Examining the Relationship between Residents’ Level of Happiness and Supportiveness to Tourism Events: Winchester (UK) as a Case Study
Year 2019,
Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 93 - 112, 27.11.2019
Hugues Seraphin
Vanessa Gb Gowreesunkar
Marco Platania
Abstract
Existing literature has explored the impacts of tourism events on destinations and on their residents as a one-way strategy. However, the direction of those impacts may have a reversal in terms of residents’ supportiveness and level of happiness. Happiness and tourism are very topical at the moment and are still under-researched. Based on this notion, the main objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between residents’ level of happiness and their supportiveness/ non-supportiveness for tourism events. Primary data was collected using questionnaire and SPSS was utilised to run few descriptive analyses. The study reveals a different outcome; it is resilience of local residents that enable tourism events to grow and sustain the industry. The findings provide valuable insight on the relationship between residents’ causes of satisfaction/dissatisfaction with tourism events and the impacts on their level of happiness. The information is helpful for Destination Management Organisations (DMOs) and event organisers for development of events that may be profitably marketed along with tourism. Happiness may therefore be used as a metric by DMOs to assess tourism performance.
Supporting Institution
The authors received no financial support for this work.
References
- Andriotis, K. (2005). Community group perceptions of and preferences for tourism development: Evidence from Crete. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research, 29(67).
- Akinyi, M. M. (2015). Community-based tourism as a new livelihood: Sustaining social and human capital and local impact management on the local community. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism, 13(2) 68–78.
- Andrews, H., & Leopold, T. (2013). Events and the social sciences. Abingdon: Routledge.
- Basurto-Cedeno, E. M., & Pennington-Gray, L. (2016). Tourism disaster resilience scorecard for destinations (TDRSD): The case of Manta, Ecuador. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 2(2), 149–163.
- Bladen, C., Kennel, J., Abson, E., & Wilde, N. (2012). Event management. An introduction. London: Routledge.
- Bosshart, L. & Macconi, I. (1998). Defining entertainment. Communication Research Trends, 18(3), 3–6.
- Bowdin, G., Allen, J., O’Toole, W., Harris, R., & McDonnell, I. (2010). Events management. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
- Buckley, J. (2017). Florence launches campaign telling tourists how to behave. Retrieved 31 July 2018, from http://www.cntraveler.com/story/florence-launches-campagin-telling-tourists-howto-behave.
- Campistron, M. (2018). Tourisme: On part pour oublier le monde plutot que pour le decouvrir. Retrieved on 30 July 2018, from https://www.nouvelobs.com/societe/20180718.OBS9887/ tourisme-on-part-pour-oublier-le-monde-plutot-que-pour-le-decouvrir.html.
- Candrea, A. N., & Ispas, A. (2010). Promoting tourist destinations through sport events. The case of Braşov. Revista de turismstudii si cercetari in turism, 10, 61–67.
- Carlsen, J. (2004). The economics and evaluation of festivals and events, pages 246–259, Festival and events management, an international arts and culture perspective. Oxford: ButterworthHeinemann, Elsevier.
- Croasmun, J. T., & Ostrom, L. (2011). Using Likert-Type Scales in the Social Sciences. Journal of Adult Education, 40(1), 19–22.
- Croes, R., Rivera, M. A., Semrad, K., & Khalizadeh, J. (2017). Happiness and tourism: Evidence from Aruba, Unpublished Manuscript, The Dick Pope Sr. Institute for Tourism Studies. Orlando, Florida.
- Draper, J., Woosnam, K. M., & Norman, W. C. (2011). Tourism use history: Exploring a new framework for understanding residents’ attitudes toward tourism. Journal of Travel Research, 50(1), 64–77.
- Dupont, L. (2009). Cointégration et causalité entre développement touristique, croissance économique et réduction de la pauvreté : Cas de Haïti. Revue Caribéennes, http:// etudescaribeennes.revues.org.
- Edgell, D. L. & Swanson, J. R. (2013). Tourism policy and planning. Yesterday, today, and tomorrow. New York: Routledge.
- Etiosa, O. (2012). The impacts of Event Tourism on host communities: The city of Pietarsaari. Thesis to Central Ostrobothnia University of Applied Sciences.
- Fenich, G. (2007). Meetings, expositions, events & conventions. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice. Hall.
- Foley, M., McGillivray, D., & McPherson, G. (2012). Event policy: From theory to strategy. Routledge: London.
- Fotiadis, A. K., Vassiliadis, C. A. & Spyridoy, A. (2018). What motivates people to be involved in sport tourism events? The Greek case of Sfendami International Mountain Festival, in Seraphin, H. and Korstanje, M. (Ed.), International event management. Bridging the gap between theory and practice, Nova Science Publishers, New York, 185-204.
- Fox, D., Gouthro, M. B., Morakabati, Y., & Brackstone, J. (2014). Doing events research. From theory to practice. Routledge: London.
- Getz, D. 2007. Event management and event tourism. New York: Cognizant Corporations.
- Getz, D. (2008). Event tourism: Definition, evolution, and research. Tourism Management, 29(3) 403–428.
- Getz, D. & Page, S. (2016). Event studies: Theory, research and policy for planned events. Oxon, UK: Routledge.
- Gholipour, H. F., Tajaddini, R., & Nguyen, J. (2016). Happiness and inbound tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 57, 234–278.
- Gowreesunkar, V, Cooper, CP & Durbarry R (2011). A study of Attitude and Knowledge of Residents, as Tourism Hosting Community, in the region of Grand Bay (Mauritius). International Tourism Sustainability Conference: Embracing Social and Environmental Change: The Influence and Role of Tourism, 21-24 September
- Gowreesunkar, V & Sotiriades, M. (2014). Entertainment of leisure tourists in island destinations: Evidence from the Island of Mauritius. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 4(2223), 1–19.
- Gullion, C., Hji-Avgoustis, S., Fu, Y. Y. & Lee, S. (2015). Cultural tourism investment and resident quality of life: A case study of Indianapolis, Indiana, International Journal of Tourism Cities, 1(3), 184–199.
- Hermans, H. J. M. (2003). The construction and reconstruction of a dialogical self. Journal of Contructivist Pyschology, 16(2), 89–130.
- Hughes, H. L., & Allen, D. (2008). Entertainment and its significance in the holiday experience at UK seaside resorts. Tourism Recreation Research, 33(2), 131–141.
- Kim, K., Uysal, M. & Sirgy, M. J. (2013). How does tourism in a community impact the quality of life of community residents? Tourism Management, 36, pp. 527–540.
- Kolb, M. (2006). Tourism marketing for cities and towns: using branding and events to attract tourists. Elsevier Ltd: Oxford.
- Leadbeater, C. (2017). Anti-tourism protesters in Barcelona slash tyres on sightseeing buses and rental bikes. http://www.telegraph.co.uk.
- McCabe, S. (2006). The making of community identity through historic festive practice: The case of ashbourne royal shrovetide football. Festivals, Tourism and Social Change, 99–118
- Mendes, L. (2014). Gentrificacao e politicas de reabilitacao urbana em Portugal: Uma analise critica a luz da teste rent gap de Neil Smith. Cadernos Metropole, 16(32), 487–511.
- Milano, C. (2017), Overtourism and tourismphobia: Global trends and local contexts. Ostelea School of Tourism & Hospitality, Barcelona.
- O’Toole, W. (2011). Event feasibility and development. From strategy to operations. ButterworthHeinemann, Oxford.
- Pechlaner, H., Zacher, D., Eckert, C., & Petersik, L. (2018). Joint responsibility and understanding of resilience from DMO perspective – An analysis of different situations in Bavarian tourism destinations, International Journal of Tourism Cities. Doi: 10.1108/IJTC-12-2017-0093
- Richard, G., & Palmer, R. (2010). Eventful cities. Cultural management and urban revitalisation. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford.
- Ridderstaat, J., Croes, R., & Nijkamp, P. (2016). A two-way causal chain between tourism development and quality of life in a small island destination: An empirical analysis. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 24(10), 1461–1479.
- Rivera, M., Croes, R., & Lee, S. (2015). Tourism development and happiness: A residents’ perspective. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 5, 5–15.
- Salgado, J., & Hermans, H. J. M. (2005). The return of subjectivity: From a multiplicity of selves to the dialogical self. E-Journal of Applied Psychology: Clinical section, 1(1), 3–13.
- Sanchez-Barrios, L. J., Giraldo, M., Khalik, M., & Manjarres, R. (2015). Service for the underserved: Unintended well-being. The Service Industries Journal, 35(15-16), 883–897.
- Sanchez-Fernandez, M. D., Alvarez-Bassi, D., & Cardona, J. R. (2018). Difficulties for enjoyment of public spaces by residents: Maldonado-Punta del Este conurbation, International Journal of Tourism Cities. Doi: 10.1108/IJTC-11-2017-0069
- Semley, N., & Bellingham, T. (2018). Determining the policy importance of event tourism for DMOs in England”, in Seraphin, H. and Korstanje, M. (45-64). International event management. Bridging the gap between theory and practice, Nova Science Publishers, New York.
- Seraphin, H. (2018). Locals’ happiness: The missing measurement in Caribbean tourism development, Words in the bucket. https://www.wordsinthebucket.com/locals-happiness-themissing-measurement-in-caribbean-tourism-development.
- Séraphin, H., Gowreesunkar, V., Roselé-Chim, P., Korstanje, M., & Duplan, Y. (2018). Tourism planning and innovation: The Caribbean under the spotlight, Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 9, 384–388.
- Seraphin, H., Gowreesunkar, V., & Ambaye, M. (2016). The Blakeley Model applied to improving a tourist destination: An exploratory study. The case of Haiti. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 5(4), 325–332.
- Sirakaya, E. and Choi, H (2005). Measuring Residents’ Attitudes towards Sustainable Development: Development of Sustainable Tourism Attitude Scale. Journal of Travel Research, 43(380).
- Slak Valek, N. (2018). Identifying latent variables of participants at a community marathon event”, in Seraphin, H. and Korstanje, M (Ed.) (pp. 205-218). International event management. Bridging the gap between theory and practice, Nova Science Publishers, New York.
- Sustainable Development Research Network (SDRN) (2005). Wellbeing concepts and challenges, Briefing paper 3, SRDN: London.
- Sunshine, K., Backman, K., & Shelai, J. (1995). Festival Management and Event Tourism, 2(3-4), 159–166(8)
- Tiberghien, G. (2017) Reinventing the local in tourism: Producing, consuming and negotiating, International Journal of Tourism Cities, 3(1), 102–104.
- Visit Winchester, “Destination Management Plan (2015-2020)”, available at: https://www. winchester.gov.uk/data/tourism-data (accessed 15 June 2018).
- Wang, Y., & Pfister, R. (2008). Residents’ Attitude towards Tourism and Perceived Personal Benefits in a Rural Community. Journal of Travel Research, 47(84).
Year 2019,
Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 93 - 112, 27.11.2019
Hugues Seraphin
Vanessa Gb Gowreesunkar
Marco Platania
References
- Andriotis, K. (2005). Community group perceptions of and preferences for tourism development: Evidence from Crete. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research, 29(67).
- Akinyi, M. M. (2015). Community-based tourism as a new livelihood: Sustaining social and human capital and local impact management on the local community. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism, 13(2) 68–78.
- Andrews, H., & Leopold, T. (2013). Events and the social sciences. Abingdon: Routledge.
- Basurto-Cedeno, E. M., & Pennington-Gray, L. (2016). Tourism disaster resilience scorecard for destinations (TDRSD): The case of Manta, Ecuador. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 2(2), 149–163.
- Bladen, C., Kennel, J., Abson, E., & Wilde, N. (2012). Event management. An introduction. London: Routledge.
- Bosshart, L. & Macconi, I. (1998). Defining entertainment. Communication Research Trends, 18(3), 3–6.
- Bowdin, G., Allen, J., O’Toole, W., Harris, R., & McDonnell, I. (2010). Events management. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
- Buckley, J. (2017). Florence launches campaign telling tourists how to behave. Retrieved 31 July 2018, from http://www.cntraveler.com/story/florence-launches-campagin-telling-tourists-howto-behave.
- Campistron, M. (2018). Tourisme: On part pour oublier le monde plutot que pour le decouvrir. Retrieved on 30 July 2018, from https://www.nouvelobs.com/societe/20180718.OBS9887/ tourisme-on-part-pour-oublier-le-monde-plutot-que-pour-le-decouvrir.html.
- Candrea, A. N., & Ispas, A. (2010). Promoting tourist destinations through sport events. The case of Braşov. Revista de turismstudii si cercetari in turism, 10, 61–67.
- Carlsen, J. (2004). The economics and evaluation of festivals and events, pages 246–259, Festival and events management, an international arts and culture perspective. Oxford: ButterworthHeinemann, Elsevier.
- Croasmun, J. T., & Ostrom, L. (2011). Using Likert-Type Scales in the Social Sciences. Journal of Adult Education, 40(1), 19–22.
- Croes, R., Rivera, M. A., Semrad, K., & Khalizadeh, J. (2017). Happiness and tourism: Evidence from Aruba, Unpublished Manuscript, The Dick Pope Sr. Institute for Tourism Studies. Orlando, Florida.
- Draper, J., Woosnam, K. M., & Norman, W. C. (2011). Tourism use history: Exploring a new framework for understanding residents’ attitudes toward tourism. Journal of Travel Research, 50(1), 64–77.
- Dupont, L. (2009). Cointégration et causalité entre développement touristique, croissance économique et réduction de la pauvreté : Cas de Haïti. Revue Caribéennes, http:// etudescaribeennes.revues.org.
- Edgell, D. L. & Swanson, J. R. (2013). Tourism policy and planning. Yesterday, today, and tomorrow. New York: Routledge.
- Etiosa, O. (2012). The impacts of Event Tourism on host communities: The city of Pietarsaari. Thesis to Central Ostrobothnia University of Applied Sciences.
- Fenich, G. (2007). Meetings, expositions, events & conventions. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice. Hall.
- Foley, M., McGillivray, D., & McPherson, G. (2012). Event policy: From theory to strategy. Routledge: London.
- Fotiadis, A. K., Vassiliadis, C. A. & Spyridoy, A. (2018). What motivates people to be involved in sport tourism events? The Greek case of Sfendami International Mountain Festival, in Seraphin, H. and Korstanje, M. (Ed.), International event management. Bridging the gap between theory and practice, Nova Science Publishers, New York, 185-204.
- Fox, D., Gouthro, M. B., Morakabati, Y., & Brackstone, J. (2014). Doing events research. From theory to practice. Routledge: London.
- Getz, D. 2007. Event management and event tourism. New York: Cognizant Corporations.
- Getz, D. (2008). Event tourism: Definition, evolution, and research. Tourism Management, 29(3) 403–428.
- Getz, D. & Page, S. (2016). Event studies: Theory, research and policy for planned events. Oxon, UK: Routledge.
- Gholipour, H. F., Tajaddini, R., & Nguyen, J. (2016). Happiness and inbound tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 57, 234–278.
- Gowreesunkar, V, Cooper, CP & Durbarry R (2011). A study of Attitude and Knowledge of Residents, as Tourism Hosting Community, in the region of Grand Bay (Mauritius). International Tourism Sustainability Conference: Embracing Social and Environmental Change: The Influence and Role of Tourism, 21-24 September
- Gowreesunkar, V & Sotiriades, M. (2014). Entertainment of leisure tourists in island destinations: Evidence from the Island of Mauritius. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 4(2223), 1–19.
- Gullion, C., Hji-Avgoustis, S., Fu, Y. Y. & Lee, S. (2015). Cultural tourism investment and resident quality of life: A case study of Indianapolis, Indiana, International Journal of Tourism Cities, 1(3), 184–199.
- Hermans, H. J. M. (2003). The construction and reconstruction of a dialogical self. Journal of Contructivist Pyschology, 16(2), 89–130.
- Hughes, H. L., & Allen, D. (2008). Entertainment and its significance in the holiday experience at UK seaside resorts. Tourism Recreation Research, 33(2), 131–141.
- Kim, K., Uysal, M. & Sirgy, M. J. (2013). How does tourism in a community impact the quality of life of community residents? Tourism Management, 36, pp. 527–540.
- Kolb, M. (2006). Tourism marketing for cities and towns: using branding and events to attract tourists. Elsevier Ltd: Oxford.
- Leadbeater, C. (2017). Anti-tourism protesters in Barcelona slash tyres on sightseeing buses and rental bikes. http://www.telegraph.co.uk.
- McCabe, S. (2006). The making of community identity through historic festive practice: The case of ashbourne royal shrovetide football. Festivals, Tourism and Social Change, 99–118
- Mendes, L. (2014). Gentrificacao e politicas de reabilitacao urbana em Portugal: Uma analise critica a luz da teste rent gap de Neil Smith. Cadernos Metropole, 16(32), 487–511.
- Milano, C. (2017), Overtourism and tourismphobia: Global trends and local contexts. Ostelea School of Tourism & Hospitality, Barcelona.
- O’Toole, W. (2011). Event feasibility and development. From strategy to operations. ButterworthHeinemann, Oxford.
- Pechlaner, H., Zacher, D., Eckert, C., & Petersik, L. (2018). Joint responsibility and understanding of resilience from DMO perspective – An analysis of different situations in Bavarian tourism destinations, International Journal of Tourism Cities. Doi: 10.1108/IJTC-12-2017-0093
- Richard, G., & Palmer, R. (2010). Eventful cities. Cultural management and urban revitalisation. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford.
- Ridderstaat, J., Croes, R., & Nijkamp, P. (2016). A two-way causal chain between tourism development and quality of life in a small island destination: An empirical analysis. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 24(10), 1461–1479.
- Rivera, M., Croes, R., & Lee, S. (2015). Tourism development and happiness: A residents’ perspective. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 5, 5–15.
- Salgado, J., & Hermans, H. J. M. (2005). The return of subjectivity: From a multiplicity of selves to the dialogical self. E-Journal of Applied Psychology: Clinical section, 1(1), 3–13.
- Sanchez-Barrios, L. J., Giraldo, M., Khalik, M., & Manjarres, R. (2015). Service for the underserved: Unintended well-being. The Service Industries Journal, 35(15-16), 883–897.
- Sanchez-Fernandez, M. D., Alvarez-Bassi, D., & Cardona, J. R. (2018). Difficulties for enjoyment of public spaces by residents: Maldonado-Punta del Este conurbation, International Journal of Tourism Cities. Doi: 10.1108/IJTC-11-2017-0069
- Semley, N., & Bellingham, T. (2018). Determining the policy importance of event tourism for DMOs in England”, in Seraphin, H. and Korstanje, M. (45-64). International event management. Bridging the gap between theory and practice, Nova Science Publishers, New York.
- Seraphin, H. (2018). Locals’ happiness: The missing measurement in Caribbean tourism development, Words in the bucket. https://www.wordsinthebucket.com/locals-happiness-themissing-measurement-in-caribbean-tourism-development.
- Séraphin, H., Gowreesunkar, V., Roselé-Chim, P., Korstanje, M., & Duplan, Y. (2018). Tourism planning and innovation: The Caribbean under the spotlight, Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 9, 384–388.
- Seraphin, H., Gowreesunkar, V., & Ambaye, M. (2016). The Blakeley Model applied to improving a tourist destination: An exploratory study. The case of Haiti. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 5(4), 325–332.
- Sirakaya, E. and Choi, H (2005). Measuring Residents’ Attitudes towards Sustainable Development: Development of Sustainable Tourism Attitude Scale. Journal of Travel Research, 43(380).
- Slak Valek, N. (2018). Identifying latent variables of participants at a community marathon event”, in Seraphin, H. and Korstanje, M (Ed.) (pp. 205-218). International event management. Bridging the gap between theory and practice, Nova Science Publishers, New York.
- Sustainable Development Research Network (SDRN) (2005). Wellbeing concepts and challenges, Briefing paper 3, SRDN: London.
- Sunshine, K., Backman, K., & Shelai, J. (1995). Festival Management and Event Tourism, 2(3-4), 159–166(8)
- Tiberghien, G. (2017) Reinventing the local in tourism: Producing, consuming and negotiating, International Journal of Tourism Cities, 3(1), 102–104.
- Visit Winchester, “Destination Management Plan (2015-2020)”, available at: https://www. winchester.gov.uk/data/tourism-data (accessed 15 June 2018).
- Wang, Y., & Pfister, R. (2008). Residents’ Attitude towards Tourism and Perceived Personal Benefits in a Rural Community. Journal of Travel Research, 47(84).