Research Article
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Growth Determinants from the Business Continuity Plans of Selected Travel Companies in the Philippines

Year 2023, , 147 - 156, 30.12.2023

Teresita Bautista , Rolly Mendoza

https://doi.org/10.26650/jot.2023.9.2.1327505

Abstract

This study examines the business continuity plans of selected travel companies in the Philippines. Growth determinants, as influenced by awareness to external and internal environments, include product, price, customer, cost of goods sold, sales volume, operating expenses, profit and loss with research and repositioning. Responses were collected from the travel companies or 80% (218) of the targeted respondents. A stratified sampling technique was used with the Pearson correlation coefficient which proved the link between BCPs or business continuity plans and growth determinants. It is recommended that periodic adjustments on operations or standard procedures be made as travel related businesses are market and customer driven. Changes in tourism policies, government regulations, preferences of clients, even the current inflation prod strategies to manage sales, income and company expenses. Adapting current business continuity plans ensure growth for travel companies in the now normal. Future research can deal with tour operators, accommodation, other travel and tourism providers using BCPs and discerning if their growth indicators are similar or not.

Keywords

Business continuity plan Growth Travel companies Adaptive strategy Resilience in business

Supporting Institution

Trinity University of Asia, Manuel L. Quezon University

Project Number

Coursework for GS 023

Thanks

to all persons and groups involved in the research paper, special thanks to ms noreen d. damian for her expertise and insights with the findings and interpretation of data

References

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  • Bright, D. S., Cortes, A. H., Hartmann, E., Parboteeah, K. P., Pierce, J. L., Reece, M. & O’Rourke, J. S. (2019). Principles of management. OpenStax. google scholar
  • Chemli, S., Toanoglou, M., & Valeri, M. (2020). The impact of Covid-19 media coverage on tourist’s awareness for future travelling. Current Issues in Tourism. https://doi. org/10.1080/13683500.2020.1846502 google scholar
  • Chi, H.-K., Huang, K.-C., & Nguyen, H. M. (2020). Elements of destination brand equity and destination familiarity regarding travel intention. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2018.12.012 google scholar
  • CHO, S. (2019). The effect of mobile tourism app characteristics on perceived value, satisfaction and behavioral intention. Journal of Industrial google scholar
  • Distribution & Business, 10(9), 45-52. https://doi.org/10.13106/ijidb.2019.vol10.no9.45 google scholar
  • Creswell, John W., and Vicki L. Plano Clark. 2017. Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research. 3rd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications. google scholar
  • Dinarto, D., Wanto, A., & Sebastian, L. C. (2020). COVID-19: Impact on Bintan’s tourism sector. google scholar
  • Disimulacion, M.A.T. (2020). MICE Tourism during COVID-19 and future directions for the new normal. Asia-Pacific Institute for Events Management (APIEM) Scientific International Journal, 2(1), 11- 17. https://ejournal.medan.uph.edu/index.php/apiemj/article/view/397/222 google scholar
  • Donthu, N., & Gustafsson, A. (2020). Effects of COVID-19 on business and research. Journal of business research, 117, 284-289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.06.008 google scholar
  • Fana, M., Tolan, S., Torrejon Perez, S., Urzi Brancati, M. C., & Fernandez-Macias, E. (2020). The COVID confinement measures and EU labour markets. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. google scholar
  • Gitman, L., & McDaniel, C. (2018). [eTextbook] Introduction to Business. OpenStax. google scholar
  • George, D., & Mallery, P. (2019). IBM SPSS Statistics 26 Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference (16th ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429056765 google scholar
  • Gomes, C., & Oliveira, F. (2022). The tourism intermediaries’ profitability in Portugal and Spain-differences and similarities. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, 5(5), 1101-1117. google scholar
  • Hedija, Veronika; Fiala, Roman; Kuncova, Martina (2017): Is profitability a goodproxy for efficiency? Evidence from the subsector of tour oper-ators, Review of Economic Perspectives, ISSN 1804-1663, De Gruyter, Warsaw, Vol. 17, Iss. 4, pp. 425-440, https://doi.org/10.1515/revecp-2017-0022 google scholar
  • Houle, S. (2018). Is travel health a new destination for pharmacy practice and business? An examination of revenue opportunities from pre-travel consultations. Canadian Pharmacists Journal/Revue des Pharmaciens du Canada, 151(6), 383-387. google scholar
  • International Labour Organization. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 on the tourism sector, May 2020. https://www. google scholar
  • ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/—ed_dialogue/—sector/ documents/briefingnote/wcms_741468.pdf google scholar
  • Iovino, F., & Migliaccio, G. (2018). Profitability dynamics of tourism companies during the crisis period 2007-2015. In 11th Annual Conference of the EuroMed Academy of Business-Research Advancements in National and Global Business Theory and Practice (Vol. 11, pp. 663-677). Euromed press. google scholar
  • Kamboj, S., & Rahman, Z. (2017). Understanding customer participation in online brand communities: Literature review and future research agenda. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 20(3), 306-334. google scholar
  • Kazandzhieva, V. (2020). Dynamic Packaging In Tourism-Challenges And Opportunities. Economic Science, education and the real economy: Development and interactions in the digital age, (1), 281-294. google scholar
  • Luo, N., Wang, Y., Jin, C., Ni, Y. and Zhang, M. (2019), "Effects of socialization interactions on customer engagement in online travel communities", Internet Research, Vol. 29 No. 6, pp. 1509-1525. https://doi.org/10.1108/INTR-08-2018-0354 google scholar
  • Madhukar, V. and Sharma, D. (2019), "The role of information technology applications in profitability: A study of the Indian travel and tourism industry", Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, Vol. 11 No. 4, pp. 429-437. https://doi.org/10.1108/WHATT-04-2019-0025 google scholar
  • Margherita, Alessandro & Heikkila, Marikka, 2021. "Business continuity in the COVID-19 emergency: A framework of actions undertaken by world-leading companies," Business Horizons, Elsevier, vol. 64(5), pages 683-695. google scholar
  • Maravilla Jr, V. S., & Gantalao, C. S. (2019). E-tourism adoption of the travel agencies in Cebu City, Philippines. Journal of Economics and Business, 2(3). https://doi.org/10.31014/aior.1992.02.03.108 google scholar
  • Mkhize, S. L. & Ivanovic, M. (2020). Building the case for transformative tourism in South Africa. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 9(4), 717-731. https://doi.org/10.46222/ a'htl.19770720-47. google scholar
  • Mohanty, P.; Hassan, A.; Ekis, E. Augmented reality for relaunching tourism post-COVID-19: Socially distant, virtually connected. Worldw. Hosp. Tour. Themes 2020, 12, 753-760. google scholar
  • Ng, L. T., & Rivera, J. P. R. (2018). Exploring Transformational Leadership and Fellowship in a Cultural Context: The Case of the Philippines. Asia-Pacific Social Science Review, 17(3), 136-141. google scholar
  • Park, G.; Chen, F.; Cheng, L. (2021) A Study on the Millennials Usage Behavior of Social Network Services: Effects of Motivation, Density, and Centrality on Continuous Intention to Use. Sustainability 13, 2680 google scholar
  • Reinhold, S. and Dolnicar, S. (2021) The evolution of Airbnb’s business model, in S. Dolnicar (Ed.) Airbnb before, during and after COVID-19, University of Queensland DOI: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.14195957 google scholar
  • Rey, A. (2019, February 18). ‘It’s more fun in the Philippines’ gets new font. Rappler. https://www.rappler.com/business/its-more-fun-philippines-new-font google scholar
  • Reinhold, S., Zach, F. J., & Krizaj, D. (2019). Business models in tourism - state of the art. Tourism Review, 74(6), 1120-1134. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-02- 2018-0027. google scholar
  • Sigala, M. (2020). Tourism and COVID-19: Impacts and implications for advancing and resetting industry and research. Journal of business research, 117, 312-321. google scholar
  • Srihirun, J., Thumwong, J., Songjarern, C., & Sooksomsatarn, K. (2021). Business Continuity Plan for Tour Operators during the COVID 19 Crisis in Thailand. Psychology and Education, 58(1), 1458-1463. google scholar
  • Toubes, D. R., Araujo Vila, N., &FraizBrea, J. A. (2021). Changes in consumption patterns and tourist promotion after the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, 16(5), 1332-1352. google scholar
  • URL 1: Forbes.com, (2018). Forbes Welcome. [online] Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites google scholar
  • URL 2: https://www.dfs.ny.gov/system/files/documents/2021/07 business continuity plan google scholar
  • URL 3: https://www.smallbusiness.wa.gov.au/blog/7-key-questions-improve-your-profitability google scholar
  • URL 4: https://www.norwegian.com google scholar
  • URL 5: https://www.emirates airlines.com google scholar
  • URL 6: https://www.agoda.com google scholar
  • URL 7: https://philippine airlines.com google scholar
  • URL 8: https://cnbc.com google scholar
  • URL 9: https://dot.gov.ph google scholar
  • URL 10: https://www.stratojets.com google scholar
  • URL 11: https://www.travelport.com google scholar
  • URL 12: https://www.tourismnewzealand.com google scholar
  • Valdez, P. N. M., Tupas, R., & Tan, N. C. (2017). “It’s more fun in the Philippines”: Resemiotizing and commodifying the local in tourism discourse. Discourse, Context & Media, 20, 132-14 google scholar
  • Vannucci, V.; Pantano, E. Digital or human touch points? Insights from consumer-facing in-store services. Inf. Technol. People 2019, 33, 51-62. google scholar
  • Villegas, V. (2017). Building a successful tourism brand for the Philippines and the struggle with destination image and tourism slogans. Luz Y Saber, 11(1), 62-79. https://research-manila.letran.edu.ph/read/111 google scholar
  • Yang, Y., & Kim, J. H. (2022). An Exploration of the Contingency Influence on Chinese Customers’ Selection of Online Hotel Reservation Channels. SAGE Open, 12(3), 21582440221120407. google scholar
  • Zarezadeh, Z. Z., Rastegar, R., & Gretzel, U. (2019). Reviewing the past to inform the future: A literature review of social media in tourism. Czech Journal of Tourism, 7(2), 115-131. google scholar
  • Zhang, X.; Liu, H.; Yao, P. (2021) Research Jungle on Online Consumer Behaviour in the Context of Web 2.0: Traceability, Frontiers and Perspectives in the Post-Pandemic Era. J. Theor. Appl. Electron. Commer. Res. 16, 1740-1767. https:// doi.org/10.3390/jtaer16050098 google scholar
  • Zheng, D., Luo, Q., & Ritchie, B. W. (2021). Afraid to travel after COVID-19? Selfprotection, coping and resilience against pandemic ‘travel fear’. Tourism Management, 83, 104286 https://doi. org/10.1016/j.tourman.2021.104286 google scholar
  • Zsidisin, G. A., & Henke, M. (Eds.). (2019). Revisiting supply chain risk. Cham: Springer. google scholar

Year 2023, , 147 - 156, 30.12.2023

Teresita Bautista , Rolly Mendoza

https://doi.org/10.26650/jot.2023.9.2.1327505

Abstract

Project Number

Coursework for GS 023

References

  • Blos, M. F., Hoeflich, S. L., & Miyagi, P. E. (2015). A general supply chain continuity management framework. Procedia Computer Science, 55, 1160-1164. google scholar
  • Bright, D. S., Cortes, A. H., Hartmann, E., Parboteeah, K. P., Pierce, J. L., Reece, M. & O’Rourke, J. S. (2019). Principles of management. OpenStax. google scholar
  • Chemli, S., Toanoglou, M., & Valeri, M. (2020). The impact of Covid-19 media coverage on tourist’s awareness for future travelling. Current Issues in Tourism. https://doi. org/10.1080/13683500.2020.1846502 google scholar
  • Chi, H.-K., Huang, K.-C., & Nguyen, H. M. (2020). Elements of destination brand equity and destination familiarity regarding travel intention. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2018.12.012 google scholar
  • CHO, S. (2019). The effect of mobile tourism app characteristics on perceived value, satisfaction and behavioral intention. Journal of Industrial google scholar
  • Distribution & Business, 10(9), 45-52. https://doi.org/10.13106/ijidb.2019.vol10.no9.45 google scholar
  • Creswell, John W., and Vicki L. Plano Clark. 2017. Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research. 3rd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications. google scholar
  • Dinarto, D., Wanto, A., & Sebastian, L. C. (2020). COVID-19: Impact on Bintan’s tourism sector. google scholar
  • Disimulacion, M.A.T. (2020). MICE Tourism during COVID-19 and future directions for the new normal. Asia-Pacific Institute for Events Management (APIEM) Scientific International Journal, 2(1), 11- 17. https://ejournal.medan.uph.edu/index.php/apiemj/article/view/397/222 google scholar
  • Donthu, N., & Gustafsson, A. (2020). Effects of COVID-19 on business and research. Journal of business research, 117, 284-289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.06.008 google scholar
  • Fana, M., Tolan, S., Torrejon Perez, S., Urzi Brancati, M. C., & Fernandez-Macias, E. (2020). The COVID confinement measures and EU labour markets. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. google scholar
  • Gitman, L., & McDaniel, C. (2018). [eTextbook] Introduction to Business. OpenStax. google scholar
  • George, D., & Mallery, P. (2019). IBM SPSS Statistics 26 Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference (16th ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429056765 google scholar
  • Gomes, C., & Oliveira, F. (2022). The tourism intermediaries’ profitability in Portugal and Spain-differences and similarities. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, 5(5), 1101-1117. google scholar
  • Hedija, Veronika; Fiala, Roman; Kuncova, Martina (2017): Is profitability a goodproxy for efficiency? Evidence from the subsector of tour oper-ators, Review of Economic Perspectives, ISSN 1804-1663, De Gruyter, Warsaw, Vol. 17, Iss. 4, pp. 425-440, https://doi.org/10.1515/revecp-2017-0022 google scholar
  • Houle, S. (2018). Is travel health a new destination for pharmacy practice and business? An examination of revenue opportunities from pre-travel consultations. Canadian Pharmacists Journal/Revue des Pharmaciens du Canada, 151(6), 383-387. google scholar
  • International Labour Organization. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 on the tourism sector, May 2020. https://www. google scholar
  • ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/—ed_dialogue/—sector/ documents/briefingnote/wcms_741468.pdf google scholar
  • Iovino, F., & Migliaccio, G. (2018). Profitability dynamics of tourism companies during the crisis period 2007-2015. In 11th Annual Conference of the EuroMed Academy of Business-Research Advancements in National and Global Business Theory and Practice (Vol. 11, pp. 663-677). Euromed press. google scholar
  • Kamboj, S., & Rahman, Z. (2017). Understanding customer participation in online brand communities: Literature review and future research agenda. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 20(3), 306-334. google scholar
  • Kazandzhieva, V. (2020). Dynamic Packaging In Tourism-Challenges And Opportunities. Economic Science, education and the real economy: Development and interactions in the digital age, (1), 281-294. google scholar
  • Luo, N., Wang, Y., Jin, C., Ni, Y. and Zhang, M. (2019), "Effects of socialization interactions on customer engagement in online travel communities", Internet Research, Vol. 29 No. 6, pp. 1509-1525. https://doi.org/10.1108/INTR-08-2018-0354 google scholar
  • Madhukar, V. and Sharma, D. (2019), "The role of information technology applications in profitability: A study of the Indian travel and tourism industry", Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, Vol. 11 No. 4, pp. 429-437. https://doi.org/10.1108/WHATT-04-2019-0025 google scholar
  • Margherita, Alessandro & Heikkila, Marikka, 2021. "Business continuity in the COVID-19 emergency: A framework of actions undertaken by world-leading companies," Business Horizons, Elsevier, vol. 64(5), pages 683-695. google scholar
  • Maravilla Jr, V. S., & Gantalao, C. S. (2019). E-tourism adoption of the travel agencies in Cebu City, Philippines. Journal of Economics and Business, 2(3). https://doi.org/10.31014/aior.1992.02.03.108 google scholar
  • Mkhize, S. L. & Ivanovic, M. (2020). Building the case for transformative tourism in South Africa. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 9(4), 717-731. https://doi.org/10.46222/ a'htl.19770720-47. google scholar
  • Mohanty, P.; Hassan, A.; Ekis, E. Augmented reality for relaunching tourism post-COVID-19: Socially distant, virtually connected. Worldw. Hosp. Tour. Themes 2020, 12, 753-760. google scholar
  • Ng, L. T., & Rivera, J. P. R. (2018). Exploring Transformational Leadership and Fellowship in a Cultural Context: The Case of the Philippines. Asia-Pacific Social Science Review, 17(3), 136-141. google scholar
  • Park, G.; Chen, F.; Cheng, L. (2021) A Study on the Millennials Usage Behavior of Social Network Services: Effects of Motivation, Density, and Centrality on Continuous Intention to Use. Sustainability 13, 2680 google scholar
  • Reinhold, S. and Dolnicar, S. (2021) The evolution of Airbnb’s business model, in S. Dolnicar (Ed.) Airbnb before, during and after COVID-19, University of Queensland DOI: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.14195957 google scholar
  • Rey, A. (2019, February 18). ‘It’s more fun in the Philippines’ gets new font. Rappler. https://www.rappler.com/business/its-more-fun-philippines-new-font google scholar
  • Reinhold, S., Zach, F. J., & Krizaj, D. (2019). Business models in tourism - state of the art. Tourism Review, 74(6), 1120-1134. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-02- 2018-0027. google scholar
  • Sigala, M. (2020). Tourism and COVID-19: Impacts and implications for advancing and resetting industry and research. Journal of business research, 117, 312-321. google scholar
  • Srihirun, J., Thumwong, J., Songjarern, C., & Sooksomsatarn, K. (2021). Business Continuity Plan for Tour Operators during the COVID 19 Crisis in Thailand. Psychology and Education, 58(1), 1458-1463. google scholar
  • Toubes, D. R., Araujo Vila, N., &FraizBrea, J. A. (2021). Changes in consumption patterns and tourist promotion after the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, 16(5), 1332-1352. google scholar
  • URL 1: Forbes.com, (2018). Forbes Welcome. [online] Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites google scholar
  • URL 2: https://www.dfs.ny.gov/system/files/documents/2021/07 business continuity plan google scholar
  • URL 3: https://www.smallbusiness.wa.gov.au/blog/7-key-questions-improve-your-profitability google scholar
  • URL 4: https://www.norwegian.com google scholar
  • URL 5: https://www.emirates airlines.com google scholar
  • URL 6: https://www.agoda.com google scholar
  • URL 7: https://philippine airlines.com google scholar
  • URL 8: https://cnbc.com google scholar
  • URL 9: https://dot.gov.ph google scholar
  • URL 10: https://www.stratojets.com google scholar
  • URL 11: https://www.travelport.com google scholar
  • URL 12: https://www.tourismnewzealand.com google scholar
  • Valdez, P. N. M., Tupas, R., & Tan, N. C. (2017). “It’s more fun in the Philippines”: Resemiotizing and commodifying the local in tourism discourse. Discourse, Context & Media, 20, 132-14 google scholar
  • Vannucci, V.; Pantano, E. Digital or human touch points? Insights from consumer-facing in-store services. Inf. Technol. People 2019, 33, 51-62. google scholar
  • Villegas, V. (2017). Building a successful tourism brand for the Philippines and the struggle with destination image and tourism slogans. Luz Y Saber, 11(1), 62-79. https://research-manila.letran.edu.ph/read/111 google scholar
  • Yang, Y., & Kim, J. H. (2022). An Exploration of the Contingency Influence on Chinese Customers’ Selection of Online Hotel Reservation Channels. SAGE Open, 12(3), 21582440221120407. google scholar
  • Zarezadeh, Z. Z., Rastegar, R., & Gretzel, U. (2019). Reviewing the past to inform the future: A literature review of social media in tourism. Czech Journal of Tourism, 7(2), 115-131. google scholar
  • Zhang, X.; Liu, H.; Yao, P. (2021) Research Jungle on Online Consumer Behaviour in the Context of Web 2.0: Traceability, Frontiers and Perspectives in the Post-Pandemic Era. J. Theor. Appl. Electron. Commer. Res. 16, 1740-1767. https:// doi.org/10.3390/jtaer16050098 google scholar
  • Zheng, D., Luo, Q., & Ritchie, B. W. (2021). Afraid to travel after COVID-19? Selfprotection, coping and resilience against pandemic ‘travel fear’. Tourism Management, 83, 104286 https://doi. org/10.1016/j.tourman.2021.104286 google scholar
  • Zsidisin, G. A., & Henke, M. (Eds.). (2019). Revisiting supply chain risk. Cham: Springer. google scholar
There are 55 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Human Geography (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Teresita Bautista 0000-0003-3708-5266

Rolly Mendoza 0009-0008-2357-3852

Project Number Coursework for GS 023
Publication Date December 30, 2023
Submission Date July 14, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023

Cite

APA Bautista, T., & Mendoza, R. (2023). Growth Determinants from the Business Continuity Plans of Selected Travel Companies in the Philippines. Journal of Tourismology, 9(2), 147-156. https://doi.org/10.26650/jot.2023.9.2.1327505
AMA Bautista T, Mendoza R. Growth Determinants from the Business Continuity Plans of Selected Travel Companies in the Philippines. Journal of Tourismology. December 2023;9(2):147-156. doi:10.26650/jot.2023.9.2.1327505
Chicago Bautista, Teresita, and Rolly Mendoza. “Growth Determinants from the Business Continuity Plans of Selected Travel Companies in the Philippines”. Journal of Tourismology 9, no. 2 (December 2023): 147-56. https://doi.org/10.26650/jot.2023.9.2.1327505.
EndNote Bautista T, Mendoza R (December 1, 2023) Growth Determinants from the Business Continuity Plans of Selected Travel Companies in the Philippines. Journal of Tourismology 9 2 147–156.
IEEE T. Bautista and R. Mendoza, “Growth Determinants from the Business Continuity Plans of Selected Travel Companies in the Philippines”, Journal of Tourismology, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 147–156, 2023, doi: 10.26650/jot.2023.9.2.1327505.
ISNAD Bautista, Teresita - Mendoza, Rolly. “Growth Determinants from the Business Continuity Plans of Selected Travel Companies in the Philippines”. Journal of Tourismology 9/2 (December 2023), 147-156. https://doi.org/10.26650/jot.2023.9.2.1327505.
JAMA Bautista T, Mendoza R. Growth Determinants from the Business Continuity Plans of Selected Travel Companies in the Philippines. Journal of Tourismology. 2023;9:147–156.
MLA Bautista, Teresita and Rolly Mendoza. “Growth Determinants from the Business Continuity Plans of Selected Travel Companies in the Philippines”. Journal of Tourismology, vol. 9, no. 2, 2023, pp. 147-56, doi:10.26650/jot.2023.9.2.1327505.
Vancouver Bautista T, Mendoza R. Growth Determinants from the Business Continuity Plans of Selected Travel Companies in the Philippines. Journal of Tourismology. 2023;9(2):147-56.