Female Poverty in the Context of Care Ethics

Year 2022, Issue: 82, 383 - 405, 30.06.2022

Emine Elif Ayhan

https://doi.org/10.26650/jspc.2022.82.1007390

Abstract

Care is a multi-pronged concept that expresses support for people who cannot fulfill their daily living activities owing to old age, illness, disability, or other conditions; this includes maintaining the social order. Social responsibility for the provision of care is seen as an obligation that must be met within the household rather than in public spaces. Given the gendered nature of power relationships within the household, the provision of care ultimately becomes the responsibility of women. Caring duties imposed on women with a traditional understanding impoverish women in many ways. Despite some policies being implemented to combat this type of poverty, women clearly still spend more time performing unpaid care work compared to men. This “feminine nature” in the care business has brought forth an understanding of ethical care. The ethics of care implies a moral importance in the core elements of human relationships and needs in giving and receiving care. Such ethics, which focus on maintaining the relationships between caregivers and care recipients by harmonizing the welfare of caregivers within the social network, comprise an approach that provides a new reading of human relations. The present investigation examines studies on the concepts of social care and care ethics and contributes to the conceptual and moral discussions on the nature of care, arguing that global care ethics should be built by considering care services beyond private or personal relationships and sexist approaches.

Keywords

Care, Social care, Ethics of care (care ethics), Female poverty

Bakım Etiği Penceresinden Kadın Yoksulluğu

Abstract

Bakım; yaşlılık, hastalık, engellilik veya diğer koşullar nedeniyle günlük yaşam aktivitelerini yerine getiremeyen kişilere yönelik desteği ifade eden ve toplumsal düzeni korumayı içeren çok yönlü bir kavramdır. Bakımın sağlanmasına yönelik sosyal sorumluluk, kamusal alanlardan ziyade hane içinde karşılanması gereken bir yükümlülük olarak görülmektedir. Hane içindeki güç ilişkilerinin cinsiyete dayalı doğası göz önüne alındığında, bakımın sağlanması nihai olarak kadınların mesuliyetindedir. Geleneksel bir anlayışla kadınlara yüklenen bakım görevleri, pek çok açıdan kadınları yoksullaştırmaktadır. Bu tür bir yoksulluk çeşidi ile mücadele etmek için bazı politikalar uygulanmasına rağmen kadınların ücretsiz bakım işinde hala erkeklerden daha fazla zaman harcadıkları ortadadır. Bakım işindeki bu ‘‘kadınsal doğa’’, etik bakım anlayışını doğurmuştur. Etik bakım, bakım hizmeti verme ve alma konusunda insan ilişkilerinin ve ihtiyaçlarının ana unsurlarında ahlaki bir önem olduğunu ima eder. Sosyal ilişkiler ağı içinde bakım verenler ile bakım alanların refahını uyumlaştırarak aralarındaki ilişkileri sürdürmeye odaklanan etik bakım, bir anlamda insan ilişkilerinin yeni bir okumasını sağlayan bir yaklaşım türüdür. Bu çalışma sosyal bakım ve bakım etiği kavramları ile ilgili çalışmaları içermekte, bakımın doğası hakkında kavramsal ve ahlaki tartışmalara katkıda bulunmakta ve bakım hizmetlerini özel veya kişisel ilişkilerin ve cinsiyetçi yaklaşımların ötesinde ele alarak küresel bir bakım etiğinin inşa edilmesi gerektiğini savunmaktadır.

Keywords

Bakım, Sosyal bakım, Etik bakım, Kadın yoksulluğu, Üçüncü vardiya

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