İSRAİL'İN GAZZE ABLUKASI VE MAVİ MARMARA SALDIRISI = (ISRAELI BLOCKADE OF GAZA AND THE ATTACK ON MAVİ MARMARA)

Year 2012, Volume: 32 Issue: 1, 103 - 154, 18.02.2013

Ahmet Topal

Abstract

İsrail tarafından abluka altında tutulan Gazze Şeridi'ne insanî yardım götürmek üzere organize edilen Gazze Yardım Filosuna yönelik olarak İsrail silahlı kuvvetlerince gerçekleştirilen saldırı neticesinde, dokuz Türk vatandaşı hayatını kaybetmiş ve pek çoğu da yaralanmıştır. En yakın sahil noktasına 72 mil, İsrail'in uyguladığı deniz abluka sahasına 64 mil uzakta uluslararası sularda gerçekleştirilen bu saldırı, uluslararası hukuk açısından birçok sorunu da beraberinde getirmiştir. Ablukayı ihlal ettikleri gerekçesiyle sivil yardım filosundaki gemilerin durdurulması, zor kullanmak suretiyle gemilere çıkılması ve sivillerin öldürülmesi pahasına içindeki yük ve yolcularla beraber gemilere el koyularak İsrail'e götürülmesi tartışılması gereken sorunlardan sadece bazılarıdır. Çalışmada, temel olarak açık denizde seyir halindeki yardım filosunu hedef alan bu saldırının hukukî yönden meşru bir uygulama olup olmadığı sorusu cevaplanmaya çalışılacaktır. Bu bağlamda öncelikle uluslararası hukuk açısından ablukanın tabi olduğu kurallar ve düzenlemeler ortaya koyulacak, ardından uygulanışı ve neden olduğu sonuçlar itibarıyla ablukanın uluslararası hukuka uygunluğu ele alınacaktır. Son olarak Gazze Ablukası çerçevesinde yardım filosuna yönelik saldırının hukukî meşruiyeti değerlendirilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Gazze Şeridi, İsrail, Hamas, Deniz Savaşı, Uluslararası Olmayan Silahlı Çatışma, Abluka, Mavi Marmara, Seyrüsefer Serbestisi, Uluslararası İnsancıl Hukuk

Abstract

Israel's attack on the Gaza Freedom Flotilla which was organized to deliver humanitarian aid to the Gaza Strip under blockade from Israel resulted in the death of nine Turkish citizens and the injury of many more. The attack, which was launched at a point that was 72 nautical miles off the nearest coast and 64 nautical miles off of the blockade area, carried highly questionable elements in terms of international law, among which are interception of the ships in the aid flotilla on the grounds that they violated the Gaza blockade, forceful boarding of the ships and taking control of the aid ships at the cost of killing civilians. This article aims primarily at answering the question of the legality of the Israeli attack on the aid flotilla in international waters. It first outlines the rules and regulations concerning blockade in international law and then assesses the legality of the blockade in the light of its enforcement and consequences. Subsequently, it evaluates the legality of the attack on the aid flotilla in the context of Israeli blockade of Gaza.

Keywords: Gaza Strip, Israel, Hamas, Naval Warfare, Non-International Armed Conflict, Blockade, Mavi Marmara, Freedom of Navigation, International Humanitarian Law

Keywords

Gazze Şeridi, İsrail, Hamas, Deniz Savaşı, Uluslarara

ISRAELI BLOCKADE OF GAZA AND THE ATTACK ON MAVI MARMARA

Abstract

Israel’s attack on the Gaza Freedom Flotilla which was organized to deliver
humanitarian aid to the Gaza Strip under blockade from Israel resulted in the
death of nine Turkish citizens and the injury of many more. The attack, which
was launched at a point that was 72 nautical miles off the nearest coast and 64
nautical miles off of the blockade area, carried highly questionable elements in
terms of international law, among which are interception of the ships in the aid
flotilla on the grounds that they violated the Gaza blockade, forceful boarding
of the ships and taking control of the aid ships at the cost of killing civilians.
This article aims primarily at answering the question of the legality of the Israeli
attack on the aid flotilla in international waters. It first outlines the rules
and regulations concerning blockade in international law and then assesses the
legality of the blockade in the light of its enforcement and consequences. Subsequently,
it evaluates the legality of the attack on the aid flotilla in the context
of Israeli blockade of Gaza

Keywords

Gaza Strip, Israel, Hamas, Naval Warfare, Non-International Armed Conflict, Blockade, Mavi Marmara, Freedom of Navigation, International Humanitarian Law

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