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Anadolu’dan bitki örnekleri toplamış olan arkeolog, antropolog ve diplomatlar

Year 2011, Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 81 - 100, 01.12.2011

Abstract

Bu çalışmamızda, botanik bilimi ile hiçbir ilişkisi olmayan mesleklerinin
izin verdiği oranda, Anadolu’nun belirli bir yöresinden topladıkları bitki
örneklerini ilgili bir herbaryuma vermiş, bu suretle Türkiye florası hakkındaki
bilgilerimizin ilerlemesine yardımcı olmuş kişileri tanımayı amaçladık.
Paul Émile Botta (1802-1870). İtalyan asıllı, Fransız uyruklu, hekim,
arkeolog, konsül, Paris Tabiat Tarihi Müzesi’nde gezgin-doğabilimci. Irak’taki
Asur harabelerini kazan ilk arkeologlardandır. Flora of Turkey’de,
Diyarbakır’dan toplanmış 3 örneği kayıtlıdır. Örnekleri P ve G’dedir. Frank
Calvert (1828-1908). İngiliz konsül ve arkeolog. Çanakkale’de yaşamıştır.
Calvert ailesinin en küçük oğludur. H.Schliemann’dan 20 yıl kadar evvel
Truva’da kazı yapmıştır. Çanakkale yöresinden topladığı bitki örneklerini B’ye
göndermiştir. B’de 700’den fazla örneği bulunduğu kayıtlıdır. Flora of Turkey
içine 30 kadarı girmiştir. F.Calvert’in Bursa ve Balıkesir’den de toplanmış
örnekleri vardır. 1859-1902 arasında arkeoloji, paleontoloji ve antropoloji
konularında yayımlanmış 20 kadar bilimsel makalesi vardır. Henry Hunter
Calvert (1816-1882). İngiliz konsül ve bitki toplayıcısı. Calvert ailesinin en
büyük oğludur. 1851-1857 arasında Erzurum’da konsüldür. Tek başına veya
konsolosluk görevlilerinden James Zohrab ile birlikte, Erzurum ve
yakınlarından önemli miktarda bitki örnekleri toplamıştır. Her iki tip toplamada,
toplanan örnek sayısı sırasıyla 1350 ve 1150 üzerindedir. H.Calvert Türkiye
florasına, biri J.Zohrab ile birlikte toplanmış olarak, 19 tipörnek kazandırmıştır.
Örnekleri CGE, E, G, K ve OXF’dedir. Austen Henry Layard (1817-1894).
İngiliz arkeolog, siyaset adamı, diplomat. Irak’taki Asur harabelerini kazan ilk
arkeologlardan biridir. 1877-1884 yılları arasında İstanbul’da İngiltere’nin
büyükelçisidir. Flora of Turkey’de, Van ve Hakkâri’den toplanmış 5 örneği
kayıtlıdır. Örnekleri BM, E ve K’da saklıdır. Ronald Charles Lindsay (1877-
1945). İngiliz hariciyeci. 1925-1926’da Ankara’da İngiltere büyükelçisidir.
1926’da Çankaya’dan (Ankara) topladığı 87 bitki örneğini Kew Herbarium’a
göndermiştir. Flora of Turkey’de 13 örneğinin kaydı vardır. Biri bir tipörnektir.
Felix von Luschan (1854-1924). Avusturyalı hekim, arkeolog, antropolog,
etnolog. 1881 ve 1882’de Güneybatı Anadolu’da, 1883’te Nemrut dağı
yöresinde kazı yapmış, yörelerden bitki örnekleri toplamıştır. Koleksiyonu
WU’dadır. Flora of Turkey’de 100 kadar örneği kayıtlıdır. Bunlardan 29’u
tipörnektir. Heinrich Schliemann (1822-1890). Önce Alman sonra Amerikan
uyruklu iş ve ticaret adamı, arkeologdur. Truva ve Mikena’de yaptığı kazılar ve
ortaya çıkardığı hazineler ile ün yapmıştır. Flora of Turkey’de kayıtlı tarihsiz bir
örnekten, onun Truva’dan örnek toplamış olduğunu anlıyoruz. B’de 28
örneğinin saklı bulunduğu bilinmektedir. Rudolf Virchow (1821-1902). Alman
hekim, antropolog, etnolog, arkeolog, tıp tarihçisi, siyaset adamı. Hücre patolojisi kavramını ortaya atmakla ünlüdür. 1879’da Truva harabelerini gezmiş
ve yöreden 160 kadar bitki örneği toplamıştır. Koleksiyonu B’dedir. Flora of
Turkey’de 16 örneği kayıtlıdır. P.Sintenis’in 1883’te Thymbra’dan (Truva)
topladığı yeni bir Papaver türü onun adını taşımaktadır. P.virchowii Asch. et
Sint. ex Boiss. James Zohrab (1830-1891). 1853’te Erzurum’da İngiltere
Konsolosluğu görevlisi. Erzurum yakınlarından yalnız başına 900’a yakın, ve
H.Calvert ile birlikte 1150 üstünde örnek toplamıştır. İsviçreli toplayıcı A. Huet
du Pavillon (1829-1907) ile birlikte de 1853’te aynı yöreden toplanmış örnekleri
vardır.

References

  • • Allen, S.H. 1999. Finding the Walls of Troy, Frank Calvert and Heinrich Schliemann at Hisarlık, University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London.
  • • Andree, Ch. 1976. Rudolf Virchow als Prähistoriker, Band 1, Virchow als Begründer der neueren deutschen Ur- und Frühgeschichts Wissenschaft. Böhlau – Verlag, Köln, Wien.
  • • Baytop, A. 2010. Plant collectors in Anatolia (Turkey), Phytologia Balcanica 16(2):187-213.
  • • Berliner Medizinhistorisches Museum der Charité. 2002. Zwischen Charité und Reichstag, Rudolf Virchow, Mediziner, Sammler, Politiker. Begleitbuch zur Ausstellung “Virchows Zellen, Zeugnisse eines engagierten Gelehrtenlebens in Berlin”, 29 August bis 27 Oktober 2002.
  • • Boissier, E. 1867. Flora Orientalis vol.1, Basileae, s. xx.
  • • Buser, R.(ed.). 1888. Flora Orientalis, Supplementum, Genevae et Basileae, s.23.
  • • Chaudhri, M.N., Vegter, I.H., De Wal,C.M. 1972. Index Herbariorum, Part II(3), Collectors, Regnum Vegetabile vol.86, Utrecht, s.418 ve 470.
  • • Davis, P.H.(ed.). 1965-1985. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, vols.1-9, Edinburgh.
  • • Davis, P.H. et al.(eds.). 1988. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, vol.10, First Supplement, Edinburgh.
  • • Desmond,R. 1977. Dictionary of British and Irish Botanists and Horticulturists, London, s.114 ve 377.
  • • Duchêne, H. 2002. Troia Hazineleri veya Schliemann’ın düşü, çeviren Ali Berkay, Yapı Kredi Yayınları, Genel Kültür Dizisi, İstanbul.
  • • Gazette Médicale d’Orient. 1890. Bulletin, La Société Impériale de Médecine de Constantinople, XXXIIme Année, No.4, 30 Avril 1890, p.49-51.
  • • Güner,A. et al.(eds.) 2000. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, vol.11, Second Supplement, Edinburgh.
  • • Holmgren, P.K. et al. 1990. Index Herbariorum, Part I, The Herbaria of the World, eighth edition, New York.
  • • Horwood, A.R., Turrill,W.B. 1927. On the Flora of the Nearer East:III. A collection made by the Rt.Hon.Sir Ronald C.Lindsay, G.C.M.G., C.B., C.V.O., near Angora, Kew Bull.Miscell. Information, No.1:3-14.
  • • Lanjouw, J., Stafleu,F.A. 1954. Index Herbariorum, Part II(1), Collectors, Regnum Vegetabile vol.2, Utrecht, s.88 ve 112.
  • • Mill, R.R. 1983. The Anatolian itineraries of Felix von Luschan, Notes RBG Edinburgh 41(1):57-64.
  • • Monsacré, H., Beslon,Ch.(çev.). 2001. La Conquête de l’Assyrie, 1840-1860.
  • “Larsen,M.T., 1994, Sunkne Paladser” adlı eserin İngilizce çevirisinden Fransızca çeviri, Paris
  • • Robinson,M. 1994. Pioneer, Scholar, and Victim: an Appreciation of Frank Calvert (1828-1908), Anatolian Studies, vol. XLIV:153-168.
  • • Ruggendorfer, P., Szemethy,H.D.(eds.). 2009. Felix von Luschan (1854-1924), Leben und Wirken eines Universalgelehrtens, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Böklau Verlag, Wien-Köln-Weimar.
  • • Speta,F. 1994. Österreichs Beitrag zur Erforschung der Flora der Türkei, in Blumen der Türkei (ed. F.Speta), Stapfia 34:13.
  • • Stapf, O. 1885 et 1886. Beitraege zur Flora von Lycien, Carien und Mesopotamien, Denkschrift Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math. Nat. Kl. 50(1):73-119; 51(2):347-383.
  • • Vegter, I.H. 1986. Index Herbariorum, Part II(6), Collectors, Regnum Vegetabile vol.114, Utrecht, s.844.
  • • Vegter, I.H. 1988. Index Herbariorum, Part II(7), Collectors, Regnum Vegetabile vol.117, Utrecht, s.1090 ve 1211.
  • • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Lindsay
  • • http://thepeerage.com/p2097.htm#i20962
  • • http://manucharian.0catch.com/zdetail6.html
  • • http://manucharian.0catch.com/zalphabe.html#JamesErnestNapoleon

Archeologists, anthropologists and diplomats who have collected plant specimens from Anatolia

Year 2011, Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 81 - 100, 01.12.2011

Abstract

We aimed to know more about the persons who, although performing a
profession not connected with botany, enjoyed preparing plant collections from
an Anatolian area. By depositing their collections to European herbaria, they
have been helpful in the advancement of our knowledge on the Turkish flora. 

Paul Émile Botta (1808-1870). French physician, archeologist, consul,
traveller-naturalist in the Musée National d’Histoire Naturelle de Paris. A
pioneer in the excavation of the Assyrian ruins in Ottoman Iraq. Flora of Turkey
cites 3 of his specimens. They are collected from Diyarbakır. Two are types. His
collections are in P and G. Frank Calvert (1828-1908). British consul,
archeologist. He lived in Çanakkale on the Dardanelles. He was the youngest
son of the Calvert’s family. He detected the place of the ancient Troy some 20
years before H.Schliemann and made there a first excavation. He sent his plant
specimens collected from Çanakkale to B, which counted more than 700 in
number. Flora of Turkey cites about 30 of them. He also visited Bursa and
Balıkesir and collected there. He has about 20 scientific papers published
between 1859 and 1902, dealing with archeology, paleontology and
anthropology. Henry Hunter Calvert (1816-1882). British consul in Erzurum
from 1851 to 1857. He was the first child of the Calvert family. Alone or
together with James Zohrab, a member of the British Consulate in Erzurum, he 
collected a great number of plant specimens in the vicinities of Erzurum.
H.Calvert’s collection counts more than 1350 specimens. The collection Calvert
+ Zohrab has more than 1150. H.Calvert has added 19 types to the Turkish
flora, one of them being collected jointly with Zohrab. The specimens of
H.Calvert are distributed to CGE, E, G, K and OXF. Austen Henry Layard
(1839-1894). British archeologist, politician, diplomat. One of the pioneers who
excavated the Assyrian ruins in Ottoman Iraq. He was the British ambassador to
The Porte between 1877 and 1884. Flora of Turkey cites 5 of his specimens.
They are collected from Van and Hakkari. His collections are in BM, E and K.
Ronald Charles Lindsay (1877-1945). British diplomat. Ambassador at Ankara
in 1925-1926, he collected 87 plant specimens from Çankaya (Ankara). His
collection is kept at K. Flora of Turkey cites 13 of his specimens. One is a type.
Felix von Luschan (1854-1924). Austrian physician, archeologist,
anthropologist, ethnologist. He excavated in 1881 and 1882 in SW Anatolia,
and in 1883 in the vicinity of Nemrut da
ğı (Adıyaman). He collected plant
specimens from these areas. They are lodged in WU. Flora of Turkey cites a
hundred of them. 29 are types. Heinrich Schliemann (1822-1890). German,
and from 1869 on American, tradesman, entrepreneur, archeologist. He is
known for his excavations in Troia and Mykenai. One undated specimen of his
cited in Flora of Turkey reveals that he has collected plant specimens from
Troy. His 28 specimens are housed in B. Rudolf Virchow (1821-1902). German
physician, anthropologist, ethnologist, archeologist, medical historian,
politician. He devised the concept of cellular pathology. He visited in 1879 the
antic ruins of Troy where he collected about 160 plant specimens lodged in B.
Flora of Turkey cites 16 of them. A Papaver species collected by P. Sintenis in
1883 from Thymbra is dedicated to him: P. virchowii Asch.et Sint. ex Boiss.
James Zohrab (1830-1891). He was an official translator during the Crimean
war and subsequently a member of the British Consulate at Erzurum. From
Erzurum and its vicinities, he collected ca. 900 specimens alone, and more than
1150 specimens jointly with H.H.Calvert, the British consul. He has also
collected in 1853 together wth the Swiss collector A. Huet du Pavillon (1829-
1907) from the same are
a. 

References

  • • Allen, S.H. 1999. Finding the Walls of Troy, Frank Calvert and Heinrich Schliemann at Hisarlık, University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London.
  • • Andree, Ch. 1976. Rudolf Virchow als Prähistoriker, Band 1, Virchow als Begründer der neueren deutschen Ur- und Frühgeschichts Wissenschaft. Böhlau – Verlag, Köln, Wien.
  • • Baytop, A. 2010. Plant collectors in Anatolia (Turkey), Phytologia Balcanica 16(2):187-213.
  • • Berliner Medizinhistorisches Museum der Charité. 2002. Zwischen Charité und Reichstag, Rudolf Virchow, Mediziner, Sammler, Politiker. Begleitbuch zur Ausstellung “Virchows Zellen, Zeugnisse eines engagierten Gelehrtenlebens in Berlin”, 29 August bis 27 Oktober 2002.
  • • Boissier, E. 1867. Flora Orientalis vol.1, Basileae, s. xx.
  • • Buser, R.(ed.). 1888. Flora Orientalis, Supplementum, Genevae et Basileae, s.23.
  • • Chaudhri, M.N., Vegter, I.H., De Wal,C.M. 1972. Index Herbariorum, Part II(3), Collectors, Regnum Vegetabile vol.86, Utrecht, s.418 ve 470.
  • • Davis, P.H.(ed.). 1965-1985. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, vols.1-9, Edinburgh.
  • • Davis, P.H. et al.(eds.). 1988. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, vol.10, First Supplement, Edinburgh.
  • • Desmond,R. 1977. Dictionary of British and Irish Botanists and Horticulturists, London, s.114 ve 377.
  • • Duchêne, H. 2002. Troia Hazineleri veya Schliemann’ın düşü, çeviren Ali Berkay, Yapı Kredi Yayınları, Genel Kültür Dizisi, İstanbul.
  • • Gazette Médicale d’Orient. 1890. Bulletin, La Société Impériale de Médecine de Constantinople, XXXIIme Année, No.4, 30 Avril 1890, p.49-51.
  • • Güner,A. et al.(eds.) 2000. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, vol.11, Second Supplement, Edinburgh.
  • • Holmgren, P.K. et al. 1990. Index Herbariorum, Part I, The Herbaria of the World, eighth edition, New York.
  • • Horwood, A.R., Turrill,W.B. 1927. On the Flora of the Nearer East:III. A collection made by the Rt.Hon.Sir Ronald C.Lindsay, G.C.M.G., C.B., C.V.O., near Angora, Kew Bull.Miscell. Information, No.1:3-14.
  • • Lanjouw, J., Stafleu,F.A. 1954. Index Herbariorum, Part II(1), Collectors, Regnum Vegetabile vol.2, Utrecht, s.88 ve 112.
  • • Mill, R.R. 1983. The Anatolian itineraries of Felix von Luschan, Notes RBG Edinburgh 41(1):57-64.
  • • Monsacré, H., Beslon,Ch.(çev.). 2001. La Conquête de l’Assyrie, 1840-1860.
  • “Larsen,M.T., 1994, Sunkne Paladser” adlı eserin İngilizce çevirisinden Fransızca çeviri, Paris
  • • Robinson,M. 1994. Pioneer, Scholar, and Victim: an Appreciation of Frank Calvert (1828-1908), Anatolian Studies, vol. XLIV:153-168.
  • • Ruggendorfer, P., Szemethy,H.D.(eds.). 2009. Felix von Luschan (1854-1924), Leben und Wirken eines Universalgelehrtens, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Böklau Verlag, Wien-Köln-Weimar.
  • • Speta,F. 1994. Österreichs Beitrag zur Erforschung der Flora der Türkei, in Blumen der Türkei (ed. F.Speta), Stapfia 34:13.
  • • Stapf, O. 1885 et 1886. Beitraege zur Flora von Lycien, Carien und Mesopotamien, Denkschrift Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math. Nat. Kl. 50(1):73-119; 51(2):347-383.
  • • Vegter, I.H. 1986. Index Herbariorum, Part II(6), Collectors, Regnum Vegetabile vol.114, Utrecht, s.844.
  • • Vegter, I.H. 1988. Index Herbariorum, Part II(7), Collectors, Regnum Vegetabile vol.117, Utrecht, s.1090 ve 1211.
  • • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Lindsay
  • • http://thepeerage.com/p2097.htm#i20962
  • • http://manucharian.0catch.com/zdetail6.html
  • • http://manucharian.0catch.com/zalphabe.html#JamesErnestNapoleon
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Asuman Baytop This is me

Publication Date December 1, 2011
Published in Issue Year 2011 Volume: 13 Issue: 1

Cite

Chicago Baytop, Asuman. “Anadolu’dan Bitki örnekleri toplamış Olan Arkeolog, Antropolog Ve Diplomatlar”. Osmanli Bilimi Arastirmalari (Studies in Ottoman Science) 13, no. 1 (December 2011): 81-100.