MANDA KARKASLARI VE REKTAL SWABLARINDA Escherichia coli O157:H7 VARLIĞININ ARAŞTIRILMASI

Abstract

ÖZET

Bu çalışmanın amacı mandalardan alınan rektal swab örneklerinde ve manda karkaslarında E. coli O157:H7 varlığının araştırılmasıdır. Bu amaçla, İstanbul'da bulunan 5 mezbaha Ocak 2001 ve Ocak 2002 tarihleri arasında ziyaret edildi. Sistematik örnekleme yöntemiyle toplam 28 mandanın rektumlarından ve karkaslarından swablar alindi. Alınan swablar Novobiocin içeren modifiye E. coli broth içine konuldu. İnkubasyondan sonra immunomanyetik separasyon (IMS) yapıldı ve IMS urunu daha sonraki identifikasyon çalışmaları için Cefixime Tellurite MacConkey (CT-SMAC) agara ekildi. İdentifikasyon amacıyla krom agara ekimler, biyokimyasal ve serolojik testler yapıldı. İzolatların anti-O157 ve H7 serumu ile reaksiyonu incelendi. Rektal swablardan izole edilen 7 ve karkaslardan izole edilen 2 izolat CT-SMAC agarda sorbitol negatif koloniler oluşturdu. Bu izolatların hiçbirisi E. coli O157 ve H7 antiserumu ile aglutinasyon oluşturmadı.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Manda, karkas, mezbaha, E. coli O157:H7, İstanbul

 

INVESTIGATIONS ON THE PRESENCE OF ESCHERICHIA COLI O157:H7 ON BUFFALO CARCASSES AND RECTAL SWABS

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to investigate presence of E. coli O157:H7 on rectal swabs and buffalo carcasses slaughtered in the abattoirs. Five abattoirs in Istanbul were visited between January 2000 and 2001. During visits, systematic sampling method was used and a total of 28 buffalo and their carcasses were sampled. All the swabs were placed in modified E. coli broth containing Novobiocin. Immunomagnetic seperation (IMS) was performed after the preenrichment. The product from the IMS was used for further identification procedures using the Cefixime Tellurite MacConkey agar (CT-SMAC) agar, Chrom agar and biochemical tests. The reaction of the isolates with anti-O157 and H7 sera were also analysed. Seven isolates from the rectal swabs and 2 from the carcasses were sorbitol negative on CT-SMAC agar. None of these isolates reacted with antisera to E. coli O157 nd H7.

Key Words: Buffalo, carcasses, abattoir, E. coli O157:H7, Istanbul

Keywords

• -

References

1. Bell, B.P., Goldoft, M., Griffin, P.M., Davis, M.A., Gordon, D.C., Tarr, P.I., Batheson, C.A., Lewis, J.H., Ballett, T.J., Wells, J.G., Balon, R.S, Kobayashi, J.: A multi-state outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 associated bloody diarrhoae and haemolytic uraemic syndrome from hamburgers-the Washington experience. JAMA, 1994; 272: 1349-1353.
2. Bennet, A.R., Macphee, S., Betts, R.P.: The isolation and detection of Escherichia coli O157 by use of immunomagnetic separation and immunoassay procedures. Lett Appl Microbiol, 1996; 22: 237-243.
3. Besser, T.E., Lett, S.M., Weber, J.T., Doyle, M.P., Barrettt, T.J., Wells, J.G., Griffin, P.B.: An outbreak of diarrhoae and haemolytic uraemic syndrome from Escherichia coli O157:H7 in fresh pressed apple cider. JAMA, 1993; 269: 2217-2220.
4. Beutin, L., Geier, D., Zimmermann, S., Karch, H.: Virulence markers of Shiga-like toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains originating from healthy domestic animals of different species. J Clin Microbiol, 1995; 33(3): 631-635.
5. Bonardi, S., Maggi, E., Pizzin, G., Morabito, S., Caprioli, A.: Faecal carriage of Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 and carcass contamination in cattle at slaughter in northern Italy. Int J Food Microbiol, 2001; 66 (1-2): 47-53.
6. Chapman, P.A., Wright, D.J., Higgins, R.: Untreated milk as a source of verotoxigenic E. coli O157:H7. Vet Rec, 1993; 133: 171-172.
7. Calichia, M.L., Parker, E.L., Gambrel-Lenarz, S., Matner, R.R.: Use of the petrifilm test Kit-EHEC direct blot enzyme immunoassay method without swap pre-enrichment to screen for low levels of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on beef carcasses by surface swabbing. J Food Prot, 1997; 60(7): 870-873.
8. Cody, S.H., Glynn, M.K., Farrar, J.A., Cairns, K.L., Griffin, P.M., Kobayashi, J., Fyfe, M., Hoffman, R., King, A.S., Lewis, J.H., Swaminathan, B., Bryant, R.G., Vugia, D.J.: An outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection from unpasteurized commercial apple juice. Ann Intern Med, 1999; 130(3): 202-209.

9. Cabalar, M., Boynukara, B., Gulhan, T., Ekin, I.H.: Van yöresinde sağlıklı görülen süt sığırcılığı işletmelerinde Rotavirus, E.coli K99 ve O157:H7’nin varlığı üzerine araştırmalar. Tr J Vet Anim Sci, 2001; 25(2):191-196.
10. Dorn, C.R., Angrick, E.J.: Serotype O157:H7 Escherichia coli from bovine and meat sources. J Clin Microbiol, 1991; 29(6):1225-1231.
11. Elder, R.O., Keen, J.E., Siragusa, G.R., Barkocy-Gallagher, G.A., Koohmaraie, M., Laegreid, W.W.: Correlation of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 prevalence in feces, hides, and carcasses of beef cattle during processing. Proc Natl Acad Sci, 2000; 97(7): 2999-3003. 12. Galland, J.C., Hyatt, D.R., Crupper, S.S., Acheson, D.W.: Prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility, and diversity of Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolates from a longitudinal study of beef cattle feedlots. Appl Environ Microbiol, 2001; 67(4):1619-1627.
12. Gill, C.O., Jones, T.: Microbiological sampling of carcasses by excision or swab. J Food Prot, 2000; 63(2): 167-173.
13. Gun, H., Yilmaz, A., Turker, S., Tanlasi, A., Yilmaz, H.: Contamination of bovine carcasses and abattoir environment By Escherichia coli O157 :H7 in Istanbul. Int J Food Microbiol, 2003; 84: 339-344.
14. Hancock, D.D., Besser, T.E., Rice, D.H., Ebel, E.D., Herriott, D.E., Carpenter, L.V.: Multiple sources of Escherichia coli O157 in feedlots and dairy farms in the northwestern USA. Prev Vet Med, 1998; 35(1): 11-19.
15. Heuvelink, A.E., Zwartkruis-Nahuis, J.T.M, de Boer, E.: Evaluation of media and test kits for the detection and isolation of Escherichia coli O157 from minced beef. J Food Prot, 1997; 60(7): 817-824.
16. Heuvelink, A.E., Roessink, G.L., Bosboom, K., de Boer, E.: Zero-tolerance for faecal contamination of carcasses as a tool in the control of O157 VTEC infections. Int J Food Microbiol,2001;66(1-2):13-20. 18. Johnsen, G., Wasteson, Y., Heir, E., Berget, O.I, Herikstad, H.: Escherichia coli O157:H7 in faeces from cattle, sheep and pigs in the southwest part of Norway during 1998 and 1999. Int J Food Microbiol, 2001; 65(3): 193-200.
17. Keene, W.E., McNulty, J.M., Hoesly, F.C., Williams, L.P., Jr Hedberg, K., Oxman, G.L., Barrett, T.J., Pfaller, M.A., Fleming, D.W.: A swimming-associated outbreak of hemorrhagic colitis by Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Shigella sonnei. N Eng J Med, 1994; 331: 579-584.
18. Keene, W.E., Sazie, E., Kok, J., Rice, D.H., Hancock, D.D., Balan, V.K., Zhao, T., Doyle, M.P.: An outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections traced jerky made from deer meat. JAMA, 1997; 277: 1229-1231.
19. Karch, H., Bielaszewska, M., Bitzan, M., Schmidt, H.: Epidemiology and diagnosis of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli infections. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, 1999; 34: 229-243.
20. Mead, P.S., Griffin, P.M.: Escherichia coli O157:H7. Lancet, 1998; 352: 1207-1212.
21. Morgan, D., Newman, C.P., Hiutchinson, D.N., Walker, A.M., Rowe, B., Majid, F.: Verotoxin producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection associated with the consumption of yoghurt. Epidemiol Infect, 1993; 111: 181-187.
22. Ogden, I.D., Hepburn, N.F., MacRae, M.: The optimization of isolation media used in immunomagnetic separation methods for the detection of Escherichia coli O157 in foods. J Appl Microbiol, 2001; 91(2): 373-379.
23. Orskov, F., Orskov, I., Villar, JA.: Cattle as reservoir of verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7. Lancet, 1987; 2: 276.
24. Park, S., Worobo, R.W., Durst, R.A.: Esherichia coli O157:H7 As an Emerging Foodborne Pathogen: A literature Review. Crit Rev in Food Sci and Nut, 1999; 39(6): 481- 502.
25. Richert, K., Albrecht, J.A., Bullerman, L.B., Sumner, S.S.: Survival and growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on broccoli, cucumber and green pepper. Dairy Food and Environmental Sanitation, 2000; 20(1): 24-28.
26. Riley, L.W., Remis, R.S., Helgerson, S.D., McGee, H.B., Wells, L.G., Davis, B.R., Herbert, R.J., Olcott, G.S., Johnson, L.M., Hargrett, N.T., Blake, P.A., Cohen, M.L.: Haemorrhagic colitis associated with a Escherichia coli serotype. New Eng J Med, 1983; 308: 681-685.
27. Samadpour, M., Ongert, J.E., Liston, J., Tran, N., Nguyen, D., Whittam, T.S., Wilson, R.A., Tarr, P.I.: Occurrence of Shiga-like toxin producing Escherichia coli in retail fresh seafood, beef, lamb, pork and poultry from grocery stores in Seattle, Washington. Appl Environ Microbiol, 1994; 60: 1038-1040.
28. Swerdlow, D.L., Woodrijff, B.A., Brady, R.C., Griffin, P.M., Tippen, S., Donnell, D., Geldreich, E., Payne, B.J., Meyer, A., Wells, J.G., Greene, K.D., Bright, M., Bean, N.H., Blake, P.A.: A water borne outbreak in Missouri of Escherichia coli O157:H7 associated with bloody diarrhoae and death. Ann Int Med, 1992; 117: 812-818.
29. Yilmaz, A., Gun, H., Yilmaz, H.: Frequency of E. coli O157:H7 in Turkish cattle. J Food Prot, 2002; 65(10):1637-1640.
30. Yilmaz, A.: Salatalarda kullanılan sebzelerden E. coli O157:H7 izolasyonu ve verotoksijenik genin PCR ile saptanması. Doktora Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2002.