Algılanan Sosyal Kaytarma Ölçeği - Türkçe Formu: Genç ve Yetişkin Sporcu Örnekleminde Geçerlik ve Güvenirliğin İncelenmesi

Abstract

Sosyal kaytarma olgusu toplumdaki bireyler, sosyal kurumlar ve örgütler üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerinden ötürü “toplumsal bir hastalık” olarak nitelendirilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Algılanan Sosyal Kaytarma Ölçeği (ASKÖ) Türkçe formunun genç ve yetişkin sporculardan oluşan örneklemlerde geçerlik ve güvenirlik bakımından incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın örneklemi, kolayda örnekleme yoluyla seçilen takım sporlarından (futbol, basketbol, voleybol, hentbol, rugby ve yüzme) genç ve yetişkin sporculardan oluşmaktadır. Örneklemin yetişkin grubu 201 (73 kadın ve 128 erkek; yaş Ort. = 21.59, SS = 3.84), genç grubu ise 226 (107 kadın ve 119 erkek; yaş Ort.= 14.43, SS = 1.31) sporcuyu içermektedir. Ölçüm aracının yapı geçerliğini sınamak üzere doğrulayıcı faktör analizi uygulanmış, ortalama açıklanan varyans ve birleşik güvenirlik katsayılarıyla yakınsak geçerlik incelenmiş ve alanyazında belirtilen ilişkiler test edilmiştir. Ölçüm aracına ilişkin güvenirlik ise iç tutarlılık katsayısı, birleşik güvenirlik katsayısı ve madde-toplam korelasyonlarından faydalanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Yapı geçerliği çerçevesinde gerçekleştirilen doğrulayıcı faktör analizinin bulguları orijinal ölçekteki tek boyutlu yapının her iki örneklemde de doğrulandığını göstermektedir. Ölçeğin yapı geçerliliğini desteklemek etmek üzere alanyazında belirtilen ilişkiler (kolektif yeterlik ve algılanan sosyal kaytarma ilişkisi; takım sargınlığı ve algılanan sosyal kaytarma ilişkisi) test edilmiş ve ilişkilerin negatif yönde ve anlamlı olarak ortaya çıktığı görülmüştür. Yakınsak geçerliğe ilişkin değerlerin (AVE: ortalama açıklanan varyans ve CR: birleşik güvenirlik) istenilen düzeyde çıkması nedeniyle yakınsak geçerliğin sağlandığı değerlendirilmiştir. Ölçüm aracının her iki örneklemde de (Cronbach alfa yetişkin = .79; Cronbach alfa genç = .77) iyi derecede güvenirlik değerlerine sahip olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları, takımlarda sosyal kaytarma algısını ölçmek için kullanılan Algılanan Sosyal Kaytarma Ölçeği Türkçe formunun, genç ve yetişkin sporcularla gerçekleştirilecek çalışmalarda kullanılabilecek ölçüde güvenirlik ve geçerliğe sahip olduğunu göstermektedir.

Keywords

• Algılanan Sosyal Kaytarma Ölçeği
• sosyal kaytarma
• algı
• sporcu
• motivasyon

Perceived Social Loafing Questionnaire - Turkish Form: A Validity and Reliability Study in a Sample of Youth and Adult Athletes

Abstract

The phenomenon of social loafing can be described as a “social disease” due to its negative effects on individuals, soci-al institutions, and organizations in society. This study aimed to examine the validity and reliability of the Turkish ver-sion of the Perceived Social Loafing Questionnaire (PSLQ) in the context of young and adult athletes. The participants of the study are composed of young and adult athletes from team sports (football, basketball, volleyball, handball, rugby, and swimming), who were recruited through convenience sampling. The adult participants consisted of 201 ath-letes (73 female and 128 male; Mage = 21.59 years, SD = 3.84), whereas the young participants consisted of 226 athletes (107 female and 119 male; Mage = 14.43 years, SD = 1.31). The Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was applied to test the construct validity of the measure, the composite reliability (CR) and average variance extracted (AVE) were calcu-lated to assess the convergence validity, and the correlations with other theoretically-related measures were calculated. Reliability tests included internal consistency coefficient (coefficient alpha), CR, and item-total correlations. The CFA results indicated that the model fits the data well in both participants. Construct validity was also evidenced through correlations with other theoretically-related variables (collective efficacy and perceived social loafing; team cohesion and perceived social loafing) with relationships being negative and significant. Satisfactory convergent validity was ac-hieved through AVE and CR, with values exceeding the acceptable levels of convergence. The reliability coefficients of the measure were suitable for both participants (Cronbach’s alpha adult = 0.79; Cronbach’s alpha young = 0.77). This study demonstrates that the Turkish version of the PSLQ, which is used to measure the perception of social loafing in teams, has adequate evidence of reliability and validity to support its use in studies with young and adult athletes.

Keywords

• Perceived Social Loafing Questionnaire
• social loafing
• perception
• athletes
• motivation

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