. 83, no. 4, pp. 363–372, 2020.
ISNAD Coşkun, Murat et al. “PSYCHIATRIC COMORBIDITY AND SLEEP PROBLEMS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER IN RELATION TO ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER PRESENTATION, AGE AND GENDER”. Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine 83/4 (October 2020), 363-372.
JAMA Coşkun M, Güven G, Alnak A, Karayağmurlu A. PSYCHIATRIC COMORBIDITY AND SLEEP PROBLEMS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER IN RELATION TO ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER PRESENTATION, AGE AND GENDER. İst Tıp Fak Derg. 2020;83:363–372.
MLA Coşkun, Murat et al. “PSYCHIATRIC COMORBIDITY AND SLEEP PROBLEMS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER IN RELATION TO ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER PRESENTATION, AGE AND GENDER”. Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, vol. 83, no. 4, 2020, pp. 363-72.
Vancouver Coşkun M, Güven G, Alnak A, Karayağmurlu A. PSYCHIATRIC COMORBIDITY AND SLEEP PROBLEMS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER IN RELATION TO ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER PRESENTATION, AGE AND GENDER. İst Tıp Fak Derg. 2020;83(4):363-72.
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