İstatistiki Öğrenme Ve Türkçede Morfosentaktik Işleme Arasındaki Ilişki: Kendi Hızında Okuma Deneyi

Abstract

Önceki çalışmalar istatistiki öğrenme (İÖ) becerilerinin dil becerileri ile ilişkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu çalışmada İÖ’nün modaliteye özgülüğü, diğer genel bilişsel becerilerden bağımsız olup olmadığı, okuduğunu anlama üzerindeki etkisi ve morfosentaktik işleme ile etkileşimi araştırılmıştır. Elli yetişkin katılımcıya kendi hızında okuma deneyi ve çeşitli bilişsel testler uygulanmıştır. Kendi hızında okuma deneyinde, morfosentaktik karmaşıklık açısından farklılık gösteren Türkçe cümleler (aktif kanonik, aktif çalkalanmış ve edilgen cümleler) kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca, çalışma kapsamında işitsel (sentezlenmiş heceler) ve görsel (uzaylı resimleri) uyaran üçlüleri kullanılarak, üçlüler arasında geçiş olasılığı daha yüksek olan, alışma ve test aşamalarından oluşan işitsel ve görsel İÖ testleri geliştirilmiştir. Katılımcıların kısa süreli/çalışan bellek becerileri ve sözel olmayan zeka puanları da sırasıyla ileri/geri sayı dizisi testleri ve Raven’ın Standart Progresif Matrisleri kullanılarak ölçülmüştür. Sonuçlar işitsel ve görsel İÖ skorlarında benzer öğrenme düzeyleri görüldüğünü ve bunlar arasında anlamlı bir korelasyon olmadığını ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca, İÖ puanlarının, sözel olmayan zeka ve kısa süreli/işleyen bellek puanları ile anlamlı bir korelasyon göstermediği tespit edilmiştir. Doğrusal karışık-etki modelleri hem işitsel hem de görsel İÖ’nün morfosentaktik işleme ile ilişkili olduğunu, ancak bu ilişkinin modaliteye göre farklılaştığını göstermiştir. Bulgular, İÖ’nün modaliteye özgü olduğunu ve diğer genel bilişsel becerilerden büyük ölçüde bağımsız olduğunu göstermektedir. Bulgular ayrıca, daha yüksek İÖ becerisine sahip bireylerin, cümle işleme sırasında morfosentaktik bilgilerin olasılıksal örüntülerini, daha düşük İÖ becerisine sahip olan bireylere kıyasla daha verimli kullanabildiklerini göstermektedir. Önceki çalışmalardan farklı olarak morfolojik açıdan zengin bir dilden elde edilen bu bulgular, İÖ ile dil arasındaki ilişkiye yönelik yeni kanıtlar ortaya koymaktadır. Bulgular, İÖ ile genel olarak dil işleme, özel olarak da morfosentaktik işleme arasındaki bağlantıyı güçlendirmekte, klinik popülasyonlarda dil müdahaleleri için önemli çıkarımlar sunmaktadır.

Keywords

• İstatistiki öğrenme
• dil
• morfosentaktik işleme
• kendi hızında okuma
• bilişsel beceriler
• kısa süreli bellek

Association between Statistical Learning and Morphosyntactic Processing in Turkish: A Self-Paced Reading Experiment

Abstract

Previous research has shown that statistical learning (SL) abilities correlate with language abilities. This study investigated the modality specificity of SL, its independence from other general cognitive abilities, its effect on reading comprehension, and its interaction with morphosyntactic processing. Fifty adults participated in a self-paced reading experiment and several cognitive tests. The self-paced reading experiment included Turkish sentences varying in morphosyntactic complexity (active canonical, active scrambled, and passive sentences). Also, auditory and visual SL tests with familiarization and test phases were developed employing triplets of auditory (synthesized syllables) and visual (alien pictures) stimuli with higher transitional probability within than between triplets. The participants’ short-term/working memory abilities and nonverbal intelligence scores were also measured using forward/backward digit span tests and Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices, respectively. The results revealed similar learning rates and no significant correlation between auditory and visual SL scores. In addition, no significant correlation was found between SL scores and non-verbal intelligence or short-term/working memory scores. Finally, linear mixed-effects models showed that both visual and auditory SL influenced morphosyntactic processing, although in different ways. The findings suggest that SL is modality-specific and largely independent of other general cognitive abilities. The findings also suggest that individuals with higher SL abilities may utilize probabilistic patterns of morphosyntactic information during sentence processing more efficiently than those with lower SL abilities. These results provide new evidence for the link between SL and language from a morphologically rich language. Overall, these findings reinforce the link between SL and language processing in general and morphosyntactic processing in particular and have implications for language interventions in clinical populations.

Keywords

• Statistical learning
• language
• morphosyntactic processing
• self-paced reading
• cognitive abilities
• short-term memory

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