Chemical constituent of Isochrysis galbana microalgae extract and its cytotoxic activities on leukemic cell lines

Year 2022, Volume: 52 Issue: 1, 64 - 68, 28.04.2022

Belkis Atasever Arslan Kaan Yılancıoğlu Seda Kuşoğlu Gültekin İrem Gülfem Albayrak

https://doi.org/10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2022.1057338

Abstract

Background and Aims: This study was aimed to investigate the anti-cancer effect of Isochrysis galbana microalgae extract. Methods: In the study, the chemical composition of Isochrysis galbana microalgae extract was analyzed, and its cytotoxic effect against K562, HL60, U937, MOLT-4, and Raji cancer cells was investigated. ECV304 endothelial cells were used as a healthy cell line for the understanding of its selective cytotoxicity. To determine the effects of Isochrysis galbana extract, an MTT cytotoxicity assay was performed.
Results: According to the results of the experiments, the highest cytotoxic effect of Isochrysis galbana microalgae extract was shown at about 24.07±6.48% cytotoxicity against Raji cells. There were a large number of bioactive molecules in the ex- tract, and these molecules showed a specific response to Raji cells when considering the synergistic and antagonistic effects of these molecules on each other.
Conclusion: According to the results of GC-MS analysis of Isochrysis galbana microalgae extract, the most intense molecules in the content were Dodecanoic acid, 3-hydroxy- (CAS) Beta-Hydroxy Dodecanoic Acid, and Propanoic acid, 2-methyl-, 1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2-methyl-1,3-isonide. The investigation of the effect of these molecules specifically against Raji cells is important to determine the possible anti-leukemic molecules and their combinations that show cytotoxicity against this cell line.

Keywords

Microalgae, Cancer, Cytotoxicity, GC-MS

Supporting Institution

TUBITAK 3501 Career Project

Project Number

Project No: 113S251

References

• Arslan, B.A., Isik, F.B., Gur, H., Ozen, F., & Catal, T. (2017). Apoptotic effect of Nigella sativa on human lymphoma U937 cells. Phar- macognosy Magazine, 13(3), 628-632. https://doi.org/10.4103/ PM.PM_93_17
• Barata, J.T., Silva, A., Brandao, J.G., Nadler, L. M., Cardoso, A.A., & Boussiotis, V. A. (2004). Activation of PI3K is indispensable for interleukin 7-mediated viability, proliferation, glucose use, and growth of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. The Journal of Experimental Medicine, 200(5), 659–669. https://doi.org/10.1084/ JEM.20040789
• Batista, A.P., Gouveia, L., Bandarra, N.M., Franco, J.M., & Raymundo,A. (2013). Comparison of microalgal biomass profiles as novel functional ingredient for food products. Algal Research, 2(2), 164– 173. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ALGAL.2013.01.004
• Bechelli, J., Coppage, M., Rosell, K., & Liesveld, J. (2011). Cy- totoxicity of algae extracts on normal and malignant cells. Leukemia Research and Treatment, 2011, 1–7. https://doi. org/10.4061/2011/373519
• Becker, E. W. (2003). Microalgae for human and animal nutrition. Amos Richmond (Eds.), Handbook of Microalgal Culture: Applied Phycology and Biotechnology(pp. 461–503).New Jersey: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118567166.CH25
• Ferdous, U.T., Norhana, Z., & Yusof, B. (2021). Algal terpenoids: A po- tential source of antioxidants for cancer therapy. Frontiers in Phar- macology, 12, 1-22.https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.94122
• Folmer, F., Jaspars, M., Solano, G., Cristofanon, S., Henry, E., Tabu- dravu, J. … Diederich, M. (2009). The inhibition of TNF-alpha- induced NF-kappaB activation by marine natural products. Bio- chemical Pharmacology, 78(6), 592–606. https://doi.org/10.1016/J. BCP.2009.05.009
• Gamal-Eldeen, A.M., Ahmed, E.F., & Abo-Zeid, M.A. (2009). In vitro cancer chemopreventive properties of polysaccharide extract from the brown alga, Sargassum latifolium. Food and Chemical Toxicology : An International Journal Published for the British Indus- trial Biological Research Association, 47(6), 1378–1384. https://doi. org/10.1016/J.FCT.2009.03.016
• Hafsa, M.B., Ismail, M.B., Garrab, M., Aly, R., Gagnon, J., & Naghmou- chi, K. (2017). Antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic and anticho- linesterase activities of water-soluble polysaccharides extracted from microalgae Isochrysis galbana and Nannochloropsis oculata. Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, 82(5), 509–522. https://doi. org/10.2298/JSC161016036B
• Harada, H., & Kamei, Y. (1997). Selective cytotoxicity of marine al- gae extracts to several human leukemic cell lines. Cytotechnology, 25(1–3), 213-219. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007987010840
• Ho, Y.S., Yu, M.S., Lai, C.S. W., So, K.F., Yuen, W.H., & Chang, R.C.C. (2007). Characterizing the neuroprotective effects of alkaline extract of Lycium barbarum on beta-amyloid peptide neurotox- icity. Brain Research, 1158(1), 123–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BRAINRES.2007.04.075
• Ishikawa, C., Tafuku, S., Kadekaru, T., Sawada, S., Tomita, M., Okudai- ra, T. … Mori, N. (2008). Anti-adult T-cell leukemia effects of brown algae fucoxanthin and its deacetylated product, fucoxanthinol. International Journal of Cancer, 123(11), 2702–2712. https://doi. org/10.1002/IJC.23860
• Karawajew, L., Ruppert, V., Wuchter, C., Kösser, A., Schrappe, M., Dörken, B., & Ludwig, W.D. (2000). Inhibition of in vitro spontane- ous apoptosis by IL-7 correlates with Bcl-2 up-regulation, corti- cal/mature immunophenotype, and better early cytoreduction of childhood T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood, 96(1), 297–306. https://doi.org/10.1182/BLOOD.V96.1.297
• Kaya, B., Atasever-Arslan, B., Kalkan, Z., Gür, H., & Ülküseven, B. (2016). Apoptotic mechanisms of nickel(II) complex with N1- acetylacetone-N4- 4-methoxy-salicylidene-S-allyl-thiosemicar- bazone on HL60 leukemia Cells. General Physiology and Biophysics, 35(4), 451–458. https://doi.org/10.4149/GPB_2016006A
• Kotake-Nara, E., Terasaki, M., & Nagao, A. (2005). Characterization of apoptosis induced by fucoxanthin in human promyelocytic leukemia cells. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 69(1), 224–227. https://doi.org/10.1271/BBB.69.224
• Kuşoğlu Gültekin, S. (2020). Deniz ürünleri kaynaklı paralitik ze- hirlenme [Paralytic poisoning from marine products]. Menba Kastamonu Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(2), 95–99. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/menba/issue/58758/795218
• Kwon, M.J., & Nam, T.J. (2007). A polysaccharide of the marine alga Capsosiphon fulvescens induces apoptosis in AGS gastric cancer cells via an IGF-IR-mediated PI3K/Akt pathway. Cell Biology Interna- tional, 31(8), 768–775. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CELLBI.2007.01.010
• Machana, S., Weerapreeyakul, N., Barusrux, S., Thumanu, K., & Tan- thanuch, W. (2012). Synergistic anticancer effect of the extracts from Polyalthia evecta caused apoptosis in human hepatoma (HepG2) cells. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2(8), 589-596. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(12)60103-8
• Matos, J., Cardoso, C., Gomes, A., Campos, A.M., Falé, P., Afonso, C., & Bandarra, N.M. (2019). Bioprospection of Isochrysis galbana and its potential as a nutraceutical. Food & Function, 10(11), 7333– 7342. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9FO01364D
• Mayer, A.M.S., & Gustafson, K.R. (2004). Marine pharmacology in 2001- 2: Antitumour and cytotoxic compounds. European Journal of Can- cer, 40(18), 2676–2704. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EJCA.2004.09.005
• Paul, N.A., De Nys, R., & Steinberg, P.D. (2006). Chemical defence against bacteria in the red alga Asparagopsis armata: Linking structure with function. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 306, 87– 101. https://doi.org/10.3354/MEPS306087
• Richmond, A. (2003). The microalgal cell,. Amos Richmond (Eds.), Handbook of Microalgal Culture: Applied Phycology and Biotechnology(pp. 1-19).New Jersey: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470995280
• Sadovskaya, I., Souissi, A., Souissi, S., Grard, T., Lencel, P., Greene, C.M. … Usov, A. I. (2014). Chemical structure and biological activ- ity of a highly branched (1 → 3,1 → 6)-β-d-glucan from Isochry- sis galbana.Carbohydrate Polymers, 111, 139–148. https://doi. org/10.1016/J.CARBPOL.2014.04.077
• Samarakoon, K., & Jeon, Y.J. (2012). Bio-functionalities of proteins derived from marine algae.. Food Research International, 48(2), 948–960. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FOODRES.2012.03.013
• Sánchez, S., Martínez, M.E., & Espinola, F. (2000). Biomass production and biochemical variability of the marine microalga Isochrysis gal- bana in relation to culture medium. Biochemical Engineering Jour- nal, 6(1), 13–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1369-703X(00)00071-1
• Zandi, K., Tajbakhsh, S., Nabipour, I., Rastian, Z., Yousefi, F., Shara- fian, S., & Sartavi, K. (2010). In vitro antitumor activity of Gracilaria corticata (a red alga) against jurkat and molt-4 human cancer cell lines. African Journal of Biotechnology, 9(40), 6787–6790. https:// doi.org/10.5897/AJB10.602