Don Kişot Sosyal Merkezi İşgalcilerinin Mekan Çerçevelerindeki Kimlik Konumlandırmaları

Abstract

Politik mekanın nasıl çerçevelendiğine dair yapılan çalışmalar kimlik inşa sürecine geniş bir perspektif sağlar. Çerçeveler hareketin ve hareketin yürütüldüğü mekanın ideolojik kültürüne yönelik olarak alternatif gerçeklikler barındırır, mekandaki farklı ve/veya alternatif kimlikleri konumlandırır ve anlatıcının özne pozisyonunu görünür kılar. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’nin son zamanlardaki en meşhur politik işgal örneği sayılan İstanbul Kadıköy’deki Don Kişot Sosyal Merkezi’ndeki (mekan 2013-2015 yılları arasında açık kalmıştır) işgalcilerin yaptığı mekan çerçevelerindeki farklı kimlik inşaları çalışılmıştır. İşgal evinde aktif olarak bulunmuş 13 kişiyle yarı-yapılandırılmış ve derinlemesine mülakatlar yapılmıştır. Görüşmeler eleştirel söylemsel psikoloji tekniğiyle analiz edilmiştir. Mekan içindeki farklı grupların birbirine zıt kimlik konumlandırmaları (örgütlüler ve örgütlü olmayanlar/anti-politikler arasında) ve farklı mekan çerçevelendirmeleri yaptıkları görülmüştür. Alıntılar Don Kişot Sosyal Merkez’e dair ortak üç açıklayıcı repertuvar (bir alternatif olarak işgal evi, düzenli bir yer, ideolojinin sınırlandığı alan) altında kategorize edilmiştir. Bu alıntılar politik eylemin kişiselliğini ve mekanın politikliğini aydınlatırken, katılımcıların kendi kimlik konumları ekseninde retorik olarak inşa ettikleri alternatif mekan çerçevelerini de göstermektedir. Ana sonuçlardan biri katılımcıların, aynı hareketin bir katılımcısı halindeyken ve aynı repertuvardan konuşuyorlarken bile kendilerini ve ötekileri belli özne pozisyonlarına konumlandırmak adına birbirine zıt çerçevelendirmeler inşa ettiğidir. Özetle bu çalışmada bir müşterekleştirme eylemindeki iç-grup ilişkileri ve dilsel kimlik inşa taktikleri ele alınmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, Yeni Sosyal Hareketler kategorisine giren bu tür hareketlerin yeniliğini tartışmak üzere ve bu hareketlerin hakiki alternatifleri, politik arenada gündeme getirdikleri konular ve diğer kolektif kimlik oluşturmanın başka yolları hakkında sorular sorulmaktadır.

Keywords

• Mekan çerçeveleri
• söylem analizi
• kimlik konumlandırma
• işgal

Identity Positionings in Squatters’ Framings of Don Quijote Social Centre

Abstract

Studies on how to frame a political place render a broad perspective over identity making processes. Frames construct alternative realities based on the ideological culture (idioculture) of a movement and political place, and they position opposing and/or alternative identities within that place while setting the subject position of the narrator. This study deals with identity making within critical discursive psychology through the place frame of squatters who participated in Turkey’s most famous and recent (open between 2013-2015) urban political squatting incident at the Don Quijote Social Centre in Kadiköy, Istanbul. An analysis of 13 semi-structured in-depth interviews with the actual participants of the squat yields results which illuminate opposite identity positionings (between opposing positions of organized and unorganized/anti-political individuals) and contradicting place frames. Categorized under three argumentative repertoires (squat as an alternative, an orderly place, and a space with limited ideology), the findings reveal how political action and place are politicized by focusing on different place frames which the participants rhetorically make based on their subject positions. While people make use of the same repertoire and are part of the same movement, they make framings in an opposing way in order to position themselves and others into certain subject positions. In conclusion, the present study focuses on in-group relations and identity making in this commoning incident. In the conclusion, arguments like the novelty of these kinds of movement that fall under the category of New Social Movements, their genuine alternativeness, the topics they introduce to the political arena and other ways of collective identity formation are debated upon.

Keywords

• Place frames
• discourse analysis
• identity positioning
• squatting

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