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MENOPOZUN VE HORMON REPLASMAN TEDAVİSİNİN PLAZMA NİTRAT/NİTRİT VE ENDOTELİN-1 DÜZEYLERİNE ETKİSİ

Year 2008, Volume: 71 Issue: 2, 39 - 45, 14.11.2011

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı menopoz sonrası (postmenopozda) plazma nitrat/nitrit (NOx) ve endotelin-1 (ET-1) düzeylerinde meydana gelen değişiklikleri, ve farklı hormon replasman tedavilerinin (HRT) bu vazoaktif maddeler üzerindeki etkisini incelemekti. Gereç ve yöntem: Çalışmaya 50 sağlıklı postmenopozal (PMW) ve 25 sağlıklı premenopozal kadın dahil edildi. Postmenopozal kadınlar rastgele iki alt gruba ayrıldı: siklik HRT ve kesintisiz HRT alan alt gruplar. 1. grup (siklik HRT) 2 ay boyunca siklüsün 1-28 günleri arasında 0,625mg konjuge estojen (CEE) + 18-28 günleri arasında 5mg medroksiprogesteron asetat (MPA) alan kadınlardan oluşturuldu. 2. grup (kesintisiz HRT) ise 2 ay boyunca siklüsün 1-28 günleri arasında 0,625mg CEE + 2,5mg MPA alan kadınlardan oluşturuldu. Sonuçların istatiksel değerlendirilmesinde Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, Wilcoxon signed ranks, ve Spearman korelasyon testleri kullanıldı. Bulgular: Premenopozal olanlara kıyasla postmenopozal kadınlarda NOx konsantrasyonları azalırken, ET-1 konsantrasyonları artmaktadır. Premenopozal kadınlarda NOx ve ET-1 arasında görülen pozitif korelasyon, bu iki parametre arasında bir denge olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu denge menopozda değişmektedir. İki aylık HRT menopozla azalan NOx’nın artmasına neden olurken, ET-1 üzerine bir etkisi yoktur, böylece HRT NOx ve ET-1 arasındaki dengeyi düzenlemektedir. Siklik HRT’ye kıyasla kesintisiz HRT endotel fonksiyonu ve NOx/ET-1 arasındaki kritik dengenin sürdürülmesinde daha başarılı olduğunu söyleyebiliriz. Sonuç: Sonuçlarımızdan da görüldüğü gibi, HRT’ye cavaben postmenopozal kadınların bir kısmında (3/4) plazma NOx düzeyleri artmakta, bir kısmında ise (1/4) azalmaktadır; bu da, hepsi olmasa da postmenopozal kadınların çoğunun HRT'nin pozitif etkilerinden yararlandığını söyleyebiliriz.

References

  • Akgul C, Canbaz M, Vural P. Effects of tibolone on endogenous nitric oxide (nitrite/nitrate levels) in postmenopausal women. Int J fertil 2002; 47: 13-17.
  • Akgul C, Canbaz M, Vural P, Yildirim A, Geren N. Hormone replacement therapy and urinary prostaglandins in postmenopa- usal women. Maturitas 1998; 30: 79-83.
  • Balci H, Altunyurt S, Acar B, Fadiloglu M, Kirkali G, Onvural B. Effects of transdermal estrogen therapy on plasma levels of nitric oxide and plasma lipids in postmenopausal women. Matu- ritas 2005; 50: 289-293.
  • Best PJM, Beger PB, Miller VM, Lerman A. The effect of estro- gen replacement therapy on nitric oxide and endothelin-1 levels in postmenopausal women. Ann Intern Med 1998; 128: 285- 288.
  • Busse R, Fleming I. Endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis. J Vasc Res 1996; 33: 181-194.
  • Cagnacci A, Tarquini R, Perfetto F, Arangino S, Zanni AL, Facc- hinetti F. Endothein-1 and nitric oxide are related cardiovascular risk dactors but are not modified by estradiol replacement in he- althy postmenopausal women. A crossectional and randomised cross-over study. Maturitas 2003; 44: 117-124.
  • Christodoulakos G, Panoulis C, Kouskouni E, Chondros C, Dendrinos S, Cretsas G. Effects of estrogen-progestin and ralo- xifene therapy on nitric oxide, prostacyclin and endothelin-1 synthesis. Gynecol Endocrinol 2002; 16: 9-17.
  • De Nucci G, Thomas R, D’Orleans-Juste P, Antunes E, Walder C, Warner TD, Vane JR. Pressor effects of endothelin are limited by its removal in the pulmonary circulation and by release of prostacyclin and endothelium-derived relaxing factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1998; 85: 9797-9800.
  • Dubey RK. Vasodilator-derived nitric oxide inhibits fetal calf se- rum and angiotensin-II-induced growth of renal arteriolar smo- oth muscle cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1994; 269: 402-408.
  • Giaid A, Gibson SJ, Ibrahim BN, Legon S, Bloom SR, Yanagi- sawa M, Masaki T, Varndell IM, Polak JM. Endothelin 1, an en- dothelium-derived peptide, is expressed in neurons of the human spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1989; 86: 7634-7638.
  • Gisclard V, Miller VM, Vanhoutte PM. Effect of 17 beta-estradi- ol on endothelium-dependent responses in the rabbit. J Pharma- col Exp Ther 1988; 244: 19-22.
  • Grisham MB, Johnson GG, Lancaster JR. Quantitation of nitra- te and nitrite in extracellular fluids. Methods Enzymol 1996; 268: 237-246.
  • Hishikawa K, Nakaki T, Marumo T, Suzuki H, Kato R, Saruta T. Up-regulation of nitric oxide synthase by estradiol in human aor- tic endothelial cells. FEBS Leett 1995; 360: 291-293.
  • Hulley S, Grady D, Bush T, Furberg C, Herrington D, Riggs B,Vittinghoff E. Randomised trial of estrogen plus progestin for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in postmenopa- usal women. Heart and estrogen/progestin replacement study (HERS) research group. J Am Med Assoc 1998; 280: 605-613.
  • Imthurn B, Roselli M, Jaeger AW, Keller PJ, Dubey RK. Diffe- rential effects of hormone-replacement therapy on endogenous nitric oxide (nitrite/nitrate) levels in postmenopausal women sobstituted with 17_-estradiol valerate and cyprosterone acetate or medroxyprogesterone acetate. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997; 82: 388-394.
  • Isomura H, Fujie K, Shibata K, Inoue N, Iizuka T, Takebe G, Ta- kahashi K, Nishihara J, Ixumi H, Sakamoto W. Bone metabo- lism and oxidative stress in postmenopausal rats with iron over- load. Toxicology 2004; 197: 93-100.
  • Kesim MD, Aydin Y, Erdemir M, Atis A. Nitric oxide in postme- nopausal women taking three different HRT regimens. Maturitas 2005; 50: 52-57.
  • Khoram O, Garthwaite M, Magness RR. Endometrial and mi- ometrial expression of nitric oxide synthase isoforms in pre-and postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84: 2226-2232.
  • Kuller LH. Hormone replacement therapy and coronary heart di- sease. Med Clin Nort Am 2000; 84: 181-198.
  • Lip GY, Blann AD, Jones AF, Baavers DG. Effects of hormone replacement therapy on hemostatic factors, lipid factors, and en- dothelial function in women undergoing surgical menopause: implications for prevention of atherosclerosis. Am Heart J 1997; 134: 764-771.
  • Loscalzo J, Welch G. Nitric oxide and its role in cardiovascular system. Prog cardiovasc Dis 1995; 38: 87-104.
  • Losordo DW, Kearney M, Kim EA, Jekanowski J, Isner JM. Va- riable expression of the estrogen receptor in normal and athe- rosclerotic arteries in postmenopausal women. Circulation 1994; 89: 1501-1510.
  • Manson JE, Hsia J, Johnson KC, Rossouw JE, Assaf AR, Lasser NL, Trevisan M, Black HR, Heckbert SR, Detrano R, Strickland OL, Wong ND, Crouse JR, Stein E, Gushman M. Women’s He- alth Initiative Investigators. Estrogen plus progestin and the risk of coronary heart disease. N Eng J Med 2003; 349: 519-521.
  • Mathew V, Hasdai D, Lerman A. The role of endothelin in coro- nary atherosclerosis. Mayo Clin Proc 1996; 71: 769-777.
  • Pacifici R, Rifas L, McCraken R, Vered I, McMurty C, Avioli LV, Peck WA. Ovarian steroid treatment blocks a postmenopa- usal increase in blood monocyte interleukin 1 release. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1989; 86: 2398-2402.
  • Roselli M, Imthurn B, Keller PJ, Jackson EK, Dubey RK. Circulating nitric oxide (nitrite/nitrate) levels in postmeno- pausal women substituted with 17_-estradiol and norethiste- rone acetate. A two-year follow-up study. Hypertension 1995; 25: 848-853.
  • Saitta A, Altavilla D, Cucinotta D, Morabito N, Frisina N, Cor- rado F, D’Anna R, Lasco A, Squadrito G, Gaudio A, Cancellieri F, Arcoraci V, Squadrito F. Randomized, double-blind, placebo- controlled study on effects of raloxifene and hormone replace- ment therapy on plasma NO concentrations, endothelin-1 levels, and endothelium-dependent vasodialatation in postmenopausal women. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2001; 21: 1512-1519.
  • Sanada M. The effect of hormone replacement therapy on meta- bolism of lipoprotein remnants in postmenopausal women. Ma- turitas 2000; 34: 75-82.
  • Silvestri A, Gambacciani M, Vitale C, Monteleone P, Ciaponi M, Fini M, Genazzani AR, Mercuro C, Rosano GMC. Different ef- fect of hormone replacement therapy, DHEAS and tibolone on endothelial function in postmenopausal women with increased cardiovascular risk. Maturitas 2005; 50: 305-311.
  • Van-Buren GA, Yang DS, Clark KE. Estrogen-induced uterine vasodilatation is antagonised by L-nitroarginine methyl ester, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992; 167: 828-833.
  • Vane JR, Anggard EE, Botting RM. Regulatory functions of the vascular endothelium N Engl J Med 1990; 323: 27-36.
  • Vural P. Nitric oxide/endothelin-1 in preeclampsia. Clinica Chi- mica Acta 2002; 317: 65-70.
  • Vural P, Akgul C, Canbaz M. Effects of menopause and tibolone on antioxidants in postmenopausal women. Ann Clin Biochem 2005; 42: 220-223.
  • Vural P, Akgul C, Canbaz M: Effects of hormone replacement therapy on plasma pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and some bone turnover markers in postmenopausal women. Pharmacological Research 2006; 54: 298-302.
  • Wang Y, Walsh SW, Kay HH. Placental lipid peroxides and thromboxane are increased and prostacyclin is decreased in wo- men with preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992; 167: 946- 949.
  • Wilcox CG, Hatch HE, Gentzschein E, Stanczyk F, Lobo RA. Endothelin levels decrease after oral and nonoral estrogen in postmenopausal women with increased cardiovascular risk fac- tors. Fertil Steril 1997; 67: 273-277.
  • Wimalawansa SJ. Rationale for using nitric oxide donor therapy for prevention of bone loss and treatment of osteoporosis in hu- mans. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1117: 283-297.
  • Ylikorkala O, Cacciatore B, Paakkari I, Tikkanen MJ, Viinikka L, Tivonen J. The long-term effects of oral and transdermal post- menopausal hormone replacement therapy on nitric oxide, en- dothelin-1, prostecyclin, and thromboxane. Fertil Steril 1998; 69: 8883-8888.
Year 2008, Volume: 71 Issue: 2, 39 - 45, 14.11.2011

Abstract

References

  • Akgul C, Canbaz M, Vural P. Effects of tibolone on endogenous nitric oxide (nitrite/nitrate levels) in postmenopausal women. Int J fertil 2002; 47: 13-17.
  • Akgul C, Canbaz M, Vural P, Yildirim A, Geren N. Hormone replacement therapy and urinary prostaglandins in postmenopa- usal women. Maturitas 1998; 30: 79-83.
  • Balci H, Altunyurt S, Acar B, Fadiloglu M, Kirkali G, Onvural B. Effects of transdermal estrogen therapy on plasma levels of nitric oxide and plasma lipids in postmenopausal women. Matu- ritas 2005; 50: 289-293.
  • Best PJM, Beger PB, Miller VM, Lerman A. The effect of estro- gen replacement therapy on nitric oxide and endothelin-1 levels in postmenopausal women. Ann Intern Med 1998; 128: 285- 288.
  • Busse R, Fleming I. Endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis. J Vasc Res 1996; 33: 181-194.
  • Cagnacci A, Tarquini R, Perfetto F, Arangino S, Zanni AL, Facc- hinetti F. Endothein-1 and nitric oxide are related cardiovascular risk dactors but are not modified by estradiol replacement in he- althy postmenopausal women. A crossectional and randomised cross-over study. Maturitas 2003; 44: 117-124.
  • Christodoulakos G, Panoulis C, Kouskouni E, Chondros C, Dendrinos S, Cretsas G. Effects of estrogen-progestin and ralo- xifene therapy on nitric oxide, prostacyclin and endothelin-1 synthesis. Gynecol Endocrinol 2002; 16: 9-17.
  • De Nucci G, Thomas R, D’Orleans-Juste P, Antunes E, Walder C, Warner TD, Vane JR. Pressor effects of endothelin are limited by its removal in the pulmonary circulation and by release of prostacyclin and endothelium-derived relaxing factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1998; 85: 9797-9800.
  • Dubey RK. Vasodilator-derived nitric oxide inhibits fetal calf se- rum and angiotensin-II-induced growth of renal arteriolar smo- oth muscle cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1994; 269: 402-408.
  • Giaid A, Gibson SJ, Ibrahim BN, Legon S, Bloom SR, Yanagi- sawa M, Masaki T, Varndell IM, Polak JM. Endothelin 1, an en- dothelium-derived peptide, is expressed in neurons of the human spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1989; 86: 7634-7638.
  • Gisclard V, Miller VM, Vanhoutte PM. Effect of 17 beta-estradi- ol on endothelium-dependent responses in the rabbit. J Pharma- col Exp Ther 1988; 244: 19-22.
  • Grisham MB, Johnson GG, Lancaster JR. Quantitation of nitra- te and nitrite in extracellular fluids. Methods Enzymol 1996; 268: 237-246.
  • Hishikawa K, Nakaki T, Marumo T, Suzuki H, Kato R, Saruta T. Up-regulation of nitric oxide synthase by estradiol in human aor- tic endothelial cells. FEBS Leett 1995; 360: 291-293.
  • Hulley S, Grady D, Bush T, Furberg C, Herrington D, Riggs B,Vittinghoff E. Randomised trial of estrogen plus progestin for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in postmenopa- usal women. Heart and estrogen/progestin replacement study (HERS) research group. J Am Med Assoc 1998; 280: 605-613.
  • Imthurn B, Roselli M, Jaeger AW, Keller PJ, Dubey RK. Diffe- rential effects of hormone-replacement therapy on endogenous nitric oxide (nitrite/nitrate) levels in postmenopausal women sobstituted with 17_-estradiol valerate and cyprosterone acetate or medroxyprogesterone acetate. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997; 82: 388-394.
  • Isomura H, Fujie K, Shibata K, Inoue N, Iizuka T, Takebe G, Ta- kahashi K, Nishihara J, Ixumi H, Sakamoto W. Bone metabo- lism and oxidative stress in postmenopausal rats with iron over- load. Toxicology 2004; 197: 93-100.
  • Kesim MD, Aydin Y, Erdemir M, Atis A. Nitric oxide in postme- nopausal women taking three different HRT regimens. Maturitas 2005; 50: 52-57.
  • Khoram O, Garthwaite M, Magness RR. Endometrial and mi- ometrial expression of nitric oxide synthase isoforms in pre-and postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84: 2226-2232.
  • Kuller LH. Hormone replacement therapy and coronary heart di- sease. Med Clin Nort Am 2000; 84: 181-198.
  • Lip GY, Blann AD, Jones AF, Baavers DG. Effects of hormone replacement therapy on hemostatic factors, lipid factors, and en- dothelial function in women undergoing surgical menopause: implications for prevention of atherosclerosis. Am Heart J 1997; 134: 764-771.
  • Loscalzo J, Welch G. Nitric oxide and its role in cardiovascular system. Prog cardiovasc Dis 1995; 38: 87-104.
  • Losordo DW, Kearney M, Kim EA, Jekanowski J, Isner JM. Va- riable expression of the estrogen receptor in normal and athe- rosclerotic arteries in postmenopausal women. Circulation 1994; 89: 1501-1510.
  • Manson JE, Hsia J, Johnson KC, Rossouw JE, Assaf AR, Lasser NL, Trevisan M, Black HR, Heckbert SR, Detrano R, Strickland OL, Wong ND, Crouse JR, Stein E, Gushman M. Women’s He- alth Initiative Investigators. Estrogen plus progestin and the risk of coronary heart disease. N Eng J Med 2003; 349: 519-521.
  • Mathew V, Hasdai D, Lerman A. The role of endothelin in coro- nary atherosclerosis. Mayo Clin Proc 1996; 71: 769-777.
  • Pacifici R, Rifas L, McCraken R, Vered I, McMurty C, Avioli LV, Peck WA. Ovarian steroid treatment blocks a postmenopa- usal increase in blood monocyte interleukin 1 release. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1989; 86: 2398-2402.
  • Roselli M, Imthurn B, Keller PJ, Jackson EK, Dubey RK. Circulating nitric oxide (nitrite/nitrate) levels in postmeno- pausal women substituted with 17_-estradiol and norethiste- rone acetate. A two-year follow-up study. Hypertension 1995; 25: 848-853.
  • Saitta A, Altavilla D, Cucinotta D, Morabito N, Frisina N, Cor- rado F, D’Anna R, Lasco A, Squadrito G, Gaudio A, Cancellieri F, Arcoraci V, Squadrito F. Randomized, double-blind, placebo- controlled study on effects of raloxifene and hormone replace- ment therapy on plasma NO concentrations, endothelin-1 levels, and endothelium-dependent vasodialatation in postmenopausal women. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2001; 21: 1512-1519.
  • Sanada M. The effect of hormone replacement therapy on meta- bolism of lipoprotein remnants in postmenopausal women. Ma- turitas 2000; 34: 75-82.
  • Silvestri A, Gambacciani M, Vitale C, Monteleone P, Ciaponi M, Fini M, Genazzani AR, Mercuro C, Rosano GMC. Different ef- fect of hormone replacement therapy, DHEAS and tibolone on endothelial function in postmenopausal women with increased cardiovascular risk. Maturitas 2005; 50: 305-311.
  • Van-Buren GA, Yang DS, Clark KE. Estrogen-induced uterine vasodilatation is antagonised by L-nitroarginine methyl ester, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992; 167: 828-833.
  • Vane JR, Anggard EE, Botting RM. Regulatory functions of the vascular endothelium N Engl J Med 1990; 323: 27-36.
  • Vural P. Nitric oxide/endothelin-1 in preeclampsia. Clinica Chi- mica Acta 2002; 317: 65-70.
  • Vural P, Akgul C, Canbaz M. Effects of menopause and tibolone on antioxidants in postmenopausal women. Ann Clin Biochem 2005; 42: 220-223.
  • Vural P, Akgul C, Canbaz M: Effects of hormone replacement therapy on plasma pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and some bone turnover markers in postmenopausal women. Pharmacological Research 2006; 54: 298-302.
  • Wang Y, Walsh SW, Kay HH. Placental lipid peroxides and thromboxane are increased and prostacyclin is decreased in wo- men with preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992; 167: 946- 949.
  • Wilcox CG, Hatch HE, Gentzschein E, Stanczyk F, Lobo RA. Endothelin levels decrease after oral and nonoral estrogen in postmenopausal women with increased cardiovascular risk fac- tors. Fertil Steril 1997; 67: 273-277.
  • Wimalawansa SJ. Rationale for using nitric oxide donor therapy for prevention of bone loss and treatment of osteoporosis in hu- mans. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1117: 283-297.
  • Ylikorkala O, Cacciatore B, Paakkari I, Tikkanen MJ, Viinikka L, Tivonen J. The long-term effects of oral and transdermal post- menopausal hormone replacement therapy on nitric oxide, en- dothelin-1, prostecyclin, and thromboxane. Fertil Steril 1998; 69: 8883-8888.
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Clinical Research
Authors

Gülnar Vatandaş Gülaçtı This is me

Cemil Akgül This is me

Pervin Vural This is me

At All. This is me

Publication Date November 14, 2011
Submission Date November 14, 2011
Published in Issue Year 2008 Volume: 71 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Vatandaş Gülaçtı, G., Akgül, C., Vural, P., All., A. (2011). MENOPOZUN VE HORMON REPLASMAN TEDAVİSİNİN PLAZMA NİTRAT/NİTRİT VE ENDOTELİN-1 DÜZEYLERİNE ETKİSİ. Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, 71(2), 39-45.
AMA Vatandaş Gülaçtı G, Akgül C, Vural P, All. A. MENOPOZUN VE HORMON REPLASMAN TEDAVİSİNİN PLAZMA NİTRAT/NİTRİT VE ENDOTELİN-1 DÜZEYLERİNE ETKİSİ. İst Tıp Fak Derg. November 2011;71(2):39-45.
Chicago Vatandaş Gülaçtı, Gülnar, Cemil Akgül, Pervin Vural, and At All. “MENOPOZUN VE HORMON REPLASMAN TEDAVİSİNİN PLAZMA NİTRAT/NİTRİT VE ENDOTELİN-1 DÜZEYLERİNE ETKİSİ”. Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine 71, no. 2 (November 2011): 39-45.
EndNote Vatandaş Gülaçtı G, Akgül C, Vural P, All. A (November 1, 2011) MENOPOZUN VE HORMON REPLASMAN TEDAVİSİNİN PLAZMA NİTRAT/NİTRİT VE ENDOTELİN-1 DÜZEYLERİNE ETKİSİ. Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine 71 2 39–45.
IEEE G. Vatandaş Gülaçtı, C. Akgül, P. Vural, and A. All., “MENOPOZUN VE HORMON REPLASMAN TEDAVİSİNİN PLAZMA NİTRAT/NİTRİT VE ENDOTELİN-1 DÜZEYLERİNE ETKİSİ”, İst Tıp Fak Derg, vol. 71, no. 2, pp. 39–45, 2011.
ISNAD Vatandaş Gülaçtı, Gülnar et al. “MENOPOZUN VE HORMON REPLASMAN TEDAVİSİNİN PLAZMA NİTRAT/NİTRİT VE ENDOTELİN-1 DÜZEYLERİNE ETKİSİ”. Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine 71/2 (November 2011), 39-45.
JAMA Vatandaş Gülaçtı G, Akgül C, Vural P, All. A. MENOPOZUN VE HORMON REPLASMAN TEDAVİSİNİN PLAZMA NİTRAT/NİTRİT VE ENDOTELİN-1 DÜZEYLERİNE ETKİSİ. İst Tıp Fak Derg. 2011;71:39–45.
MLA Vatandaş Gülaçtı, Gülnar et al. “MENOPOZUN VE HORMON REPLASMAN TEDAVİSİNİN PLAZMA NİTRAT/NİTRİT VE ENDOTELİN-1 DÜZEYLERİNE ETKİSİ”. Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, vol. 71, no. 2, 2011, pp. 39-45.
Vancouver Vatandaş Gülaçtı G, Akgül C, Vural P, All. A. MENOPOZUN VE HORMON REPLASMAN TEDAVİSİNİN PLAZMA NİTRAT/NİTRİT VE ENDOTELİN-1 DÜZEYLERİNE ETKİSİ. İst Tıp Fak Derg. 2011;71(2):39-45.

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