Navigating External Tourism Forces: A Study on Destination Competitiveness and Sustainability

Year 2025, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 122 - 142, 30.07.2025

Danie Ferreira , Sandra Perks

https://doi.org/10.26650/jot.2024.10.2.1637104

Abstract

This study examines the influence of external tourism forces on destination competitiveness and sustainability within the tourism sector. Building upon prior research on tourism resilience, this study applies an integrated model that considers political, market related, technological, tourism policy and socioeconomic conditions. There is a significant research gap in understanding how external tourism forces affect a destination’s competitiveness and sustainability. Most studies examine these forces in isolation, resulting in a fragmented understanding of their interactions and effects on a destination’s strategies and operations. Using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLSSEM), data from a diverse sample of 512 tourism stakeholders were analysed. Results indicate that political stability, market posi tioning, technological integration and robust tourism policies are significant drivers of competitive and sustainable tourism. Findings highlight that tourism policy and technological conditions are crucial for sustainability, while political and socioeconomic stability are essential for competitive tourism appeal. This research contributes to the literature by providing a nuanced understanding of how distinct external tourism forces interact to shape destination resilience. Practical recommendations underscore the value of multi stakeholder collaborations to enhance both competitiveness and sustainability in dynamic tourism environments. The study’s model offers adaptable strategies for policymakers and industry leaders to bolster destination resilience against evolving global challenges.

Keywords

Competitiveness, Destination, Sustainability, Stability, Tourism

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