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SOMALİ’NİN ETİYOPYA BÖLGESİNDEKİ KADIN GİRİŞİMCİLERİN KARŞILAŞTIĞI ZORLUKLAR VE MOTİVASYON KAYNAKLARI

Year 2016, Issue: 54, 169 - 198, 20.12.2016

Abstract




Kadın girişimciliğine yönelik geniş çaplı ilgiye 1980’lerde şahit olunmuştur. Kadın
girişimciliğinin önünde finansal, kültürel, normatif sorunlar, hükümet düzenlemelerinden
kaynaklanan kısıtlamalar, beşeri sermaye ve sosyal ağ sorunları olmakla birlikte birçok
nedenle günümüzde sürekli daha fazla kadın iş kurmakta ve girişimci davranışları
göstermektedir. Bu nedenler itici (gereklilik) etkenlerinden ve/veya çekim etkisi yaratan
(fırsat) etkenlerinden olabilir. Çalışma, Etiyopya’nın Somali bölgesinden kasıtlı olarak seçilen
180 kadın girişimcinin zorluklarını ve motivasyonlarını ele almaktadır. Yönlendirilmiş yüz
yüze anket çalışması 160 kadın girişimci ile yürütülmüştür. Çalışma sonucu göstermiştir ki 
kadın girişimcilerin mikrofinans kredileri için talep yaratmaları gerekmektedir. Çoğu kez
işlerini ya kişisel tasarrufları ya da aile ve arkadaşlarından borç alarak kurmaktadırlar; bu
da işin devamlılığı için bir kısıt olarak karşılarına çıkabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada kültürel
zorluklar kadın girişimciliğinin önünde bir engel olarak bulunmamakla birlikte sosyal ağlar
ve hükümet düzenlemeleri birer engel olarak öne çıkmıştır. Ayrıca kadın girişimcilerin bir
gelir yaratma ve bağımsız olma istekleri ile motive oldukları da görülmüştür. 

References

  • Abdul Shmaılın )2014). Women entrepreneurs in Saudi Arabia: Comparison of Barriers and Motovations: Moving from Disenfranchisement to Empowerment, Elite Research Journal of Education and Review, 2(2) pp. 6 - 21.
  • Allen, I. E., N. Langowitz, and M. Minitti. 2007. Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, 2006 Report on Women and Entrepreneurship. Center for Women’s Leadership, Babson College, and London School of Economics.
  • Andrea E. Smith-Hunter, (2006). Women Entrepreneurs Across Racial Lines, Issue of Human capital, Financial capital andNetwork capital, Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, UK.
  • Anker, R. 2001. Theories of Occupational Segregation by Sex: An Overview, chapter 8 in Women, Gender and Work, edited by Martha Fetherolf Loutfi. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labor Office.
  • Anne Marie Spevacek, (2010). Constraints of Female Entrepreneurship in Sub Saharan Africa: KCS research series report, USA
  • Baughn, C.C., Chua, B., Neupert, K.E. (2006). The normative context for women’s participation in entrepreneurship: a multi country study. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 30 (5), pp. 687-708.
  • Beggs, J.J. 1995. The Institutional Environment: Implications for Race and Gender Inequality in the U.S. Labor Market. American Sociological Review, 60, 612-33.
  • Birley, S. (1989), ‘Female entrepreneurs: Are they really any different?’, Journal of Small Business Management, 27 (1), 32-7.
  • Bregger, J. 1996. Measuring Self-employment in the United States. Monthly Labor Review, 3-9.
  • Bruin de, A., Brush, C. Welter, F. (2006). Introduction to the Special Issue: Towards Building Cumulative Knowledge on Women’s Entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, Vol. 30, No. 5, pp. 585-593.

CHALLENGES AND MOTIVATIONS OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN SOMALI REGION OF ETHIOPIA

Year 2016, Issue: 54, 169 - 198, 20.12.2016

Abstract








It was only after 1980’s that great influx in to women entrepreneurship was witnessed.
However, challenges faced by women entrepreneurs involves among, others, financial,
human capital, network, cultural/normative challenges and government regulations. Yet
nowadays women are more and more starting businesses and acting entrepreneurial for
many reasons. These could be either of push (necessity) factors and/or pull (opportunity)
factors. The paper examines challenges and motivations of 180 women entrepreneurs in
Somali Region of Ethiopia who were purposively selected for the study. Administered
face-to-face survey was conducted with 160 women entrepreneurs. The result of the paper
shows that women entrepreneurs need demand creation in the area of microfinance loan
applications. Women entrepreneurs start their businesses with their own personal savings
and loans from family and friends, which is constraint to continuation of their businesses.
Cultural challenges were not found to be barrier to women entrepreneurs in this paper,
but the network challenges and government regulations were found to be challenges to
women entrepreneurs. The paper also found that women entrepreneurs are motivated by
the desire to generate income and become independent. 




References

  • Abdul Shmaılın )2014). Women entrepreneurs in Saudi Arabia: Comparison of Barriers and Motovations: Moving from Disenfranchisement to Empowerment, Elite Research Journal of Education and Review, 2(2) pp. 6 - 21.
  • Allen, I. E., N. Langowitz, and M. Minitti. 2007. Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, 2006 Report on Women and Entrepreneurship. Center for Women’s Leadership, Babson College, and London School of Economics.
  • Andrea E. Smith-Hunter, (2006). Women Entrepreneurs Across Racial Lines, Issue of Human capital, Financial capital andNetwork capital, Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, UK.
  • Anker, R. 2001. Theories of Occupational Segregation by Sex: An Overview, chapter 8 in Women, Gender and Work, edited by Martha Fetherolf Loutfi. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labor Office.
  • Anne Marie Spevacek, (2010). Constraints of Female Entrepreneurship in Sub Saharan Africa: KCS research series report, USA
  • Baughn, C.C., Chua, B., Neupert, K.E. (2006). The normative context for women’s participation in entrepreneurship: a multi country study. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 30 (5), pp. 687-708.
  • Beggs, J.J. 1995. The Institutional Environment: Implications for Race and Gender Inequality in the U.S. Labor Market. American Sociological Review, 60, 612-33.
  • Birley, S. (1989), ‘Female entrepreneurs: Are they really any different?’, Journal of Small Business Management, 27 (1), 32-7.
  • Bregger, J. 1996. Measuring Self-employment in the United States. Monthly Labor Review, 3-9.
  • Bruin de, A., Brush, C. Welter, F. (2006). Introduction to the Special Issue: Towards Building Cumulative Knowledge on Women’s Entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, Vol. 30, No. 5, pp. 585-593.
There are 10 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section OTHER ARTICLES
Authors

Abdirahman Muhumad This is me

Publication Date December 20, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Issue: 54

Cite

APA Muhumad, A. (2016). CHALLENGES AND MOTIVATIONS OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN SOMALI REGION OF ETHIOPIA. Istanbul Journal of Sociological Studies(54), 169-198.
AMA Muhumad A. CHALLENGES AND MOTIVATIONS OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN SOMALI REGION OF ETHIOPIA. Istanbul Journal of Sociological Studies. December 2016;(54):169-198.
Chicago Muhumad, Abdirahman. “CHALLENGES AND MOTIVATIONS OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN SOMALI REGION OF ETHIOPIA”. Istanbul Journal of Sociological Studies, no. 54 (December 2016): 169-98.
EndNote Muhumad A (December 1, 2016) CHALLENGES AND MOTIVATIONS OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN SOMALI REGION OF ETHIOPIA. Istanbul Journal of Sociological Studies 54 169–198.
IEEE A. Muhumad, “CHALLENGES AND MOTIVATIONS OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN SOMALI REGION OF ETHIOPIA”, Istanbul Journal of Sociological Studies, no. 54, pp. 169–198, December 2016.
ISNAD Muhumad, Abdirahman. “CHALLENGES AND MOTIVATIONS OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN SOMALI REGION OF ETHIOPIA”. Istanbul Journal of Sociological Studies 54 (December 2016), 169-198.
JAMA Muhumad A. CHALLENGES AND MOTIVATIONS OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN SOMALI REGION OF ETHIOPIA. Istanbul Journal of Sociological Studies. 2016;:169–198.
MLA Muhumad, Abdirahman. “CHALLENGES AND MOTIVATIONS OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN SOMALI REGION OF ETHIOPIA”. Istanbul Journal of Sociological Studies, no. 54, 2016, pp. 169-98.
Vancouver Muhumad A. CHALLENGES AND MOTIVATIONS OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN SOMALI REGION OF ETHIOPIA. Istanbul Journal of Sociological Studies. 2016(54):169-98.