Hemodiyaliz Hastalarına Bakım Verenlerde Bakıcı Stres Modelinin Test Edilmesi

Year 2019, Volume: 39 Issue: 2, 401 - 427, 24.12.2019

Ayşenur Aktaş H. Özlem Sertel-berk

https://doi.org/10.26650/SP2018-0012

Abstract

Kronik Böbrek Yetmezliği (KBY), uzun süren, ilerleyici ve bakım almayı gerekli kılan, kronik bir hastalıktır. Sıklıkla hemodiyaliz tedavisi ile izlenen KBY hastalığına ve tedavisine ait süreçte hastalar kadar onlara bakım veren yakınları (informal bakım veren) ve sağlık ekibi de (formal bakım veren) hastalık ve tedavi sürecinin zorluğunu yaşamaktadırlar. Bu çalışma kapsamında hemodiyaliz hastalarının informal ve formal bakım verenlerinin bakım verme süreçlerinin ‘Bakıcı Stres Modeli’ çerçevesinde incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. İstanbul’daki çeşitli diyaliz birimlerinden 50 informal (yaş Ort. = 48.5, %92 kadın) ve 63 formal (yaş Ort. = 33.4, %84 kadın) bakım verenin katıldığı araştırmada Yetişkinler için Psikolojik Dayanıklılık Ölçeği, Çok Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği, Bakıcı İyilik Ölçeği, Stresle Baş Etme Tarzları Ölçeği, Maslach Tükenmişlik Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlara bakıldığında Bakıcı İyilik Ölçeği’nin faktörlerinden yaşamsal faaliyetler ile Maslach Tükenmişlik Ölçeği kişisel başarı faktörü arasında Stresle Baş Etme Tarzları Ölçeği kendine güvensiz faktörünün biçimlendirici; psikolojik dayanıklılık, Stresle Baş Etme Tarzları Ölçeği kendine güvenli ve kendine güvensiz faktörlerinin ise tam aracı etkiye sahip oldukları görülmektedir. Bu çalışma ile Bakıcı Stres Modeli ilk defa hemodiyaliz hastalarının hem informal hem de formal bakım verenleri üzerinde test edilmiştir. Ayrıca, alan yazında sıklıkla biçimlendirici etkileri ele alınan psikolojik dayanıklılık, baş etme ve sosyal destek değişkenlerinin modeli kısmen destekleyen aracı etkilerine katkı sunulmuştur.

Keywords

Bakım verme, hemodiyaliz, bakıcı stres modeli, kronik böbrek yetmezliği

Testing the Caregiver Stress Model with the Caregivers of Hemodialysis Patients

Abstract

Chronic renal failure (CRF) is a long, progressive, and chronic condition that requires care. In hemodialysis treatment, which is the most preferred treatment method in CRF, caregivers (informal caregivers) and health teams (formal caregivers) have difficulties as much as patients during the period of illness, and treatment. The aim of this study is to investigate the caregiving process of hemodialysis patients’ informal and formal caregivers within the frame of the “Caregiver Stress Model”. Informal (N = 50, mean of age: 48.5, 92% of which were woman), and formal (N = 63, mean of age: 33.4, 84%of which were woman) caregivers from various dialysis units in Istanbul participated in the study. The Resilience Scale for Adults, The Caregiver Well-Being Scale, The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, The Ways of Coping Inventory, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory were used. The results showed that the unconfident coping factor of The Ways of Coping Inventory was a moderator of the relationship between the vital activities and personal success which is sub-dimension of Maslach Burnout Inventory was revealed. Also, the findings suggested that resilience, self-confident and unconfident coping factors were significant mediators of the relationships between the vital activities and personal success. The importance of this study is that the caregiver stress model being tested on caregivers of hemodialysis patients has never appeared in the literature before. In the literature, psychological resilience, coping and social support variables, whose formative effects are frequently discussed, contributed to the mediator effects that partially supported the model. Our findings are discussed in light of other published studies in the field.

Keywords

Caregiving, hemodialysis, caregiver stress model, chronic renal failure

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