Türkiye’de yeni bir bilim dalının doğuşu: 1933 Üniversite Reformu’ndan sonra İstanbul Üniversitesi’nde genetik araştırmaları

Year 2016, Volume: 18 Issue: 1, 53 - 70, 01.12.2016

Barışcan Ersöz

Abstract

Üniversite Reformu’nun ilan
edildiği 1933 yılından 1960’lı yıllara uzanan dönem, Türkiye’de ilk genetik araştırmalarının
yapılmaya başlandığı ve genetiğin bir bilim dalı olarak kurulduğu ve kurumsallaştığı
yıllardır. Bu ilk genetik araştırmalarının hemen hepsi İstanbul Üniversitesi
Fen Fakültesi’nde yapılmıştır. Nazilerin iktidara gelmesiyle birlikte
Türkiye’ye gelen bazı Alman genetikçiler, İstanbul Üniversitesi’nde genetik araştırmalarının
başlatılmasına ve genetik alanında ilk araştırmacıların yetiştirilmesine önemli
katkıda bulunmuşlardır. İlk genetik çalışmalar 1935 yılında, Farmakobotanik ve
Genetik Enstitüsü’nde Alfred Heilbronn tarafından başlatılmıştır. Daha sonra,
1937 yılında Curt Kosswig’in Zooloji Enstitüsü’nün başına geçmesiyle zooloji
alanında da genetikle ilgili çeşitli araştırmalar yapılmaya başlanmıştır. Bu
iki bilim insanı, asistan ve öğrencileriyle birlikte cinsiyet belirleme
mekanizmaları, ikincil cinsiyet karakterleri ve tümör oluşumunun genetik
mekanizmaları gibi birçok farklı konuda araştırma yapmış, genetik üzerine
dersler vermiş ve bu konuda Türkiye’de ilk ders kitaplarının yazılmasına ve
basılmasına öncülük etmişlerdir. 

Keywords

Türkiye’de genetik, 1933 Üniversite Reformu, Alfred Heilbronn, Curt Kosswig, Atıf Şengün, Sara Akdik, Melekper Öktay, Nebahat Yakar, Recai Ermin, Nezihe Öztan

The Emergence of a new scientific discipline in Turkey: Genetics at Istanbul University after the 1933 University Reform

Abstract

The
years between 1933 when Istanbul University was fundamentally reformed and the 1960s,
constituted the period when the first geneticists in Turkey carried out their
research and contributed to the formation and institutionalization of a new
scientific discipline. Almost all of this first genetics research in Turkey was
conducted at the Faculty of Science, Istanbul University. After the University
Reform, German geneticists who came to Turkey due to Nazi oppression, made
important contributions to scientific research as well as to the training of
the first researchers in genetics. The first researches were launched by Alfred
Heilbronn in 1935 at the Institute of Pharmacobotany and Genetics. Subsequently,
research at the Zoological Institute begun in 1937 when Curt Kosswig came to
Turkey as the director of the institute. These scientists, together with their local
assistants and students, undertook numerous studies on several questions of
genetics such as sex determination mechanisms, secondary sexual characters and
genetic mechanisms of tumor formation. Alongside their scientific studies, they
also gave lectures on genetics and they wrote some of the first genetics
textbooks in Turkey.

Keywords

Genetics in Turkey, 1933 University Reform, Alfred Heilbronn, Curt Kosswig, Atıf Şengün, Sara Akdik, Melekper Öktay, Nebahat Yakar, Recai Ermin, Nezihe Öztan

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