Duygu Yüklü Kelimelerin İşlenmesinde Konfigürasyon Temelli Temsiller

Year 2020, Volume: 40 Issue: 1, 79 - 104, 27.03.2020

Elif Memiş Çiçek Güney Ahu Gökçe

https://doi.org/10.26650/SP2019-0014

Abstract

Duyguların bilişsel süreçlere etkisi son yıllarda sıklıkla çalışılan bir konu olmuştur. Bu çalışmada duyguların görsel-mekansal dikkat süreci ile ilişkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bireylerin görsel-mekansal dikkat süreçleri, konfigürasyon oluşturan kelimelerin lokalizasyon görevi sırasında işlenmesi yoluyla incelenmiştir. Lokalizasyon görevinde katılımcılardan gördükleri fiksasyon işaretinin (‘+’) rengi ile aynı renkte yazılı olan kelimenin konfigürasyondaki yerini klavyede önceden belirlenen tuşa basarak belirtmeleri istenmiştir. Her denemede, farklı renklerde dört kelime, bir kare konfigürasyonu oluşturacak şekilde konumlandırılmıştır. Farklı deney koşullarında kare konfigürasyonu oluşturan kelimeler duygusal değerlikte (nötr, pozitif ve negatif kelimeler) farklılık göstermiştir. Denemeler arası geçişlerde (deneme 1  deneme 2) hedef uyaranın konfigürasyondaki yeri (örn., sağ üst köşe), konfigürasyonun büyüklüğü (büyük ya da küçük kare) ve kelime türü (duygu yüklü, nötr kelime) değişiklik göstermiştir. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, duygu yüklü ve nötr kelimelerin işlenmesi sürecinde etkili olan değişkenler arasındaki etkileşimi incelemektir. Bu değişkenler, dikkatin yönlendirildiği alanın boyutu ve denemeler arasında tekrarlanan ya da değişen hedef uyaran konum tespitidir. Kare konfigürasyonun denemeler arasında büyük ya da küçük olması dikkatin yönlendirildiği alanın boyutunu belirlemektedir. Sonuçlar kullanılan kelime türünün ve konfigürasyon boyutunun lokalizasyon görevi performansında farklılığa yol açtığını göstermektedir. Nötr ve negatif kelimeler kullanıldığında hedef uyaran lokasyonun denemeler arasında tekrarlanmasının tepki süresinin uzamasına sebep olduğu bulunmuştur. Hedef uyaranın lokasyonu farklı olduğunda ise katılımcıların tepki süresinin kısaldığı, yani kelimenin işlenmesinin daha kolay olduğu gösterilmiştir. Ayrıca, yalnızca duygu yüklü kelimeler kullanıldığında büyük konfigürasyonların küçük konfigürasyonlara göre daha iyi bir performansa yol açtığı gözlemlenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında elde edilen bulgular, kelime uyaranlarının kullanımı ile konfigürasyonların otomatik olarak oluştuğunu ve duygu yüklü ve nötr kelimelerin farklı şekilde işlenmesinde etkisi olduğunu göstermektedir.

Keywords

Duygusal kelime işlenmesi, konfigürel temsiller, global/ yerel işleme süreçleri, görsel tarama, mekansal dikkat

Emotional Word Processing Within Configural Representations

Abstract

The impact of emotions on cognitive processes has been studied intensively in the last years. The aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between visuospatial attention processes and emotions. Visuospatial attention processes were investigated by using a localization task which required processing of the words that formed the configuration. In the localization task, participants were asked to indicate the position of the target word which matched the color of the fixation cross (“+”) by pressing the relevant keyboard button. In each trial, four words in different colors were positioned to form a square configuration. In different experimental conditions, words that formed the configuration varied in their valence (neutral, positive and negative words). The intertrial transitions (trial 1  trial 2) consisted of changes in the target’s location within the configuration (e.g. top right corner), size of configuration (big/small square) and type of word (emotional/neutral). The main goal of the present study is to investigate the interaction between the processing of emotional and neutral words and certain variables. The variables were the size of the attended area and localizing the target word that was repeated or changed across trials. By changing the size of the configuration (small / big sized square) across trials, the size of the attended area was determined. The results revealed that changes in word valence and size of the configuration led to differences in the localization task performance. It was found that neutral and negative words led to target location repetition cost. Different location targets were processed faster suggesting that word processing was easier. Additionally, bigger, compared to smaller configurations, led to better performance only when emotional words were used. Overall findings of the present study suggest that configural representations are formed automatically by using the word stimuli, and they influence the processing of emotional and neutral words differently.

Keywords

Emotional word processing, configural representations, global/local processing, visual search, spatial attention

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