Determinants of Health Expenditures on the Axis of the Misery Index and Economic Development in OECD Countries: A Non-Additive Fixed Effects Panel Quantile Regression Approach

Abstract

Identifying the growth in health expenditures and the factors affecting expenditure is a global problem. Accordingly, based on the recent developments in the economic growth literature, the determinants of health expenditures in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries with similar economic development levels were analyzed within the framework of misery index and economic development. This study considers the data set and accessibility of the variables in the analysis, conducted for 34 OECD countries covering 2001–2019. In addition to the real gross domestic product per capita, the economic development indicator of the countries, this study analyzed the misery index, which is the macroeconomic performance indicator, the effects of the urban population, life expectancy at birth, household expenditures, and political stability as a state-institutional factor on health expenditures with the non-additive fixed-effect panel quantile regression method. According to the findings, the effect of the misery index and gross domestic product per capita on health expenditures at each quantile level was positive. In line with the findings, for governments to suppress growth in health expenditures, revising the health system would potentially be more effective than improving macroeconomic conditions.

Keywords

• Health Expenditures
• Misery Index
• Panel Data Analysis

OECD Ülkelerinde Sefalet Endeksi ve Ekonomik Kalkınma Ekseninde Sağlık Harcamalarının Belirleyicileri: Toplamsal Olmayan Sabit Etkili Panel Kantil Regresyon Yaklaşımı

Abstract

Sağlık harcamalarındaki büyüme ve harcamayı etkileyen faktörlerin neler olduğunun belirlenmesi küresel bir sorundur. Bu doğrultuda çalışmada ekonomik büyüme literatüründeki son gelişmelere dayanarak, benzer ekonomik gelişmişlik düzeyine sahip olan OECD ülkelerinde sağlık harcamalarının belirleyicileri sefalet endeksi ve ekonomik kalkınma çerçevesinde analiz edilmiştir. Analizde veri seti ve değişkenlere ulaşılabilirlik dikkate alınarak 2001-2019 dönemini kapsayan 34 OECD ülkesi için analiz gerçekleştirilmiştir. Analizde ülkelerin ekonomik kalkınma göstergesi olan reel kişi başına GSYİH (LPGDP), makroekonomik performans göstergesi olan sefalet endeksine ek olarak, kentsel nüfus, doğumda yaşam beklentisi, hane halkı harcamaları ve devlet-kurumsal faktör olarak siyasi istikrar değişkeninin sağlık harcamaları üzerindeki etkisi toplamsal olmayan sabit etkili panel kantil regresyon yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre sefalet endeksinin ve kişi başına GSYİH’nın incelenen her kantil düzeyinde sağlık harcamaları üzerindeki etkisi pozitif olarak tespit edilmiş, ele alınan diğer değişkenlerle birlikte elde edilen bulgular değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda hükümetlerin sağlık harcamalarındaki büyümeyi bastırması için sağlık sistemini revize etmenin makroekonomik koşulları iyileştirmekten daha etkili olacağı belirtilmiştir.

Keywords

• Sağlık Harcamaları
• Sefalet Endeksi
• Panel Veri Analizi

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