KOYUN VE KEÇİLERDE BESLENME DAVRANIŞLARI

Year 2007, Volume: 33 Issue: 3, 77 - 88, 29.11.2012

Cavit Arslan

Abstract

ÖZET

Koyun ve keçiler çene yapılarının dar ve uzun olması, hareketli ve yarık bir dudağa sahip olmalarından dolayı seçici bir yeme özelliğine sahiptirler. Keçiler, koyunlardan da seçicidirler. Yem seçiminde başta tat olmak üzere görme, dokunma ve koklama duyularını kullanırlar. Yaklaşık olarak koyunlar günlük 7-8, keçiler 10-11 saat otlarlar. En yoğun otlama sabahın erken saatlerinde ve öğleden sonraki geç saatlerde yapılmaktadır. Koyunlar meralarda otlamayı, keçiler ise ağaç yaprakları ile dal ve filizlerini yemeyi tercih ederler. Kuçükbaş ruminantlar yemin kompozisyonuna göre değişmekle beraber, otladıkları süre ya da bu süreden biraz daha az süre ruminasyon yaparlar. Tükettikleri kuru maddenin yaklaşık 2-3 kati kadar su içerler ve alışık oldukları suları tercih ederler. Yem ve su mevcudiyeti, yemin lezzeti ve bileşimi, günlük ve mevsimsel özellikler, çevre sıcaklığı, nemi ve topografisi, sosyal durum, hayvanin fizyolojik durumu, yem ve su tüketimini etkilemektedir. Başarılı bir besleme yapabilmek için normal beslenme davranışlarının bilinmesi önem arz etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Beslenme davranışları, koyun, keçi.

 

FEEDING BEHAVIORS OF SHEEP AND GOAT

ABSTRACT

Sheep and goat display selective eating behavior due to their narrower, longer muzzles, and their movable and cleft lips. Goats are more selective than sheep. Both animals use especially taste and, vision, smell and touch senses. The daily grazing time is approximately 7-8 h in sheep and 10-11 h in goats. Grazing intensifies in the early morning and late afternoon. Sheep choose to graze on pasture while goats refer to eat leaves, browses and vines of the trees in bushes and forests. Their rumination time is nearly equal to the grazing time even though it depends closely on the content of the feed. They consume water approximately 2­3 fold of the dry matter they eat, and refer to drink from daily water reservoir. The following situations affect feed and water consumption; availability of feed and water, palatability and composition, daily and seasonal changes, environmental temperature, humidity and topography, social statue, and physiological condition of the animal. Normal feeding behavior of any given animal is to be well known for a successful animal feeding.

Key Words: Feeding behaviour, sheep, goat.

Keywords

Beslenme davranışları, koyun, keçi

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