Evaluation of Protective Effect of Penicillamine on Silver Nanoparticles-Induced Oxidative Stress in BALB/c Mice

Abstract

Despite the negative effects of silver nanoparticles, their application is growing rapidly, so this study was designed to investigate the adverse effects of nanosilver administration on histopathological changes and biochemical parameters as well as therapeutic efficacy of penicillamine. Four groups of six BALB/c mice were treated intraperitoneally with various dose of nanosilver and the LD50 was calculated. To investigate therapeutic efficacy of penicillamine, forty-two mice were assigned into equal seven groups. The animals of each group were treated intraperitoneally with LD50 of nanosilver and 50 or 200 mg/kg penicillamine concurrently, or 4 hours after nanosilver injection. Histopathological and serum biochemical analyses including total protein, albumin, total globulin, cholesterol, triglyceride, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) were carried out. The LD50 was 1500 PPM. Results showed an increase in the levels of AST and ALT enzymes and the MDA in the mice receiving nanosilver while TAC concentration decreased. These alterations were statistically significant between the mice receiving nanosilver and those receiving nanosilver and 200 mg/kg penicillamine. Also, histopathological examination of the tissue sections of the the mice receiving 1500 PPM nanosilver showed hepatic and renal damage. Whereas, the biochemical parameters and tissue lesions improved in mice receiving 200 mg/kg penicillamine in comparison with the nanosilver exposed mice and it was shown that the extent of oxidative stress was decreased.

Keywords

• Silver nanoparticles, oxidative stress, penicillamine, histopathology, biochemical parameters, BALB/c mice

BALB/c Farelerinde Oluşan Oksidatif Stres Üzerine Gümüş Nanopartiküllerle İndüklenmiş Penisilaminin Koruyucu Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Gümüş nanopartiküllerinin olumsuz etkilerine rağmen uygulamaları hızla artmaktadır. Bu çalışma nanogümüş uygulamasının histopatolojik değişiklikler ve biyokimyasal parametreler üzerindeki istenmeyen etkilerini ve aynı zamanda penisilaminin terapötik etkinliğini araştırmak için düzenlenmiştir.  Altışarlı dört grup BALB/c faresine değişik dozlardaki nanogümüş intraperitoneal yoldan uygulandı ve LD50 hesaplandı. Penisilaminin terapötik etkinliğini araştırmak amacıyla 42 fare eşit yedi gruba ayrıldı. Her gruptaki hayvanlara LD50 nanogümüş ve eşzamanlı olarak ya da nanogümüş enjeksiyonundan 4 saat sonra 50 ya da 200 mg/kg penisilinamin  intraperitoneal yoldan uygulandı. Toplam protein, albumin, toplam globulin, kolesterol, trigliserit, aspartat aminotransferaz (ALT), alanin aminotransferaz (ALT), alkalin fosfataz (ALP), toplam antioksidan kapasite (TAC) ve malondialdehit (MDA) de dahil olmak üzere serum biyokimyasal ve histopatolojik analizler yürütüldü. LD50 1500 ppm’di. Sonuçlar nanogümüş alan farelerde AST ve ALT enzimleri ve MDA düzeylerinde artış gösterirken TAC düzeylerinde azalma oluştu. Bu farklılıklar özellikle nanogümüş alan fareler ile nanogümüş ve 200 mg/kg penisilamin alan farelerde istatistiksel olarak anlamlıydı. Ayrıca, 1500 ppm nanogümüş alan farelerin doku bölümlerinin histopatolojik incelenmesinde karaciğer ve böbrek hasarı olduğu görüldü. Öte yandan, nanogümüşe maruz kalmış farelere karşılık 200 mg/kg penisilamin alan farelerde biyokimyasal parametreler ve doku lezyonlarında iyileşme oldu ve oksidatif stres boyutunun azaldığı belirlendi.

Keywords

• Gümüş nanopartikülleri, oksidatif stres

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