In vitro investigation of Sorbus domestica as an enzyme inhibitor

Abstract

Background and Aims: Finding new therapeutic enzyme inhibitors by investigating especially medicinal plants is an important research area. The fruits and leaves of Sorbus domestica (service tree) are used as food and folk remedies due to astringent, antidiabetic, diuretic, antiinflammatory, antiatherogenic, antidiarrhoeal, vasoprotective, and vasorelaxant activities, and also used commercially as a vitamin and antioxidant. In this study, the therapeutic effect of S. domestica against diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, aging, and hyperuricemia was investigated. Methods: α-Glucosidase, α-amylase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), elastase and xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activities of the fruit extract from S. domestica were measured. Results: The extract showed inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase, α-amylase, BChE, elastase, and XO whereas AChE inhibitory activity of the extract could not be determined. Moreover, the inhibition effects of the extract against α-glucosidase and elastase were more effective than the standard drugs acarbose and ursolic acid, respectively. Conclusion: S. domestica can be evaluated as a potential source for a new therapeutic agent.

Keywords

• α-glucosidase,α-amylase,acetylcholinesterase,butyrylcholinesterase,elastase,xanthine oxidase

References

1. • Ali, H., Houghton, P. J., & Soumyanath, A. (2006). α-Amylase inhibitory activity of some Malaysian plants used to treat diabetes; with particular reference to Phyllanthus amarus. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 107(3), 449–455.
2. • Azmi, N., Hashim, P., Hashim, D. M., Halimoon, N., & Majid, N. M. N. (2014). Anti-elastase, anti-tyrosinase and matrix metalloproteinase-1 inhibitory activity of earthworm extracts as potential new anti-aging agent. Asian Pacific Journal Tropical Biomedicine, 4, 348–352.
3. • Balbaa, M., & El Ashry, E. S. H. (2012). Enzyme inhibitors as therapeutic tools. Biochemistry and Physiology, 1(2), 1–8.
4. • Balkan, İ. A., Doğan, H. T., Zengin, G., Colak, N., Ayaz, F. A., Gören, A. C., ... & Yeşilada, E. (2018). Enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant activities of Nerium oleander L. flower extracts and activity guided isolation of the active components. Industrial Crops and Products, 112, 24–31.
5. • Baytop, T. (1999). Therapy with medicinal plants in Turkey past and present (2nd ed.). Istanbul, Turkey: Nobel Tıp Kitapevi.
6. • Boath, A. S., Stewart, D., & McDougall, G. J. (2012). Berry components inhibit α-glucosidase in vitro: Synergies between acarbose and polyphenols from black currant and rowanberry. Food Chemistry, 135(3), 929–936.
7. • Boran, R. (2018). Investigations of anti-aging potential of Hypericum origanifolium Willd. for skincare formulations. Industrial Crops and Products, 118, 290–295.
8. • Bothon, F. T., Debiton, E., Avlessi, F., Forestier, C., Teulade, J. C., & Sohounhloue, D. K. (2013). In vitro biological effects of two antidiabetic medicinal plants used in Benin as folk medicine. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 13(1), 51.

9. • Broholm, S. L., Gramsbergen, S. M., Nyberg, N. T., Jäger, A. K., & Staerk, D. (2019). Potential of Sorbus berry extracts for management of type 2 diabetes: Metabolomics investigation of 1H NMR spectra, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities, and in vivo anti-hyperglycaemic activity of S. norvegica. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 242, 112061.
10. • Brus, R., Ballian, D., Bogunić, F., Bobinac, M., & IdžOjtić, M. (2011). Leaflet morphometric variation of service tree (Sorbus domestica L.) in the Balkan Peninsula. Plant Biosystems, 145(2), 278–285.
11. • Ellman, G. L., Courtney, K. D., Andres Jr, V., & Featherstone, R. M. (1961). A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity. Biochemical Pharmacology, 7(2), 88–95.
12. • Fotakis, C., Tsigrimani, D., Tsiaka, T., Lantzouraki, D. Z., Strati, I. F., Makris, C., ... & Zoumpoulakis, P. (2016). Metabolic and antioxidant profiles of herbal infusions and decoctions. Food Chemistry, 211, 963–971.
13. • Gülçin, İ., Scozzafava, A., Supuran, C. T., Akıncıoğlu, H., Koksal, Z., Turkan, F., & Alwasel, S. (2016). The effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on metabolic enzymes including acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, glutathione S-transferase, lactoperoxidase, and carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes I, II, IX, and XII. Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 31(6), 1095–1101.
14. • Harrad, L., & Amine, A. (2016). Amperometric biosensor based on prussian blue and nafion modified screen-printed electrode for screening of potential xanthine oxidase inhibitors from medicinal plants. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 85, 57–63.
15. • Hasbal, G., Yilmaz-Ozden, T., & Can, A. (2017). In vitro antidiabetic activities of two Sorbus species. Eurpean Journal of Biology, 76(2), 57–60.
16. • Hasbal, G., Yilmaz-Ozden, T., & Can, A. (2015). Antioxidant and antiacetylcholinesterase activities of Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz (wild service tree) fruits. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 23(1), 57–62.
17. • Ivanov, S. A., Garbuz, S. A., Malfanov, I. L., & Ptitsyn, L. R. (2013). Screening of Russian medicinal and edible plant extracts for angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE I) inhibitory activity. Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry, 39(7), 743–749.
18. • Kalckar, H. M., & Shafran, M. (1947). Differential spectrophotometry of purine compounds by means of specific enzymes. 1. Determination of hydroxypurine compounds. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 167, 429–443.
19. • Kültür, Ş. (2007). Medicinal plants used in Kırklareli Province (Turkey). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 111(2), 341–364.
20. • Matczak, M., Marchelak, A., Michel, P., Owczarek, A., Piszczan, A., Kolodziejczyk-Czepas, J. ... & Olszewska, M. A. (2018). Sorbus domestica L. leaf extracts as functional products: Phytochemical profiling, cellular safety, pro-inflammatory enzymes inhibition and protective effects against oxidative stress in vitro. Journal of Functional Foods, 40, 207–218.
21. • McDougall, G. J., Kulkarni, N. N., & Stewart, D. (2009). Berry polyphenols inhibit pancreatic lipase activity in vitro. Food Chemistry, 115(1), 193–199.
22. • Moon, J. Y., Yim, E. Y., Song, G., Lee, N. H., & Hyun, C. G. (2010). Screening of elastase and tyrosinase inhibitory activity from Jeju Island plants. Eurasian Journal of Biosciences, 4(4), 41–53.
23. • Mrkonjić, Z. O., Nađpal, J. D., Beara, I. N., Aleksić-Sabo, V. S., Četojević-Simin, D. D., Mimica-Dukić, N. M., & Lesjak, M. M. (2017). Phenolic profiling and bioactivities of fresh fruits and jam of Sorbus species. Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, 82(6), 651–664.
24. • Oboh, G., Ogunsuyi, O. B., Ogunbadejo, M. D., & Adefegha, S. A. (2016). Influence of gallic acid on α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory properties of acarbose. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 24(3), 627–634.
25. • Olszewska, M. A., Kolodziejczyk-Czepas, J., Rutkowska, M., Magiera, A., Michel, P., Rejman, M. W., ... & Owczarek, A. (2019). The effect of standardised flower extracts of Sorbus aucuparia L. on proinflammatory enzymes, multiple oxidants, and oxidative/nitrative damage of human plasma components in vitro. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/9746358.
26. • Olszewska, M. A., & Michel, P. (2009). Antioxidant activity of inflorescences, leaves and fruits of three Sorbus species in relation to their polyphenolic composition. Natural Product Research, 23(16), 1507–1521.
27. • Ozsoy, N., Yilmaz-Ozden, T., Serbetci, T., Kultur, S., & Akalin, E. (2017). Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, acetylcholinesterase and thioredoxin reductase inhibitory activities of nine selected Turkish medicinal plants. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 16(4), 553–561.
28. • Ölschläger, C., Milde, J., Schempp, H., Treutter, D. (2004). Polyphenols and antioxidant capacity of Sorbus domestica L. fruits. Angewandte Botanik, 78(2),112–116.
29. • Shukla, S., Park, J., Park, J. H., Lee, J. S., & Kim, M. (2017). Development of novel Meju starter culture using plant extracts with reduced Bacillus cereus counts and enhanced functional properties. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 11409.
30. • Termentzi, A., Kefalas, P., & Kokkalou, E. (2006). Antioxidant activities of various extracts and fractions of Sorbus domestica fruit at different maturity stages. Food Chemistry, 98(4), 599–608.
31. • Termentzi, A., Kefalas, P., & Kokkalou, E. (2008). LC-DAD-MS (ESI+) analysis of the phenolic content of Sorbus domestica fruits in relation to their maturity stage. Food Chemistry, 106(3), 1234–1245.
32. • Türkan, F., Huyut, Z., Taslimi, P., & Gülçin, İ. (2019). The effects of some antibiotics from cephalosporin groups on the acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase enzymes activities in different tissues of rats. Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 125(1), 12–18.
33. • Vafadarnejad, F., Mahdavi, M., Karimpour-Razkenari, E., Edraki, N., Sameem, B., Khanavi, M. ... & Akbarzadeh, T. (2018). Design and synthesis of novel coumarin-pyridinium hybrids: In vitro cholinesterase inhibitory activity. Bioorganic Chemistry, 77, 311–319.
34. • Wang, Y., Zhang, G., Pan, J., & Gong, D. (2015). Novel insights into the inhibitory mechanism of kaempferol on xanthine oxidase. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 63(2), 526–534.