Kadın Akademisyenlerde Politik Becerinin Iş-Aile Çatışması ve Aile-Iş Çatışması Üzerine Etkisi: Vakıf Üniversiteleri Örneği

Abstract

Günümüzde politik beceri, örgüt çalışanlarının iş ve kariyer açısından başarı elde etmeleri için olumlu bir güç şeklinde tanımlanmaktadır. Politik becerisi gelişmiş olan örgüt çalışanlarının, örgütte ortaya çıkan değişikliklere karşı hızlı bir şekilde uyum göstermeleri, diğerlerinin güvenini sağlayabilmeleri ve sonucunda bireysel hedeflere ulaşabilmeleri kolaylaşrmaktadır. Bu tarz kişilik sahibi çalışanlar, iş-yaşam dengesini sağlamada da başarı elde ederler, iş-aile ve aile-iş çatışmalarında politik becerileri sayesinde etkili çözümler üretebilme kabiliyeti geliştirirler. Bu çalışmanın amacı, İstanbul’da hizmet veren vakıf üniversitesi kadın öğretim üyelerinin politik beceri düzeylerinin iş-yaşam dengesinin ana unsuru olan iş-aile ve aile-iş çatışması üzerindeki etkilerini ortaya koymaktır. Regresyon analizi sonucunda, politik beceri 1 br. arttığında iş-aile çatışması 0.382 br. azalmakta ve aile-iş çatışması 0.426 br. azalmaktadır.

Keywords

• Politik Beceri
• İş-Aile Çatışması
• Aile-İş Çatışması
• Kadın Akademisyenler

The Effect of Women Academics’ Political Skill on Work-Family Conflict and Family-Work Conflict: The Case of Foundation Universities

Abstract

Today, political skill is defined as a positive power for the employees of an organization to achieve success in terms of business and career. Employees who develop political skills quickly adapt to changes in the workplace, gain the trust of other employees, and therefore, more easily achieve personal goals. Employees with such personalities also have more success in maintaining a work-life balance and in producing effective solutions in work-family and family-work conflicts as a result of their political skills. The purpose of this study is to assess the effects of the political skill levels of female academics serving in Istanbul foundation universities on their work-family and family-work conflict, which is the main element of work-life balance. As a result of the regression analysis, when an employee’s political skill increased by 1.0 unit, their work-family conflict decreased by 0.382 units and their family-work conflict declined by 0.426 units.

Keywords

• Political Skill
• Work-Family Conflict
• Family-Work Conflict
• Women Academics

References

1. Ahearn, K. K., Ferris, G. R., Hochwarter, W. A., Douglas, C. & Ammeter, A. P. (2004). Leader Political Skill And Team Performance. Journal of Management, 30(3), 309-327.
2. Ahuja, M. K., Mcknight, D. H., Chudoba, K. M, George, J. F., Kacmar, C. J. (2007). It Road Warriors: Balancing Work-Family Conflict, Job Autonomy, and Work Overload To Mitigate Turnover Intentions, MIS Quarterly, 31(1), 1-17.
3. Allen, T. D., Herst, D. E. L., Bruck, C. S. & Sutton, M. (2000). Consequences Associated with Work-to Family Conflict: A Review and Agenda for Future Research, Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5(2), 278-308.
4. Brouer, R. L., Douglas, C., Treadway, D. C. & Ferris, G. F. (2012). Leader Political Skill, Relationship Quality, And Leadership Effectiveness: A Two-Study Model Test And Constructive Replication. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 20(10), 1-14.
5. Buchanan, D. A. & Badham, R. J. (2008). Power, Politics, and Organizational Change: Winning the Turf Game, Second Edition. London: Sage Pbc.
6. Byron, K. (2005). A Meta-Analytic Review of Work-Family Conflict and its Antecedents, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 67(2), 169-198.
7. Cinamon, R. G., Rich, Y. & Westman, M. (2007). Teachers’Occupations-Specific Work-Family Conflict, The Career Development Quarterly, 55(3), 249-261.
8. Cole, P. L. & Curtis, J. W. (2004). Academic Work and Family Responsibility: A Balancing https://www.sciencemag.org/careers/2004/01/academic-work-and-family-responsibility-balancing-act, (Erişim Tarihi:11.09.2020).

9. Davis, P. E. & Peake, W. O. (2014). The Influence Of Political Skill And Emotional Intelligence On Student Entrepreneurial Intentions: An Empirical Analysis. Small Business Institute Journal, 10(2), 19-34.
10. Doherty, L. & Manfredi, S. (2006). Action Research To Develop Work-Life Balance in a UK University. Women in Management Review, 21(3), 241-259.
11. Donald, F. & Linington, J. (2015). Work/Family Border Theory and Gender Role Orientation. South African Journal of Psychology, 38(4), 659-671.
12. Edwards, J. R. & Rothbard, N. P. (2000). Mechanisms Linking Work and Family: Clarifiying the Relationship Between Work and Family Constructs. Academy of Management Review, 25(1), 178-199.
13. Ferris, G. R., Berkson, H. M. Kaplan, D. M., Gilmore, D. C., Buckley, M. R., Hochwarter, W. A. & Witt, L. A. (1999). Development And Initial Validation Of The Political Skill Inventory. Paper presented at the Academy of Management, 59th Annual National Meeting, Chicago.
14. Ferris, G. R., Treadway, D. C., Kolodinsky, R. W., Hochwarter, W. A., Kacmar, C, J., Douglas, C. & Frink, D. D. (2005). Development And Validation Of The Political Skill Inventory. Journal of Management, 31(1), 126-152.
15. Ferris, G. R., Treadway, D. C., Perrewé, P. L., Brouer, R. L., Douglas, C. & Lux, S. (2007). Political Skill in Organizations. Journal of Management, 33(3), 290-320.
16. Ferris, G. R., Blickle, G., Schneider, P. B., Kramer, J., Zettler, I., Solga, J., & Meurs, J. A. (2008). Political Skill Construct And Criterion-Related Validation: A Two-Study Investigation. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 23(7), 744-771.
17. Frone, M. R. & Cooper, M. L. (1992). Prevalence of Work-Family Conflict: Are Work and Family Boundraies Asymmetrically Permeable?, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 13(7), 723-729.
18. Grandey, A. A., Corderio, B. L. & Crouter, A. C. (2005). A Longitudinal and Multi-source Test of the Work-Family Conflict and Job Satisfaction Relationship. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 78(1), 1-20.
19. Greenhaus, J. H., Collins, K. M. & Shaw, J. D. (2003). The Relation Between Work-Family Balance and Quality of Life. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 63(1), 510-531.
20. Haar, J. M., Roche, M. & Taylor, D. (2012). Work-Family Conflict and Turnover Intentions of Indigenous Employees: The Importance of the Whanau/Family for Maori. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 23(12), 2546-2560.
21. Higgins, C. A. & Duxbury L. E. (1992). Work-Family Conflict: A Comparison of Dual-Career and Traditional-Career Men. Journal of Organizational Behavior,13(4), 389-411.
22. Ilies, R., De Pater, I. E., Lim, S. & Binnewies, C. (2012). Attributed Causes for Work-Family Conflict: Emotional and Behavioral Outcomes. Organizational Psychology Review, 2(4), 293-310.
23. Kinnunen, U., Geurts, S. & Mauno, S. (2004). Work-to-Family Conflict and its Relationship With Satisfaction and Well-Being: A One-Year Longitudinal Study on Gender Differences. Work & Stres, 18(1), 1-22.
24. Kossek, E. E. & Lautsch, B. (2012). Work-Family Boundary Management Styles in Organizations: A Cross-Level Model. Organizational Psychology Review, 2(1), 152-171.
25. Lvina, E., Maher, L. P. & Harris, J. N. (2016). Political Skill, Trust And Efficiancy in Teams. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 24(1), 95-105.
26. Maxerolle, S. & Barrett, J. L. (2018). Work-Life Balance in Higher Education for Women: Perspectives of Athletic Training Faculty.Athletic Training Education Journal, 13(3), 248-258.
27. Meurs, J. A., Gallagher, V. C. & Perrewé, P. L. (2010). The Role Of Political Skill in The Stressor–Outcome Relationship: Differential Predictions For Self- And Otherreports Of Political Skill. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 76(1), 520-533.
28. Michel, J. S., Mitchelson, J. K., Pichler, S. & Cullen, K. L. (2010). Clarifying Relationships Among Work and Family Social Support, Stressors, And Work-Family Conflict. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 76(1), 91-104.
29. Mintzberg, H. (1983). The Organization as a Political Arena. Journal of Management Studies, 22(1), 133-154.
30. Misra, J., Lundquist, J. H. & Templer, A. (2012). Gender, Work, Time, And Care Responsibilities Among Faculty. Sociological Forum, 27(2), 300-323.
31. Netemeyer, R. G., James S. B. & Mcmurrian, R. (1996). Development And Validation Of Work-Family Conflict And Family-Work Conflict Scales. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(4), 400-410.
32. Noor, N. (2002). Work-Family Conflict, Locus of Control, and Women’s Well-Being: Tests of Alternative. The Journal of Social Psychology, 142(5), 645-662. ÖSYM. (2019). Öğretim Elemanı İstatistikleri. Yükseköğretim Bilgi Yönetim Sistemi: https://istatistik.yok.gov.tr/ (Erişim Tarihi:16.07.2020).
33. Parasuraman, S. & Simmers, C. A. (2001). Type of Employment, Work-Family Conflict and Well-Being: A Comparative Study. Journal of Organizational Behavior,22(5), 551-568.
34. Pfeffer, J. (1981). Power in Organizations. Boston: Pitman Pbc.
35. Sandberg, S. (2013). Lean In: Women, Work and the Will to Lead. 1st ed., New York: Knopf Pbc.
36. Santos, G. G. (2015). Narratives About Work And Family Life Among Portuguese Academics. Gender, Work & Organization, 22(1), 1-15.
37. Sezgin, F. H. ve Kınay, B. (2010). A Dynamic Factor Model for Evaluation of Financial Crises in Turkey, Bulletin De la Societe des Sciences Medicales, No: 1/10, 109-117.
38. Sezgin, F. H. (2016). Bayesci Faktör Analizi ve Maslach Tükenmişlik EnvanteriUygulaması, International Conference on Scientific Cooperation for the Future in the Social Sciences (USAK) Bildiriler Kitabı, 1283-1296.
39. Strachan, G., Troup, C., Peetz, D., Whitehouse, G., Broadbent, K. & Bailey, J. (2012). Work And Careers in Australian Universities: Report on Employee Survey. Queensland: Centre for Work, Organisation and Wellbeing, Griffith University Pbc.
40. Thomas, R. (1996). Gendered Cultures And Performance Appraisal: The Experience Of Women Academics. Gender, Work & Organization, 3(3), 143-155.
41. Thompson, G., Buch, R. & Kuvaas, B. (2017). Political skill, Participation in Decision-Making And Organizational Commitment. Personnel Review, 6(5), 740-79.
42. Toffoletti, K., & Starr, K. (2016). Women Academics and Work-Life Balance: Gendered Discourses of Work and Care. Gender, Work & Organization, 23(5), 489-504.
43. Trachtenberg, J. V., Anderson, S. A. & Sabatelli, R. M. (2009). Work-Home Conflict And Domestic Violence: A Test Of A Conceptual Model. Journal of Family Violence, 24(1), 471-483.
44. Voydanoff, P. (2005). Consequences of Boundary-Spanning Demands and Resources for Work-to-Family Conflict and Perceived Stres. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 10(4), 491-503.
45. Waters, M. & Bardoel, E. A. (2006). Work-Family Policies in The Context Of Higher Education: Useful or Symbolic?. Asia-Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 44(1), 67-82.
46. Westring, A. F. & Ryan, A. M. (2011). Anticipated Work-Family Conflict: A Construct Investigation. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 79(2), 596-610.