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A Conceptional Examination of Urban Poverty: Under–Class or Ghetto Poverty?

Year 2009, Issue: 56, 393 - 407, 08.10.2010

Abstract

In this paper, the basic concepts commonly used in the discussions of urban poverty are briefly examined. As a result of this examination, the main aim of this study is to provide guidance to the general reader with no mastery of the literature of the concepts used in the analysis related to the problem of urban poverty; on the other hand, to provide introductory information for those researchers recently interested in the literature. It is because the arbitrary usage of some of the concepts related to poverty such as the interchangeable use of underclass and lower–class, similar to all other conceptualizations, invalidates the efforts trying to understand and explain them. Therefore, there certainly is a need to decide whether foreign concepts borrowed from different cultural contexts are usable to describe domestic facts and cases.

References

  • Atkinson, Rob & Simin Davoudi; “The Concept of Social Exclusion in the European Union: Context, Development and Possibilities”, Journal of Common Market Studies, Vol. 38, No. 3, 2000, pp. 427–28.
  • Bauman, Zygmunt; Calisma, Tuketicilik ve Yeni Yoksullar [Work, Consumerism and the New Poor], Istanbul: Sarmal Yayinevi, February 1999. Brady, David; “Rethinking the Sociological Measurement of Poverty”, Social Forces, Vol. 81, No. 3, 2003, pp. 723–24.
  • Dahl, Espen, Fløtten, Tone & Thomas Lorentzen; “Poverty Dynamics and Social Exclusion: An Analysis of Norwegian Panel Data”, Journal of Social Policy, Vol. 37, No. 2, 2008, pp. 232–34.
  • Duffy, Katherine; Social Exclusion and Human Dignity in Europe, Strasbourg: Council of Europe, 1995, p. 18.
  • Fainstein, Susan S., Gordon, Ian & Michael Harloe [eds.]; Divided Cities: New York & London in the Contemporary World [Studies in Urban and Social Change], London: Blackwell Publishers, 2000.
  • Hamnett, C.; “Social Segregation and Social Polarization”, Handbook of Urban Studies, ed. R. Paddison, London: Sage Publ., 2001.
  • Hoffman, Saul D. & Greg J. Duncan, “Teenage Underclass Behavior and Subsequent Poverty: Have The Rules Changed?”, The Urban Underclass, eds. Paul E. Peterson & Christopher Jencks, Washington D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 1991, p. 166.
  • Insel, Ahmet; “Iki Yoksulluk Tanimi ve Bir Oneri” [Two Definitions of Poverty and One Suggestion], Toplum ve Bilim Dergisi, No. 89, 2001, pp. 64–6.
  • Insel, Ahmet; “Yoksulluk, Dislanma ve STK’lar” [Poverty, Exclusion and NGOs], Sivil Toplum ve Demokrasi Konferans Yazilari–6, ed. Arzu Karamani, Istanbul: Istanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Sivil Toplum Kuruluslari Egitim ve Arastirma Birimi Yayinlari, 2005, p. 8.
  • Jargowsky, Paul A. & Mary Jo Bane; “Ghetto Poverty in the United States, 1970–1980”, The Urban Underclass, eds. Christopher Jencks & Paul E. Peterson, Washington D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 1991, pp. 235–36.
  • Kanbur, Ravi & Diganta Mukherjee; “Poverty, Relative to the Ability to Eradicate It: An Index of Poverty Reduction Failure”, Economics Letters, No. 97, 2007, pp. 52–3.
  • Leonard, Madeleine; “The Long–Term Unemployed, Informal Economic Activity and the Underclass in Belfast: Rejecting or Reinstating the Work Ethic”, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research [IJURR], Vol. 22, No. 1, 1998, p. 56.
  • Macours, Karen & Johan F.M. Swinnen; “Rural–Urban Poverty Differences in Transition Countries”, LICOS Centre for Institutions and Economic Performance, Discussion Papers, No. 169, 2007, pp. 1–3.
  • Murray, Charles; Losing Ground: American Social Policy, 1950–1980, USA: Basic Books, 1994.

A Conceptional Examination of Urban Poverty: Under–Class or Ghetto Poverty?

Year 2009, Issue: 56, 393 - 407, 08.10.2010

Abstract

In this paper, the basic concepts commonly used in the discussions
of urban poverty are briefly examined. As a result of this examination,
the main aim of this study is to provide guidance to the general reader
with no mastery of the literature of the concepts used in the analysis
related to the problem of urban poverty; on the other hand, to provide
introductory information for those researchers recently interested in the
literature. It is because the arbitrary usage of some of the concepts
related to poverty such as the interchangeable use of underclass and
lower–class, similar to all other conceptualizations, invalidates the
efforts trying to understand and explain them.
Therefore, there certainly is a need to decide whether foreign
concepts borrowed from different cultural contexts are usable to
describe domestic facts and cases. 

References

  • Atkinson, Rob & Simin Davoudi; “The Concept of Social Exclusion in the European Union: Context, Development and Possibilities”, Journal of Common Market Studies, Vol. 38, No. 3, 2000, pp. 427–28.
  • Bauman, Zygmunt; Calisma, Tuketicilik ve Yeni Yoksullar [Work, Consumerism and the New Poor], Istanbul: Sarmal Yayinevi, February 1999. Brady, David; “Rethinking the Sociological Measurement of Poverty”, Social Forces, Vol. 81, No. 3, 2003, pp. 723–24.
  • Dahl, Espen, Fløtten, Tone & Thomas Lorentzen; “Poverty Dynamics and Social Exclusion: An Analysis of Norwegian Panel Data”, Journal of Social Policy, Vol. 37, No. 2, 2008, pp. 232–34.
  • Duffy, Katherine; Social Exclusion and Human Dignity in Europe, Strasbourg: Council of Europe, 1995, p. 18.
  • Fainstein, Susan S., Gordon, Ian & Michael Harloe [eds.]; Divided Cities: New York & London in the Contemporary World [Studies in Urban and Social Change], London: Blackwell Publishers, 2000.
  • Hamnett, C.; “Social Segregation and Social Polarization”, Handbook of Urban Studies, ed. R. Paddison, London: Sage Publ., 2001.
  • Hoffman, Saul D. & Greg J. Duncan, “Teenage Underclass Behavior and Subsequent Poverty: Have The Rules Changed?”, The Urban Underclass, eds. Paul E. Peterson & Christopher Jencks, Washington D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 1991, p. 166.
  • Insel, Ahmet; “Iki Yoksulluk Tanimi ve Bir Oneri” [Two Definitions of Poverty and One Suggestion], Toplum ve Bilim Dergisi, No. 89, 2001, pp. 64–6.
  • Insel, Ahmet; “Yoksulluk, Dislanma ve STK’lar” [Poverty, Exclusion and NGOs], Sivil Toplum ve Demokrasi Konferans Yazilari–6, ed. Arzu Karamani, Istanbul: Istanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Sivil Toplum Kuruluslari Egitim ve Arastirma Birimi Yayinlari, 2005, p. 8.
  • Jargowsky, Paul A. & Mary Jo Bane; “Ghetto Poverty in the United States, 1970–1980”, The Urban Underclass, eds. Christopher Jencks & Paul E. Peterson, Washington D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 1991, pp. 235–36.
  • Kanbur, Ravi & Diganta Mukherjee; “Poverty, Relative to the Ability to Eradicate It: An Index of Poverty Reduction Failure”, Economics Letters, No. 97, 2007, pp. 52–3.
  • Leonard, Madeleine; “The Long–Term Unemployed, Informal Economic Activity and the Underclass in Belfast: Rejecting or Reinstating the Work Ethic”, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research [IJURR], Vol. 22, No. 1, 1998, p. 56.
  • Macours, Karen & Johan F.M. Swinnen; “Rural–Urban Poverty Differences in Transition Countries”, LICOS Centre for Institutions and Economic Performance, Discussion Papers, No. 169, 2007, pp. 1–3.
  • Murray, Charles; Losing Ground: American Social Policy, 1950–1980, USA: Basic Books, 1994.
There are 14 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Business Administration
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Doğan Bıçkı

Serhat Özgökçeler This is me

Publication Date October 8, 2010
Submission Date October 8, 2010
Published in Issue Year 2009 Issue: 56

Cite

APA Bıçkı, D., & Özgökçeler, S. (2010). A Conceptional Examination of Urban Poverty: Under–Class or Ghetto Poverty?. Journal of Social Policy Conferences(56), 393-407.
AMA Bıçkı D, Özgökçeler S. A Conceptional Examination of Urban Poverty: Under–Class or Ghetto Poverty?. Journal of Social Policy Conferences. October 2010;(56):393-407.
Chicago Bıçkı, Doğan, and Serhat Özgökçeler. “A Conceptional Examination of Urban Poverty: Under–Class or Ghetto Poverty?”. Journal of Social Policy Conferences, no. 56 (October 2010): 393-407.
EndNote Bıçkı D, Özgökçeler S (October 1, 2010) A Conceptional Examination of Urban Poverty: Under–Class or Ghetto Poverty?. Journal of Social Policy Conferences 56 393–407.
IEEE D. Bıçkı and S. Özgökçeler, “A Conceptional Examination of Urban Poverty: Under–Class or Ghetto Poverty?”, Journal of Social Policy Conferences, no. 56, pp. 393–407, October 2010.
ISNAD Bıçkı, Doğan - Özgökçeler, Serhat. “A Conceptional Examination of Urban Poverty: Under–Class or Ghetto Poverty?”. Journal of Social Policy Conferences 56 (October 2010), 393-407.
JAMA Bıçkı D, Özgökçeler S. A Conceptional Examination of Urban Poverty: Under–Class or Ghetto Poverty?. Journal of Social Policy Conferences. 2010;:393–407.
MLA Bıçkı, Doğan and Serhat Özgökçeler. “A Conceptional Examination of Urban Poverty: Under–Class or Ghetto Poverty?”. Journal of Social Policy Conferences, no. 56, 2010, pp. 393-07.
Vancouver Bıçkı D, Özgökçeler S. A Conceptional Examination of Urban Poverty: Under–Class or Ghetto Poverty?. Journal of Social Policy Conferences. 2010(56):393-407.