The Effect of Emotion Dysregulation, Affect, Boredom, and Social Context on State Nomophobia among University Students: An Experience Sampling Study (State Nomophobia)

Abstract

This study aimed to examine whether state-based psychological constructs (emotion dysregulation, positive affect, negative affect, boredom, satisfaction with the social context) and trait-based psychological constructs (nomophobia, emotion dysregulation, positive affect, negative affect, boredom proneness) predict state nomophobia. This study also examined the variation of daily nomophobia scores during the week and the difference between nomophobic and non-nomophobic individuals. The experience sampling method was used because it allows simultaneous evaluation of the internal and situational determinants of the research variables as the data are collected within the real-world context. Two groups were used (non-nomophobia/nomophobia; N = 42). Data were collected from university students using standard measurement tools and momentary assessments for a week via the PIEL Survey smartphone application. In this 2-level study, the level 1 analysis was based on 1679 observations and the level 2 analysis was based on 42 observations. The random intercept and slope model and the growth curve model were used. The results showed that state-based psychological constructs predicted state nomophobia, but trait-based psychological constructs failed to predict it (except trait nomophobia). Daily nomophobia scores decreased throughout the week. The decrease in the nomophobia group was slower, and their daily scores were higher than those in the non-nomophobia group. The findings suggest that momentary assessments should be used to make inferences about the determinants of state nomophobia experienced in daily life. As far as is known, there has been no experience sampling study examining state nomophobia. Determining the factors that may cause nomophobia may provide scientific insight into the content of programs developed for the prevention and treatment of nomophobia. An in-depth investigation of nomophobia using momentary assessments along with retrospective assessments may provide a more holistic understanding of nomophobia and a new perspective for future nomophobia studies.

Keywords

• Affect
• boredom
• emotion dysregulation
• experience sampling method
• nomophobia

Üniversite Ögrencilerinde Duygu Düzenleme Güçlüğü, Duygulanım, Can Sıkıntısı ve Sosyal Baglamın Durumsal Nomofobiye Etkisi: Deneyim Örnekleme Çalışması

Abstract

Bu çalışmada durumsal psikolojik yapıların (duygu düzenleme güçlüğü, pozitif duygulanım, negatif duygulanım, can sıkıntısı, sosyal bağlamdan memnuniyet) ve karakter-temelli (sürekli) psikolojik yapıların (nomofobi, duygu düzenleme güçlüğü, pozitif duygulanım, negatif duygulanım, can sıkıntısı eğilimi) durumsal nomofobiyi yordama gücünü araştırmak amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca günlük nomofobi puanlarının hafta boyunca değişimini ve nomofobik bireyler ile nomofobik olmayan bireyler arasındaki farkı incelemek de amaçlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada deneyim örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Deneyim örnekleme yönteminde veriler günlük yaşam bağlamında tekrarlı olarak toplanmaktadır. Bu sayede araştırma değişkenlerinin içsel ve dışsal belirleyicilerinin eş zamanlı olarak değerlendirilmesi mümkündür. Çalışmada iki grup kullanılmıştır (nomofobik olmayan grup /nomofobik grup; N = 42). Veriler üniversite öğrencilerinden standart ölçme araçları ve anlık değerlendirmelerle bir hafta boyunca PIEL Survey telefon uygulaması üzerinden toplanmıştır. Bu iki seviyeli çalışmada düzey 1 analizi 1679 gözleme, düzey 2 analizi ise 42 gözleme dayanmaktadır. Rastgele kesen ve eğim modeli ile büyüme eğrisi modeli kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar, durumsal psikolojik yapıların durumsal nomofobiyi yordadığını, ancak karakter-temelli psikolojik yapıların durumsal nomofobiyi yordamadığını göstermiştir (sürekli nomofobi hariç). Hafta boyunca günlük nomofobi puanları düşüş göstermiştir. Nomofobi grubundaki düşüş nomofobik olmayan gruba göre daha azdır ve nomofobi grubunun puanları daha yüksektir. Bulgular, durumsal nomofobinin belirleyicileri hakkında çıkarımlarda bulunmak için anlık değerlendirmelerin kullanılması gerektiğini göstermektedir. Bilindiği kadarıyla nomofobiyi inceleyen deneyim örnekleme çalışması bulunmamaktadır. Nomofobiye neden olabilecek faktörlerin belirlenmesi, nomofobinin önlenmesi ve tedavisi için geliştirilen programların içeriğine ilişkin bilimsel bir alt yapı sunabilir. Geriye dönük değerlendirmeler ve anlık değerlendirmeler kullanılarak nomofobinin derinlemesine incelenmesi, nomofobinin bütüncül bir şekilde anlaşılmasına katkıda bulunabilir ve gelecekteki nomofobi çalışmalarına yeni bir bakış açısı sağlayabilir.

Keywords

• Can sıkıntısı
• deneyim örnekleme yöntemi
• duygu düzenleme güçlüğü
• duygulanım
• nomofobi

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