Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinin Yaşlı Bireylere Yönelik Tutumları: Türkiye’de Yapılan Çalışmalara Dayalı Sistematik Bir Derleme

Abstract

Dünyada yaşlı nüfus hızla artmakta ve bu artış yaşlılık nedeniyle çözülmesi gereken sorunları da beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu sorunlardan birisi olan yaşlı ayrımcılığı, insanlara yaşlarına dayalı olarak gösterilen klişeleştirme, önyargı ve ayrımcılık içeren davranışlar olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Yaş ayrımcılığının yaşlı insanların sağlığı ve iyilik hali üzerinde ciddi olumsuz sonuçları vardır. Hemşirelik, yaşlılara bakım veren temel mesleklerden birisidir ve gelecekte hemşirelik öğrencileri bu mesleğin potansiyel birer üyesi olacaktır. Bu nedenle hemşirelik öğrencilerinin yaşlı ayrımcılığına yönelik tutumlarının ve bunu etkileyen faktörlerin bilinmesi önemlidir. Bu araştırma, Türkiye’de yapılan çalışmaları inceleyerek hemşirelik öğrencilerinin yaşlı yetişkinlere yönelik tutumlarını belirlemeyi amaçlamıştır. İnceleme, Eylül ve Kasım 2021 arasında Google Academics, PubMed, ProQuest ve Turkey Citation Index arama veri tabanları kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Araştırmada “hemşirelik öğrencileri”, “yaşlılara karşı tutum”, “yaşlı ayrımcılığı”, “ageism” ve “Türkiye” anahtar kelimeleri Türkçe ve İngilizce olarak farklı kombinasyonlarda kullanılmıştır. Başlangıçta belirlenen 5443 çalışmadan 35’i çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir Çalışmaya dahil edilen araştırmaların örneklemini 10.636 hemşirelik öğrencisi oluşturmuştur. İncelenen araştırmalarda yaşlı ayrımcılığının değerlendirilmesinde en sık Yaşlı Ayrımcılığı Tutum Ölçeğinin (YATÖ), Kogan’ın Yaşlı İnsanlara Karşı Tutum Ölçeğinin (Kogan OP Ölçeği) ve UCLA Geriatrik Tutumlar Ölçeğinin (UCLA-GA) kullanıldığı belirlenmiştir. Bu sistematik derlemenin sonuçlarına göre, hemşirelik öğrencilerinin yaşlılara yönelik tutumları çoğunlukla olumludur ve bu tutum çeşitli faktörler ile ilişkilidir. Bu nedenle hemşirelik öğrencilerinin olumlu tutumlarını artırmak için, hemşirelik lisans müfredatında yaşlı sağlığı ile ilgili derslerin yer alması, yaşlılarla olumlu etkileşimi artırmaya yönelik projelerin yürütülmesi ve yaşlılara yönelik olumlu tutumu artırmada çeşitli müdahalelerin etkinliğini göstermeyi amaçlayan deneysel çalışmaların yapılması önerilebilir.

Keywords

• Yaşlı
• yaşlıya karşı tutum
• yaşlı ayrımcılığı
• hemşirelik öğrencisi

Nursing Students’ Attitudes Toward the Elderly: A Systematic Review Based on Studies Conducted in Turkiye

Abstract

The older population is increasing rapidly in the world and this increase brings along problems that need to be solved due to old age. Ageism, which is one of these problems, is a stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination against people on the basis of their age. Ageism has serious negative consequences for older people’s health and well-being. Nursing is one of the main professions to care for older people and nursing students will be potential members of this profession in the future. For this reason, it is important to know nursing students’ attitudes toward ageism and the factors affecting it. This study aims to determine nursing students’ attitudes toward older adults by examining studies conducted in Türkiye. The review was conducted between September and November 2021 using search databases of Google Academics, PubMed, ProQuest, and Turkey Citation Index. In the search, the keywords “nursing students”, “attitude towards elderlies”, “elderly discrimination”, “ageism,” and “Turkey” were used in different combinations in Turkish and English. Of the 5,443 studies identified at baseline, 35 were included in the study. The sample of the studies consisted of 10,636 nursing students. In the studies reviewed, the Ageism Attitude Scale (AAS), the Kogan’s Attitudes Toward Old People Scale (Kogan OP Scale), and the UCLA Geriatrics Attitudes (UCLA-GA) scale were used to assess ageism. According to the results of this systematic review, nursing students’ attitudes toward the elderly were mostly positive, and various factors were associated with these attitudes. It is recommended to include courses on elderly health in the nursing undergraduate curriculum, to carry out projects to increase interaction with the elderly, and to conduct experimental studies aiming to demonstrate the effectiveness of various interventions to increase positive attitudes.

Keywords

• Elderly
• attitude toward elderlies
• ageism
• nursing student

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