A Conceptional Examination of Urban Poverty: Under–Class or Ghetto Poverty?
Year 2009,
Issue: 56, 393 - 407, 08.10.2010
Doğan Bıçkı
,
Serhat Özgökçeler
Abstract
In this paper, the basic concepts commonly used in the discussions of urban poverty are briefly examined. As a result of this examination, the main aim of this study is to provide guidance to the general reader with no mastery of the literature of the concepts used in the analysis related to the problem of urban poverty; on the other hand, to provide introductory information for those researchers recently interested in the literature. It is because the arbitrary usage of some of the concepts related to poverty such as the interchangeable use of underclass and lower–class, similar to all other conceptualizations, invalidates the efforts trying to understand and explain them. Therefore, there certainly is a need to decide whether foreign concepts borrowed from different cultural contexts are usable to describe domestic facts and cases.
References
- Atkinson, Rob & Simin Davoudi; “The Concept of Social Exclusion in the European
Union: Context, Development and Possibilities”, Journal of Common Market
Studies, Vol. 38, No. 3, 2000, pp. 427–28.
- Bauman, Zygmunt; Calisma, Tuketicilik ve Yeni Yoksullar [Work, Consumerism and
the New Poor], Istanbul: Sarmal Yayinevi, February 1999.
Brady, David; “Rethinking the Sociological Measurement of Poverty”, Social Forces,
Vol. 81, No. 3, 2003, pp. 723–24.
- Dahl, Espen, Fløtten, Tone & Thomas Lorentzen; “Poverty Dynamics and Social
Exclusion: An Analysis of Norwegian Panel Data”, Journal of Social Policy, Vol.
37, No. 2, 2008, pp. 232–34.
- Duffy, Katherine; Social Exclusion and Human Dignity in Europe, Strasbourg: Council
of Europe, 1995, p. 18.
- Fainstein, Susan S., Gordon, Ian & Michael Harloe [eds.]; Divided Cities: New York &
London in the Contemporary World [Studies in Urban and Social Change],
London: Blackwell Publishers, 2000.
- Hamnett, C.; “Social Segregation and Social Polarization”, Handbook of Urban Studies,
ed. R. Paddison, London: Sage Publ., 2001.
- Hoffman, Saul D. & Greg J. Duncan, “Teenage Underclass Behavior and Subsequent
Poverty: Have The Rules Changed?”, The Urban Underclass, eds. Paul E.
Peterson & Christopher Jencks, Washington D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 1991,
p. 166.
- Insel, Ahmet; “Iki Yoksulluk Tanimi ve Bir Oneri” [Two Definitions of Poverty and One
Suggestion], Toplum ve Bilim Dergisi, No. 89, 2001, pp. 64–6.
- Insel, Ahmet; “Yoksulluk, Dislanma ve STK’lar” [Poverty, Exclusion and NGOs], Sivil
Toplum ve Demokrasi Konferans Yazilari–6, ed. Arzu Karamani, Istanbul:
Istanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Sivil Toplum Kuruluslari Egitim ve Arastirma Birimi
Yayinlari, 2005, p. 8.
- Jargowsky, Paul A. & Mary Jo Bane; “Ghetto Poverty in the United States, 1970–1980”,
The Urban Underclass, eds. Christopher Jencks & Paul E. Peterson, Washington
D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 1991, pp. 235–36.
- Kanbur, Ravi & Diganta Mukherjee; “Poverty, Relative to the Ability to Eradicate It: An
Index of Poverty Reduction Failure”, Economics Letters, No. 97, 2007, pp. 52–3.
- Leonard, Madeleine; “The Long–Term Unemployed, Informal Economic Activity and the
Underclass in Belfast: Rejecting or Reinstating the Work Ethic”, International
Journal of Urban and Regional Research [IJURR], Vol. 22, No. 1, 1998, p. 56.
- Macours, Karen & Johan F.M. Swinnen; “Rural–Urban Poverty Differences in Transition
Countries”, LICOS Centre for Institutions and Economic Performance,
Discussion Papers, No. 169, 2007, pp. 1–3.
- Murray, Charles; Losing Ground: American Social Policy, 1950–1980, USA: Basic Books,
1994.
A Conceptional Examination of Urban Poverty: Under–Class or Ghetto Poverty?
Year 2009,
Issue: 56, 393 - 407, 08.10.2010
Doğan Bıçkı
,
Serhat Özgökçeler
Abstract
In this paper, the basic concepts commonly used in the discussions
of urban poverty are briefly examined. As a result of this examination,
the main aim of this study is to provide guidance to the general reader
with no mastery of the literature of the concepts used in the analysis
related to the problem of urban poverty; on the other hand, to provide
introductory information for those researchers recently interested in the
literature. It is because the arbitrary usage of some of the concepts
related to poverty such as the interchangeable use of underclass and
lower–class, similar to all other conceptualizations, invalidates the
efforts trying to understand and explain them.
Therefore, there certainly is a need to decide whether foreign
concepts borrowed from different cultural contexts are usable to
describe domestic facts and cases.
References
- Atkinson, Rob & Simin Davoudi; “The Concept of Social Exclusion in the European
Union: Context, Development and Possibilities”, Journal of Common Market
Studies, Vol. 38, No. 3, 2000, pp. 427–28.
- Bauman, Zygmunt; Calisma, Tuketicilik ve Yeni Yoksullar [Work, Consumerism and
the New Poor], Istanbul: Sarmal Yayinevi, February 1999.
Brady, David; “Rethinking the Sociological Measurement of Poverty”, Social Forces,
Vol. 81, No. 3, 2003, pp. 723–24.
- Dahl, Espen, Fløtten, Tone & Thomas Lorentzen; “Poverty Dynamics and Social
Exclusion: An Analysis of Norwegian Panel Data”, Journal of Social Policy, Vol.
37, No. 2, 2008, pp. 232–34.
- Duffy, Katherine; Social Exclusion and Human Dignity in Europe, Strasbourg: Council
of Europe, 1995, p. 18.
- Fainstein, Susan S., Gordon, Ian & Michael Harloe [eds.]; Divided Cities: New York &
London in the Contemporary World [Studies in Urban and Social Change],
London: Blackwell Publishers, 2000.
- Hamnett, C.; “Social Segregation and Social Polarization”, Handbook of Urban Studies,
ed. R. Paddison, London: Sage Publ., 2001.
- Hoffman, Saul D. & Greg J. Duncan, “Teenage Underclass Behavior and Subsequent
Poverty: Have The Rules Changed?”, The Urban Underclass, eds. Paul E.
Peterson & Christopher Jencks, Washington D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 1991,
p. 166.
- Insel, Ahmet; “Iki Yoksulluk Tanimi ve Bir Oneri” [Two Definitions of Poverty and One
Suggestion], Toplum ve Bilim Dergisi, No. 89, 2001, pp. 64–6.
- Insel, Ahmet; “Yoksulluk, Dislanma ve STK’lar” [Poverty, Exclusion and NGOs], Sivil
Toplum ve Demokrasi Konferans Yazilari–6, ed. Arzu Karamani, Istanbul:
Istanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Sivil Toplum Kuruluslari Egitim ve Arastirma Birimi
Yayinlari, 2005, p. 8.
- Jargowsky, Paul A. & Mary Jo Bane; “Ghetto Poverty in the United States, 1970–1980”,
The Urban Underclass, eds. Christopher Jencks & Paul E. Peterson, Washington
D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 1991, pp. 235–36.
- Kanbur, Ravi & Diganta Mukherjee; “Poverty, Relative to the Ability to Eradicate It: An
Index of Poverty Reduction Failure”, Economics Letters, No. 97, 2007, pp. 52–3.
- Leonard, Madeleine; “The Long–Term Unemployed, Informal Economic Activity and the
Underclass in Belfast: Rejecting or Reinstating the Work Ethic”, International
Journal of Urban and Regional Research [IJURR], Vol. 22, No. 1, 1998, p. 56.
- Macours, Karen & Johan F.M. Swinnen; “Rural–Urban Poverty Differences in Transition
Countries”, LICOS Centre for Institutions and Economic Performance,
Discussion Papers, No. 169, 2007, pp. 1–3.
- Murray, Charles; Losing Ground: American Social Policy, 1950–1980, USA: Basic Books,
1994.