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A RING OSCILLATOR BASED PUF IMPLEMENTATION ON FPGA

Year 2013, Volume: 13 Issue: 2, 1647 - 1652, 25.12.2013

Abstract

Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) are  circuit primitives that generate chip specific and unique outputs, depending on the uncontrollable variations present in the manufacturing process. These cheap and highly efficient structures have a wide range of application areas, including authentication, key generation, and IP protection. Uniqueness, robustness and unpredictability are other important aspects of PUF circuits beside unclonability. In this work, we first review basic PUF  circuit  types, including Optical PUFs,  Arbiter PUFs,  Ring Oscillator  (RO) PUFs  and,  SRAM PUFs.  Then, two FPGA implementations of RO-PUFs are presented with their uniqueness and robustness analyses. Finally, new concepts in RO-PUF literature and their limits and performance expectations are discussed.

References

  • R. S. Pappu, “Physical one-way functions.” Ph.D. dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts, 2001.
  • R. S. Pappu, B. Recht, J. Taylor, and N. Gershenfeld, “Physical oneway functions,” Science, vol. 297, no. 6, pp. 2026–2030, 2002.
  • K. Kursawe, A. Sadeghi, D. Schellekens, B. Skoric, and P. Tuyls, “Reconfigurable physical unclonable functions - enabling technology for tamper-resistant storage,” in IEEE International Workshop on Hardware Oriented Security and Trust (HOST), 2009, pp. 22–29.
  • B. Gassend, D. Clarke, M. van Dijk, and S. Devadas, “Silicon pysical random functions,” in ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS), 2002, pp. 148–160.
  • B. Gassend, D. Clarke, M. Dijk, and S. Devadas, “Controlled physical random functions,” in 18th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference (ACSAC), 2002.
  • C. Yin and G. Qu, “LISA: Maximizing RO-PUF’s secret extraction,” in IEEE International Symposium on Hardware Oriented Security and Trust (HOST), 2010, pp. 100–105.
  • G. Komurcu, A. E. Pusane, and G. Dundar, “Dynamic programming based grouping method for RO-PUFs,” in 9th Conference on Ph. D. Research in Microelectronics and Electronics (PRIME), 2013, accepted for publication.
  • D. Lim, J. Lee, B. Gasend, G.E.Suh, M. V. Dijk, and S. Devadas, “Extracting secret keys from integrated circuits,” IEEE Transactions on VLSI Systems, vol. 13, no. 10, pp. 1200–1205, 2005.
  • B. Gassend, D. Clarke, M. V. Dijk, S. Devadas, and D. Lim, “Identification and authentication of integrated circuits,” Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience, vol. 16, no. 11, pp. 1077– 1098, 2004.
  • B. Gassend, D. Clarke, M. V. Dijk, and S. Devadas, “Delay-based circuit authentication and applications,” in ACM Symposium on Applied Computing, 2003, pp. 294–301.
  • J. W. Lee, D. Lim, B. Gassend, G. E. Suh, M. Dijk, and S. Devadas, “A technique to build a secret key in integrated circuits for identification and authentication applications,” in Symposium On VLSl Circuits Digest of Technical Papers, 2004.
  • B. Gassend, “Physical random functions,” M.S. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts, 2003.
  • A. Bellaouar and M. Elmasry, Low-Power Digital VLSI Design. Circuits and Systems, 1st edn. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1995.
  • J. Guajardo, S. Kumar, G. Schrijen, and P. Tuyls, “FPGA intrinsic PUFs and their use for IP protection,” in 18th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference (CHES), vol. 4727, 2007, pp. 63–
  • P. Tuyls, G. J. Shrijen, B. Skoric, J. V. Geloven, N. Verhaegh, and R. Walters, “Read proof hardware from protective coatings,” in 18th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference (CHES), vol. 4249, 2006, pp. 369–383.
  • D. Suzuki and K. Shimizu, “The glitch PUF: A new delay-PUF architecture exploiting glitch shapes,” in Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems (CHES), 2010, pp. 366–382.
  • J. Guajardo, S. Kumar, R. Maes, G. Schrijen, and P. Tuyls, “
  • S. Goren, H. Ugurdag, A. Yildiz, and O. OÌ´Lzkurt, “FPGA design security with time division multiplexed pufs,” in International Conference on High Performance Computing and Simulation (HPCS), 2010, pp. 608–614.
  • J. Anderson, “A puf design for secure FPGA-based embedded systems,” in Design Automation Conference (ASP-DAC), 2010 15th Asia and South Pacific, 2010, pp. 1–6.
  • G. E. Suh and S. Devadas, “Physical unclonable functions for device authentication and secret key generation,” in Design Automation Conference (DAC), 2007, pp. 9–14. Note : G. Dündar was born in Istanbul in 1969. He obtained his BS and MS degrees from Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey in 1989 and 1991, respectively, and his PhD from Rensselaer Poly- technic Institute, NY in 1993, all in Electrical Engineering. He has been lecturing at Bogazici University since Spring 1994, teaching courses on Electronics, Electronics Lab, IC Design, Elec- tronic Design Automation, and Semiconductor Devices. He has also given lectures at the Turkish Air Force Academy in Spring 1994 on Computer
  • Networks. During the period August 1994 - November 1995, he was with the Turkish Navy and taught courses on Electronics, Electronics Lab, and Signals and Systems at the Turkish Naval Academy. He was with EPFL, Switzerland between September 2002 and June 2003, and with Technical University of Munich in the Spring of 2010, on sabbatical leave from Bogazici University. He has been holding the professor title since March 2002. He has received several awards, including the nationwide research encouragement award from TUBITAK. He is the author/co-author of more than 100 technical papers in international journals and conferences. Research interests: Analog IC design and electronic design automation.
  • G. Komurcu received his BS degree from Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey in 2005 on
  • Micro- electronics and his MS degree from Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey in 2008 on Electri- cal Engineering. His PhD is still continuing at Bogazici University. He is currently working at TUBITAK since 2005 as a chief design engineer on VLSI design. His research interests include digital design and mixed-signal design.
  • A. E. Pusane received the B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees in electronics and communications engineering from Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey, in 1999 and 2002, respectively, and the M.Sc. degree in electrical engineering, the M.Sc. degree in applied mathematics, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, in 2004, 2006, and 2008, respectively. He was a
  • Visiting Assistant Professor at the Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, during 2008-2009, after which he joined the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey, as an
  • Assistant Professor. His research is in coding theory.
Year 2013, Volume: 13 Issue: 2, 1647 - 1652, 25.12.2013

Abstract

References

  • R. S. Pappu, “Physical one-way functions.” Ph.D. dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts, 2001.
  • R. S. Pappu, B. Recht, J. Taylor, and N. Gershenfeld, “Physical oneway functions,” Science, vol. 297, no. 6, pp. 2026–2030, 2002.
  • K. Kursawe, A. Sadeghi, D. Schellekens, B. Skoric, and P. Tuyls, “Reconfigurable physical unclonable functions - enabling technology for tamper-resistant storage,” in IEEE International Workshop on Hardware Oriented Security and Trust (HOST), 2009, pp. 22–29.
  • B. Gassend, D. Clarke, M. van Dijk, and S. Devadas, “Silicon pysical random functions,” in ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS), 2002, pp. 148–160.
  • B. Gassend, D. Clarke, M. Dijk, and S. Devadas, “Controlled physical random functions,” in 18th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference (ACSAC), 2002.
  • C. Yin and G. Qu, “LISA: Maximizing RO-PUF’s secret extraction,” in IEEE International Symposium on Hardware Oriented Security and Trust (HOST), 2010, pp. 100–105.
  • G. Komurcu, A. E. Pusane, and G. Dundar, “Dynamic programming based grouping method for RO-PUFs,” in 9th Conference on Ph. D. Research in Microelectronics and Electronics (PRIME), 2013, accepted for publication.
  • D. Lim, J. Lee, B. Gasend, G.E.Suh, M. V. Dijk, and S. Devadas, “Extracting secret keys from integrated circuits,” IEEE Transactions on VLSI Systems, vol. 13, no. 10, pp. 1200–1205, 2005.
  • B. Gassend, D. Clarke, M. V. Dijk, S. Devadas, and D. Lim, “Identification and authentication of integrated circuits,” Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience, vol. 16, no. 11, pp. 1077– 1098, 2004.
  • B. Gassend, D. Clarke, M. V. Dijk, and S. Devadas, “Delay-based circuit authentication and applications,” in ACM Symposium on Applied Computing, 2003, pp. 294–301.
  • J. W. Lee, D. Lim, B. Gassend, G. E. Suh, M. Dijk, and S. Devadas, “A technique to build a secret key in integrated circuits for identification and authentication applications,” in Symposium On VLSl Circuits Digest of Technical Papers, 2004.
  • B. Gassend, “Physical random functions,” M.S. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts, 2003.
  • A. Bellaouar and M. Elmasry, Low-Power Digital VLSI Design. Circuits and Systems, 1st edn. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1995.
  • J. Guajardo, S. Kumar, G. Schrijen, and P. Tuyls, “FPGA intrinsic PUFs and their use for IP protection,” in 18th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference (CHES), vol. 4727, 2007, pp. 63–
  • P. Tuyls, G. J. Shrijen, B. Skoric, J. V. Geloven, N. Verhaegh, and R. Walters, “Read proof hardware from protective coatings,” in 18th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference (CHES), vol. 4249, 2006, pp. 369–383.
  • D. Suzuki and K. Shimizu, “The glitch PUF: A new delay-PUF architecture exploiting glitch shapes,” in Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems (CHES), 2010, pp. 366–382.
  • J. Guajardo, S. Kumar, R. Maes, G. Schrijen, and P. Tuyls, “
  • S. Goren, H. Ugurdag, A. Yildiz, and O. OÌ´Lzkurt, “FPGA design security with time division multiplexed pufs,” in International Conference on High Performance Computing and Simulation (HPCS), 2010, pp. 608–614.
  • J. Anderson, “A puf design for secure FPGA-based embedded systems,” in Design Automation Conference (ASP-DAC), 2010 15th Asia and South Pacific, 2010, pp. 1–6.
  • G. E. Suh and S. Devadas, “Physical unclonable functions for device authentication and secret key generation,” in Design Automation Conference (DAC), 2007, pp. 9–14. Note : G. Dündar was born in Istanbul in 1969. He obtained his BS and MS degrees from Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey in 1989 and 1991, respectively, and his PhD from Rensselaer Poly- technic Institute, NY in 1993, all in Electrical Engineering. He has been lecturing at Bogazici University since Spring 1994, teaching courses on Electronics, Electronics Lab, IC Design, Elec- tronic Design Automation, and Semiconductor Devices. He has also given lectures at the Turkish Air Force Academy in Spring 1994 on Computer
  • Networks. During the period August 1994 - November 1995, he was with the Turkish Navy and taught courses on Electronics, Electronics Lab, and Signals and Systems at the Turkish Naval Academy. He was with EPFL, Switzerland between September 2002 and June 2003, and with Technical University of Munich in the Spring of 2010, on sabbatical leave from Bogazici University. He has been holding the professor title since March 2002. He has received several awards, including the nationwide research encouragement award from TUBITAK. He is the author/co-author of more than 100 technical papers in international journals and conferences. Research interests: Analog IC design and electronic design automation.
  • G. Komurcu received his BS degree from Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey in 2005 on
  • Micro- electronics and his MS degree from Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey in 2008 on Electri- cal Engineering. His PhD is still continuing at Bogazici University. He is currently working at TUBITAK since 2005 as a chief design engineer on VLSI design. His research interests include digital design and mixed-signal design.
  • A. E. Pusane received the B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees in electronics and communications engineering from Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey, in 1999 and 2002, respectively, and the M.Sc. degree in electrical engineering, the M.Sc. degree in applied mathematics, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, in 2004, 2006, and 2008, respectively. He was a
  • Visiting Assistant Professor at the Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, during 2008-2009, after which he joined the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey, as an
  • Assistant Professor. His research is in coding theory.
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Giray Kömürcü

Ali Pusane This is me

Günhan Dündar

Publication Date December 25, 2013
Published in Issue Year 2013 Volume: 13 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Kömürcü, G., Pusane, A., & Dündar, G. (2013). A RING OSCILLATOR BASED PUF IMPLEMENTATION ON FPGA. IU-Journal of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, 13(2), 1647-1652.
AMA Kömürcü G, Pusane A, Dündar G. A RING OSCILLATOR BASED PUF IMPLEMENTATION ON FPGA. IU-Journal of Electrical & Electronics Engineering. December 2013;13(2):1647-1652.
Chicago Kömürcü, Giray, Ali Pusane, and Günhan Dündar. “A RING OSCILLATOR BASED PUF IMPLEMENTATION ON FPGA”. IU-Journal of Electrical & Electronics Engineering 13, no. 2 (December 2013): 1647-52.
EndNote Kömürcü G, Pusane A, Dündar G (December 1, 2013) A RING OSCILLATOR BASED PUF IMPLEMENTATION ON FPGA. IU-Journal of Electrical & Electronics Engineering 13 2 1647–1652.
IEEE G. Kömürcü, A. Pusane, and G. Dündar, “A RING OSCILLATOR BASED PUF IMPLEMENTATION ON FPGA”, IU-Journal of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 1647–1652, 2013.
ISNAD Kömürcü, Giray et al. “A RING OSCILLATOR BASED PUF IMPLEMENTATION ON FPGA”. IU-Journal of Electrical & Electronics Engineering 13/2 (December 2013), 1647-1652.
JAMA Kömürcü G, Pusane A, Dündar G. A RING OSCILLATOR BASED PUF IMPLEMENTATION ON FPGA. IU-Journal of Electrical & Electronics Engineering. 2013;13:1647–1652.
MLA Kömürcü, Giray et al. “A RING OSCILLATOR BASED PUF IMPLEMENTATION ON FPGA”. IU-Journal of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, vol. 13, no. 2, 2013, pp. 1647-52.
Vancouver Kömürcü G, Pusane A, Dündar G. A RING OSCILLATOR BASED PUF IMPLEMENTATION ON FPGA. IU-Journal of Electrical & Electronics Engineering. 2013;13(2):1647-52.