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Osmanlı Devleti’nin Son Döneminde Avlonya’da Bitüm Üretimi

Year 2024, Volume: 25 Issue: 1, 59 - 82, 31.01.2024
https://doi.org/10.26650/oba.1310051

Abstract

Avlonya, Osmanlı’nın son döneminde Avrupa’nın en önemli bitüm yataklarından biri haline gelmiştir. Avlonya bitümü, yol yapımından zirai ilaç üretimine ve kimya sanayiine kadar birçok sektörde kullanılmıştır. Osmanlı madenciliği araştırmaları genel itibariyle demir, bakır, krom, kurşun gibi cevherler ve kömür üzerinden yapılmıştır. Sanayi Devrimi ile birlikte günlük hayatta çok önemli hale gelen bitüm hakkında araştırmalar çok kısıtlıdır. Bu çalışma Avlonya bitüm yataklarının durumu, işletilme usulleri, bitüm üretiminin önemi hakkında veriler sunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu doğrultuda arşiv belgeleri ve dönemin matbuatı incelenerek Avlonya’daki bitüm üretimi, rafinaj, endüstriyel çözümler, pazarlama teknikleri, inovatif yöntemler gibi hususlar incelenmiştir. Ayrıca filoksera ile mücadele, yol yapımı gibi alanlarda bitüm bazlı ürünlerin kullanımı hakkında bilgiler verilmiştir.

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  • Kurmuş, Orhan. Emperyalizmin Türkiye’ye Girişi. İstanbul: Yordam Kitap, 2008. google scholar
  • Mines and Quarries: General Report and Statistics for 1902. London: Stationery Office, 1904. google scholar
  • Mines de Selenitza.” Cote de la Bourse et de la banque, 29 novembre 1898. google scholar
  • Owen, Roger. The Middle East in the World Economy 1800-1914. London: I.B. Tauris & Co Ltd, 2009. google scholar
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  • Popescu, Ştefan. “L’Albanie dans la politique etrangere de la France (1919-juin 1940).” PhD diss., Üniversite de Paris I - Pantheon Sorbonne, 2013. google scholar
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Bitumen Exploitation in Vlorë in the Last Period of the Ottoman State

Year 2024, Volume: 25 Issue: 1, 59 - 82, 31.01.2024
https://doi.org/10.26650/oba.1310051

Abstract

Vlorë became one of Europe’s most important bitumen deposits in late Ottoman period. Vlorë bitumen has been used in many sectors, from road construction to pesticide production and chemical industry in and around Europe. Literature on Ottoman mining generally focused on ores such as iron, copper, chrome, lead, and coal. Though bitumen research has become essential in daily life after the Industrial Revolution, have been very limited in quantity and quality. This study aims to present data on the state of Vlorë bitumen deposits, operation procedures, and the importance of bitumen exploitation. This work examines bitumen production, refining, industrial solutions, marketing techniques, and innovative methods based on archival documents and newspapers. It also provides further information on using bitumen-based products in areas such as phylloxera control and road construction.

References

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  • Fonds 207 AQ, Serie 398, Article Z2. google scholar
  • Fonds 207 AQ, Serie 398, Article Z5. google scholar
  • T.C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığı Osmanlı Arşivi (İstanbul) (BOA) google scholar
  • Bâb-ı Âsâfi Dîvân-ı Hümâyûn Sicilleri Mühimme Defterleri (A.DVNSMHM.d.) 3/272 26, 12/527, 155/826, 127/1667. google scholar
  • Dahiliye Nezâreti İdare (DH.İD) 103/5. google scholar
  • Dahiliye Nezâreti Mektubî Kalemi (DH.MKT) 2357/9. google scholar
  • İrade Meclis-i Mahsus (İ.MMS) 53/2325. google scholar
  • Maliye Nezareti Emlak-ı Emiriyye Müdürlüğü (ML.EEM) 370/97, 444/23. google scholar
  • Sadâret Mektubî Mühimme Kalemi (A.}MKT.MHM) 489/37. google scholar
  • Şura-yı Devlet (ŞD) 259/16, 2882/19. google scholar
  • Yıldız Sadâret Resmi Evrakı (Y.A.RES) 29/40. google scholar
  • Basılı Kaynaklar / Printed Sources google scholar
  • “Agriculture & Horticulture.” Journal de l’enseignement, 29 septembre 1888. google scholar
  • “Echos de Paris.” Le Gaulois, 24 decembre 1874. google scholar
  • “Finances.” Le Constitutionnel, 11 avril 1891. google scholar
  • “Informations Financieres.” L’Etendard, 9 avril 1891. google scholar
  • “l’Etisie de la Vigne.” Le Constitutionnel, 16 janvier 1869. google scholar
  • “La Question du Phylloxera”, L’Economiste français, 29 janvier 1881, 8 google scholar
  • “La Societe des Mines de Selenitza.” Le Petit Marseillais, 2 avril 1894. google scholar
  • “Le bitume albanais.” Le Journal de Saint-Jean-d’Angely, 4 janvier 1914. google scholar
  • “Le Commerce français dans le Port de Vallona.” La Politique coloniale, 24 juin 1897. google scholar
  • “Reconstitution des Vignes Phylloxerees par les Charbons sulfures des Mines de Selenitza.” Le Petit Clermontois, 29 mars 1894. google scholar
  • “Societe des Mines de Selenitza Statuts.” Le Messager de Paris, 12 avril 1891. google scholar
  • “Societe des Mines de Selenitza.” Cote de la Bourse et de la banque, 8 avril 1891. google scholar
  • Abraham, Herbet. Asphalts andAllied Subtances. New York: D. Van Nostrand Company, 1938. google scholar
  • Association amicale des anciens eleves de l’Ecole nationale superieure des mines de Paris. Lille: Imprimerie Lefebvre-Ducrocq, 1906. google scholar
  • Autheman, Andre. La Banque imperiale ottomane. Paris: Comite pour l’Histoire Economique et Financiere de la France, 1996. google scholar
  • Balcı, Ercüment. “Osmanlı Maden Rejiminde Nizamnameler Dönemi ve İmtiyazlar”. Yüksek Lisans tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi, 1994. google scholar
  • Bulletin consulaire français: recueil des rapports commerciaux adresses au Ministre des affaires etrangeres par les agents diplomatiques et consulaires deFrance a l’etranger. Paris: Imprimeire Nationale, 1884. google scholar
  • Collas, M. B. C. La Turquie en 1864. Paris: 1864. google scholar
  • Conquad, H. “Description geologique des gisements bituminiferes et petroliferes de Selenitza dans l’Albanie et de Chieri dans l’île de Zante”, Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France, 25, 2 (1868): 20-73. google scholar
  • Çapar, Onur. “Osmanlı Devleti’nde Fransız Sermayesi (1838-1914)”. Doktora tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi, 2019. google scholar
  • Danby, Arthur. Natural Rock Asphalts And Bitumens, Their Geology, History, Properties and Industrial Application. London: D. Van Nostrand Company, 1913. google scholar
  • Deleno, W. H. Twenty Years’ Practical Experience ofNatural Asphalt And Mineral Bitumen. London: 1893. google scholar
  • Düstur, Birinci Tertip. İstanbul: 1289. google scholar
  • Eldem, Edhem. Osmanlı Bankası Tarihi. İstanbul: Osmanlı Bankası Tarihi Araştırma Merkezi, 1999. google scholar
  • Exposition Annexee au Congres Catalogue et Notices Relatives aux Objets Exposes. Paris: Imprimerie Generale Lahure, 1908. google scholar
  • Geographie de Strabon traduction nouvelle par Amedee Tardieu. 4 vol. Paris: Librairie Hachette et Cie, 1873. google scholar
  • Gounot, Alfred. “Notes sur les mines de bitume exploitees en Albanie.” Annales des Mines (1903): 5-23. google scholar
  • Holland, Henry. Travels in the Ionian Isles, Albania, Thessaly, Macedonia, &c: During the Years 1812 and 1813. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, 1819. google scholar
  • Hoşgören, Mehmet Yıldız. Jeomorfoloji Terimleri Sözlüğü. İstanbul: Çantay Yayınları, 2011. google scholar
  • Kasaba, Reşat. The Ottoman Empire and the World Economy: The Nineteenth Century. Albany: State University of New York, 1988. google scholar
  • Keskin, Özkan. “Üzümün Bağı Asmanın Kurdu: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda Filoksera ile Mücadele.” Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi 30, 2 (2015): 479-505. google scholar
  • Keskin, Özkan. “Osmanlı Devleti’nde Maden Hukukunun Tekâmülü (1861-1906).” OTAM 29 (Bahar 2011): 125-147. google scholar
  • Kurmuş, Orhan. Emperyalizmin Türkiye’ye Girişi. İstanbul: Yordam Kitap, 2008. google scholar
  • Mines and Quarries: General Report and Statistics for 1902. London: Stationery Office, 1904. google scholar
  • Mines de Selenitza.” Cote de la Bourse et de la banque, 29 novembre 1898. google scholar
  • Owen, Roger. The Middle East in the World Economy 1800-1914. London: I.B. Tauris & Co Ltd, 2009. google scholar
  • Özdamar, Toroshan. Osmanlı Madenlerinde Fransız Sermayesi ve Galata Bankerleri. Ankara: Duvar Yayınları, 2023. google scholar
  • Pamuk, Şevket. Osmanlı İmparatorluğunda Paranın Tarihi. İstanbul: Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları, 1999. google scholar
  • Planchon, Jules-Emile. Le Phylloxera en Europe et en Amerique. Paris: Imperimerie de J. Claye, 1874. google scholar
  • Popescu, Ştefan. “L’Albanie dans la politique etrangere de la France (1919-juin 1940).” PhD diss., Üniversite de Paris I - Pantheon Sorbonne, 2013. google scholar
  • Taş, Mehmet. “18.Yüzyıl Osmanlı Donanmasında Zift ve Katran Temini.” Turkish Studies 15,4 (2020): 12251242. google scholar
  • Wallerstein, Immanuel. The Modern World-System III: The Second Era of Great Expansion of the Capitalist World-Economy 1730-1840s. California: University of California Press, 2011. google scholar
There are 57 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Late Modern Balkan History, Late Modern Renewal History
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Toroshan Özdamar 0000-0002-6600-5256

Publication Date January 31, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 25 Issue: 1

Cite

Chicago Özdamar, Toroshan. “Osmanlı Devleti’nin Son Döneminde Avlonya’da Bitüm Üretimi”. Osmanli Bilimi Arastirmalari (Studies in Ottoman Science) 25, no. 1 (January 2024): 59-82. https://doi.org/10.26650/oba.1310051.