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Year 2013, Volume: 39 Issue: 2, 197 - 208, 10.03.2013

Abstract

The present experiment was performed in order to compare the effect of insulin and dexamethasone on treating endotoxemia following the intravenous infusion of endotoxin of Escherichia coli serotype O55:B5 in the Iranian fattailed sheep. Twenty clinically healthy one-year old Iranian fat-tailed ewes were randomly assigned into four equal (n=5) experimental groups, comprising of Control, Dexa, Insln 1.5 and Insln 3 groups. Lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli serotype O55:B5 was administered intravenously at 20 µg/kg. All experimental groups undergone intravenous fluid therapy for 120 minutes after lipopolysaccharide injection. 180 minutes after lipopolysaccharide injection, dexamethasone (in Dexa group at 1 mg/kg) and insulin regular (in Insln 1.5 and 3 at 1.5 and 3 IU/kg, respectively) were injected along with the intravenous fluid for 60 minutes. The Control group just received lipopolysaccharide and was treated only with intravenous fluid without using any drug. The blood samples were collected from all ewes and assayed separated sera for serum acute phase proteins (serum amyloid A and haptoglobin), inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma) and oxidative stress biomarkers (super oxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase). In all experimental groups a rapid increase was seen in the amount of acute phase proteins and inflammatory cytokines and a decrease was seen in oxidative stress biomarkers after endotoxemia induction (P<0.05). The results of the present study showed that insulin regular at 3 IU/kg controlled acute phase response following endotoxemia induction. The potency of insulin regular at 3 IU/kg was significantly higher than 1.5 IU/kg and dexamethasone at 1 mg/kg (P<0.05) in order to treat endotoxemia due to Escherichia coli serotype O55:B5 in Iranian fat-tailed sheep.

References

  • Alsemgeest, S.P.M., Kalsbeek, H.C., Wensing, T., Koeman, J.P., Van Ederen, A.M., Gruys, E., 19 Concentrations of serum amyloid A (SAA) and haptoglobin (Hp) as parameters of inflammatory diseases in cattle. The Veterinary Quarterly 16, 21-23. Bauer, V., Bauer, F., 1999. Reactive oxygen species as mediators of tissue protection and injury. General Physiology and Biophysics 18, 7-14.
  • Boichot, E., Sannomiya, P., Escofier, N., Germain, N., Fortes, Z.B., Lagente, V., 19 Endotoxin-induced acute lung injury in rats, role of insulin. Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 12, 285-290. Burchett, S.K., Weaver, W.M., Westall, J.A., Larsen, A., Kronheim, S., Wilson, C.B., 1988. Regulation of tumor necrosis factor/cachectin and IL-1 secretion in human mononuclear phagocytes. Journal of Immunology 140, 347334
  • Conner, J.G., Eckersall, P.D., Wiseman, A., Bain, R.K., Douglas, T.A., 1989. Acute phase response in calves following infection with Pasteurella haemolytica, Ostertagia ostertagi and endotoxin administration. Research in Veterinary Science 47, 203-207.
  • Dandona, P., Mohanty, P., Chaudhuri, A., Garg, R., Aljada, A., 2005. Insulin infusion in acute illness. The Journal of Clinical Investigation 115, 2069-2072.
  • Das, U.N., 200 Is insulin an endogenous cardioprotector? Current Opinion in Critical Care 6, 389-393. Feldman, B.F., Zinkl, J.G., Jain, N.C., 2000. Schalm’s Veterinary Hematology. 1 st ed. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, pp. 891-896.
  • Frost, R.A., Lang, C.H., Gelato, M.C., 1997. Transient exposure of human myoblasts to tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibits serum and insulin-like growth factor-I stimulated protein synthesis. Endocrinology 138, 4153-4159.
  • Gabay, C., Kushner, I., 1999. Acute-phase proteins and other systemic responses to inflammation. The New England Journal of Medicine 340, 448-4
  • Gruys, E., Obwolo, M.J., Toussaint, M.J.M., 1994. Diagnostic significance of the major acute phase proteins in veterinary clinical chemistry: a review. Veterinary Bulletin 64, 1009-1018.
  • Heinzel, F.P., 1990. The role of IFN-γ in the pathology of experimental endotoxemia. Journal of Immunology 145, 2920-2924.
  • Iwasaki, Y., Nishiyama, M., Taguchi, T., Asai, M., Yoshida, M., Kambayashi, M., Terada, Y., Hashimoto, K., 2009. Insulin exhibits shortterm anti-inflammatory but long-term proinflammatory effects in vitro. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 298, 25-32.
  • Jeschke, M.G., Klein, D., Bolder, U., Einspanier, R., 200 Insulin attenuates the systemic inflammatory response in endotoxemic rats. Endocrinology 145, 4084-4093.
  • Jeschke, M.G., Einspanier, R., Klein, D., Jauch, K.W., 2002. Insulin attenuates the systemic inflammatory response to thermal trauma. Molecular Medicine 8, 443-450.
  • Kang, S., Song, J., Kang, H., Kim, S., Lee, Y., Park, D., 2003. Insulin can block apoptosis by decreasing oxidative stress via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase- and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase-dependent signaling pathways in HepG2 cells. European Journal of Endocrinology 148, 147-155.
  • Leffler, M., Hrach, T., Stuerzl, M., Horch, R.E., Herndon, D.N., Jeschke, M.G., 2007. Insulin attenuates apoptosis and exerts antiinflammatory effects in endotoxemic human macrophages. Journal of Surgical Research 143, 398-40
  • Lehtolainen, T., Rontved, C., Pyorala, S., 2004. Serum amyloid A and TNF alpha in serum and milk during experimental endotoxin mastitis. Veterinary Research 35, 651-659.
  • Mahadev, K., Wu, X., Zilbering, A., Zhu, L., Lawrence, J.T.R., Goldstein, B.J., 2001. Hydrogen peroxide generated during cellular insulin stimulation is integral to activation of the distal insulin signaling cascade in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Journal of Biological Chemistry 276, 48662-48669.
  • Moore, J.N., Barton, M.H., 2003. Treatment of endotoxemia. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice 19, 681-695.
  • Murata, H., Shimada, N., Yoshioka, M., 2004. Current research on acute phase proteins in veterinary diagnosis: an overview. The Veterinary Journal 168, 28-40.
  • Murata, H., 2007. Stress and acute phase protein response: an inconspicuous but essential linkage. The Veterinary Journal 173, 473-474.
  • Nazifi, S., Khoshvaghti, A., Gheisari, H.R., 2008. Evaluation of serum and milk amyloid A in some inflammatory diseases of cattle. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research 9, 222-226.
  • Niehof, M., Streetz, K., Rakemann, T., Bischoff, S.C., Manns, M.P., Horn, F., Trautwein, C., 200 Interleukin-6-induced tethering of STAT3 to the LAP/C/EBPbeta promoter suggests a new mechanism of transcriptional regulation by STAT The Journal of Biological Chemistry 276, 9016-9027.
  • Paglia, D.E., Valentine, W.N., 1967. Studies on the quantitative and qualitative characterization of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine 70, 158-169. Pastore, A., Piemonte, F., Locatelli, M., Lo Russo, A., Gaeta, L.M., Tozzi, G., Federici, G., 2003. Determination of blood total, reduced, and oxidized glutathione in pediatric subjects. Clinical Chemistry 47, 1467-1469.
  • Petersen, H.H., Nielsen, J.P., Heegaard, P.M.H., 200 Application of acute phase protein measurements in veterinary clinical chemistry. Veterinary Research 35, 163-187. Pfeffer, A., Rogers, K.M., 1989. Acute phase response of sheep: changes in the concentrations of ceruloplasmin, fibrinogen, haptoglobin and the major blood cell types associated with pulmonary damage. Research in Veterinary Science 46, 118-124.
  • Pineiro, M., Pineiro, C., Carpintero, R., Morales, J., Campbell, F.M., Eckersall, P.D., Toussaint, M.J., Lampreave, F., 2007. Characterization of the pig acute phase protein response to road transport. The Veterinary Journal 173, 669-674.
  • Podil’chalk, M.D., Vdovychenko, V.I., Terlets’ka, L.M., 1996. Lipid peroxidation and blood serum peroxidase activity in diseases of the hepatobiliary system. Likars'ka Sprava 1-2, 110Pompella, A., Visvikis, A., Paolicchi, A., De Tata, V., Casini, A.F., 2003. The changing faces of glutathione, a cellular protagonist. Biochemical Pharmacology 66, 1499-1503.
  • Radostits, O.M., Gay, C.C., Hinchcliff, K.W., Constable, P.D., 200 Toxemia and endotoxemia. In: Veterinary Medicine: A Text Book of the Diseases of Cattle, Horses, Sheep, Pigs and Goats, 10 th ed. Elsevier, pp. 53-60. Rivers, E., Nguyen, B., Havstad, S., Ressler, J., Muzzin, A., Knoblich, B., Peterson, E., Tomlanovich, M., 2001. Early goal-directed therapy in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock. The New England Journal of Medicine 345, 1368-1377.
  • Satomi, N., Sakurai, A., Haranaka, K., 1985. Relationship of hypoglycemia to tumor necrosis factor production and antitumor activity: role of glucose, insulin, and macrophages. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 74, 1255-1260.
  • Schroder, K., Hertzog, P.J., Ravasi, T., Hume, D.A., 200 Interferon-γ: an overview of signals, mechanisms and functions. Journal of Leukocyte Biology 75, 163-189. Takala, J., Ruokonen, E., Webster, N.R., Nielsen, M.S., Zandstra, D.F., Vundelinckx, G., Hinds, C.J., 1999. Increase mortality associated with growth hormone treatment in critically ill patients. The New England Journal of Medicine 341, 785-792.
  • Van den Berghe, G., Wilmer, A., Hermans, G., Meersseman, W., Wouters, P.J., Milants, I., Van Wijngaerden, E., Bobbaers, H., Bouillon, R., 2006. Intensive insulin therapy in the medical ICU. The New England Journal of Medicine 354, 449-461.
  • Wiryana, M., 2009. The role of intensive insulin therapy in increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) and normalizing hyperglycemia in critically ill patients. Acta Medica Indonesiana (The Indonesian Journal of Internal Medicine) 41, 59-65.

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Insulin and Dexamethasone on Experimentally Escherichia coli Serotype O55:B5 Induced Endotoxemia in Iranian Fat-Tailed Sheep

Year 2013, Volume: 39 Issue: 2, 197 - 208, 10.03.2013

Abstract

ABSTRACT

The present experiment was performed in order to compare the effect of insulin and dexamethasone on treating endotoxemia following the intravenous infusion of endotoxin of Escherichia coli serotype O55:B5 in the Iranian fat-tailed sheep. Twenty clinically healthy one-year old Iranian fat-tailed ewes were randomly assigned into four equal (n=5) experimental groups, comprising of Control, Dexa, Insln 1.5 and Insln 3 groups. Lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli serotype O55:B5 was administered intravenously at 20 µg/kg. All experimental groups undergone intravenous fluid therapy for 120 minutes after lipopolysaccharide injection. 180 minutes after lipopolysaccharide injection, dexamethasone (in Dexa group at 1 mg/kg) and insulin regular (in Insln 1.5 and 3 at 1.5 and 3 IU/kg, respectively) were injected along with the intravenous fluid for 60 minutes. The Control group just received lipopolysaccharide and was treated only with intravenous fluid without using any drug. The blood samples were collected from all ewes and assayed separated sera for serum acute phase proteins (serum amyloid A and haptoglobin), inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma) and oxidative stress biomarkers (super oxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase). In all experimental groups a rapid increase was seen in the amount of acute phase proteins and inflammatory cytokines and a decrease was seen in oxidative stress biomarkers after endotoxemia induction (P<0.05). The results of the present study showed that insulin regular at 3 IU/kg controlled acute phase response following endotoxemia induction. The potency of insulin regular at 3 IU/kg was significantly higher than 1.5 IU/kg and dexamethasone at 1 mg/kg (P<0.05) in order to treat endotoxemia due to Escherichia coli serotype O55:B5 in Iranian fat-tailed sheep.

Keywords: Endotoxemia, treatment, insulin regular, dexamethasone, Iranian fat-tailed sheep

 

ÖZET

YAĞLI KUYRUKLU İRAN KOYUNLARINDA DENEYSEL ESCHERICHIA COLI SEROTİP O55:B5'E BAĞLI ENDOTOKSEMİDE İNSÜLİN VE DEKSAMETAZONUN ANTİ İNFLAMATUAR ETKİLERİ

 

Bu deneyde yağlı kuyruklu İran koyunlarında Escherichia coli serotip O55:B5'e ait endotoksinlerin intravenöz infüzyonunu takiben insulin ve deksametazonun endotoksemi tedavisindeki etkileri karşılaştırıldı. Yirmi adet klinik olarak sağlıklı bir yaşındaki yağlı kuyruklu İran koyunların tesadüfi seçimiyle Kontrol, Dexa, Insln 1,5 ve Insln 3'ten oluşan dört (n=5) adet deney grubu oluşturuldu. Escherichia coli serotip O55:B5'in lipopolisakkaridi 20 µg/kg dozda intravenöz olarak uygulandı. Tüm deney gruplarına lipopolisakkarit enjeksiyonu sonrası 120 dakika süreyle intravenöz sıvı tedavisi uygulanmıştır. Lipopolisakkarid enjeksiyonundan 180 dakika sonra, deksametazon (Dexa grubuna 1 mg / kg) ve insülin (Insln 1,5 ve 3 gruplarına sırasıyla, 1,5 ve 3 IU / kg) 60 dakika süreyle damar içi sıvı ile birlikte enjekte edildi. Kontrol grubuna sadece lipopolisakkaritten oluşan ve herhangi bir ilacın kullanılmadığı intravenöz sıvı tedavi  uygulandı.Tüm koyunlardan kan örnekleri toplanarak elde edilen serumlardan akut faz proteinleri (serum amiloid A ve haptoglobin), inflamatuar sitokinler (tümör nekroz faktörü-alfa ve interferon-gamma) ve oksidatif stres belirteçleri (süper oksit dismutaz ve glutatyon peroksidaz) değerleri ölçülmüştür. Bütün deney grupları içinde endotoksemi indüksiyondan sonra (P<0,05), akut faz proteinleri ve inflamatuar sitokin miktarlarında hızlı bir artış görülürken oksidatif stres belirteçlerinde düşüş görülmüştür. Bu çalışmanın sonucunda endotoksemi indüksiyonundan sonra 3 IU / kg dozda insulinin akut faz yanıtını  kontrol ettiği görülmüştür. Yağlı kuyruklu İran koyunlarda Escherichia coli serotip O55:B5'e bağlı endotokseminin tedavisinde 3 IU/kg insülinin etkisi 1,5 IU/kg doz insülinden ve 1 mg/kg deksametazonun etkisinden anlamlı derecede yüksek olduğu (P<0,05) belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Endotoksemi, tedavi, insulin, deksametazon, yağlı kuyruklu İran koyunu

References

  • Alsemgeest, S.P.M., Kalsbeek, H.C., Wensing, T., Koeman, J.P., Van Ederen, A.M., Gruys, E., 19 Concentrations of serum amyloid A (SAA) and haptoglobin (Hp) as parameters of inflammatory diseases in cattle. The Veterinary Quarterly 16, 21-23. Bauer, V., Bauer, F., 1999. Reactive oxygen species as mediators of tissue protection and injury. General Physiology and Biophysics 18, 7-14.
  • Boichot, E., Sannomiya, P., Escofier, N., Germain, N., Fortes, Z.B., Lagente, V., 19 Endotoxin-induced acute lung injury in rats, role of insulin. Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 12, 285-290. Burchett, S.K., Weaver, W.M., Westall, J.A., Larsen, A., Kronheim, S., Wilson, C.B., 1988. Regulation of tumor necrosis factor/cachectin and IL-1 secretion in human mononuclear phagocytes. Journal of Immunology 140, 347334
  • Conner, J.G., Eckersall, P.D., Wiseman, A., Bain, R.K., Douglas, T.A., 1989. Acute phase response in calves following infection with Pasteurella haemolytica, Ostertagia ostertagi and endotoxin administration. Research in Veterinary Science 47, 203-207.
  • Dandona, P., Mohanty, P., Chaudhuri, A., Garg, R., Aljada, A., 2005. Insulin infusion in acute illness. The Journal of Clinical Investigation 115, 2069-2072.
  • Das, U.N., 200 Is insulin an endogenous cardioprotector? Current Opinion in Critical Care 6, 389-393. Feldman, B.F., Zinkl, J.G., Jain, N.C., 2000. Schalm’s Veterinary Hematology. 1 st ed. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, pp. 891-896.
  • Frost, R.A., Lang, C.H., Gelato, M.C., 1997. Transient exposure of human myoblasts to tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibits serum and insulin-like growth factor-I stimulated protein synthesis. Endocrinology 138, 4153-4159.
  • Gabay, C., Kushner, I., 1999. Acute-phase proteins and other systemic responses to inflammation. The New England Journal of Medicine 340, 448-4
  • Gruys, E., Obwolo, M.J., Toussaint, M.J.M., 1994. Diagnostic significance of the major acute phase proteins in veterinary clinical chemistry: a review. Veterinary Bulletin 64, 1009-1018.
  • Heinzel, F.P., 1990. The role of IFN-γ in the pathology of experimental endotoxemia. Journal of Immunology 145, 2920-2924.
  • Iwasaki, Y., Nishiyama, M., Taguchi, T., Asai, M., Yoshida, M., Kambayashi, M., Terada, Y., Hashimoto, K., 2009. Insulin exhibits shortterm anti-inflammatory but long-term proinflammatory effects in vitro. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 298, 25-32.
  • Jeschke, M.G., Klein, D., Bolder, U., Einspanier, R., 200 Insulin attenuates the systemic inflammatory response in endotoxemic rats. Endocrinology 145, 4084-4093.
  • Jeschke, M.G., Einspanier, R., Klein, D., Jauch, K.W., 2002. Insulin attenuates the systemic inflammatory response to thermal trauma. Molecular Medicine 8, 443-450.
  • Kang, S., Song, J., Kang, H., Kim, S., Lee, Y., Park, D., 2003. Insulin can block apoptosis by decreasing oxidative stress via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase- and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase-dependent signaling pathways in HepG2 cells. European Journal of Endocrinology 148, 147-155.
  • Leffler, M., Hrach, T., Stuerzl, M., Horch, R.E., Herndon, D.N., Jeschke, M.G., 2007. Insulin attenuates apoptosis and exerts antiinflammatory effects in endotoxemic human macrophages. Journal of Surgical Research 143, 398-40
  • Lehtolainen, T., Rontved, C., Pyorala, S., 2004. Serum amyloid A and TNF alpha in serum and milk during experimental endotoxin mastitis. Veterinary Research 35, 651-659.
  • Mahadev, K., Wu, X., Zilbering, A., Zhu, L., Lawrence, J.T.R., Goldstein, B.J., 2001. Hydrogen peroxide generated during cellular insulin stimulation is integral to activation of the distal insulin signaling cascade in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Journal of Biological Chemistry 276, 48662-48669.
  • Moore, J.N., Barton, M.H., 2003. Treatment of endotoxemia. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice 19, 681-695.
  • Murata, H., Shimada, N., Yoshioka, M., 2004. Current research on acute phase proteins in veterinary diagnosis: an overview. The Veterinary Journal 168, 28-40.
  • Murata, H., 2007. Stress and acute phase protein response: an inconspicuous but essential linkage. The Veterinary Journal 173, 473-474.
  • Nazifi, S., Khoshvaghti, A., Gheisari, H.R., 2008. Evaluation of serum and milk amyloid A in some inflammatory diseases of cattle. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research 9, 222-226.
  • Niehof, M., Streetz, K., Rakemann, T., Bischoff, S.C., Manns, M.P., Horn, F., Trautwein, C., 200 Interleukin-6-induced tethering of STAT3 to the LAP/C/EBPbeta promoter suggests a new mechanism of transcriptional regulation by STAT The Journal of Biological Chemistry 276, 9016-9027.
  • Paglia, D.E., Valentine, W.N., 1967. Studies on the quantitative and qualitative characterization of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine 70, 158-169. Pastore, A., Piemonte, F., Locatelli, M., Lo Russo, A., Gaeta, L.M., Tozzi, G., Federici, G., 2003. Determination of blood total, reduced, and oxidized glutathione in pediatric subjects. Clinical Chemistry 47, 1467-1469.
  • Petersen, H.H., Nielsen, J.P., Heegaard, P.M.H., 200 Application of acute phase protein measurements in veterinary clinical chemistry. Veterinary Research 35, 163-187. Pfeffer, A., Rogers, K.M., 1989. Acute phase response of sheep: changes in the concentrations of ceruloplasmin, fibrinogen, haptoglobin and the major blood cell types associated with pulmonary damage. Research in Veterinary Science 46, 118-124.
  • Pineiro, M., Pineiro, C., Carpintero, R., Morales, J., Campbell, F.M., Eckersall, P.D., Toussaint, M.J., Lampreave, F., 2007. Characterization of the pig acute phase protein response to road transport. The Veterinary Journal 173, 669-674.
  • Podil’chalk, M.D., Vdovychenko, V.I., Terlets’ka, L.M., 1996. Lipid peroxidation and blood serum peroxidase activity in diseases of the hepatobiliary system. Likars'ka Sprava 1-2, 110Pompella, A., Visvikis, A., Paolicchi, A., De Tata, V., Casini, A.F., 2003. The changing faces of glutathione, a cellular protagonist. Biochemical Pharmacology 66, 1499-1503.
  • Radostits, O.M., Gay, C.C., Hinchcliff, K.W., Constable, P.D., 200 Toxemia and endotoxemia. In: Veterinary Medicine: A Text Book of the Diseases of Cattle, Horses, Sheep, Pigs and Goats, 10 th ed. Elsevier, pp. 53-60. Rivers, E., Nguyen, B., Havstad, S., Ressler, J., Muzzin, A., Knoblich, B., Peterson, E., Tomlanovich, M., 2001. Early goal-directed therapy in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock. The New England Journal of Medicine 345, 1368-1377.
  • Satomi, N., Sakurai, A., Haranaka, K., 1985. Relationship of hypoglycemia to tumor necrosis factor production and antitumor activity: role of glucose, insulin, and macrophages. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 74, 1255-1260.
  • Schroder, K., Hertzog, P.J., Ravasi, T., Hume, D.A., 200 Interferon-γ: an overview of signals, mechanisms and functions. Journal of Leukocyte Biology 75, 163-189. Takala, J., Ruokonen, E., Webster, N.R., Nielsen, M.S., Zandstra, D.F., Vundelinckx, G., Hinds, C.J., 1999. Increase mortality associated with growth hormone treatment in critically ill patients. The New England Journal of Medicine 341, 785-792.
  • Van den Berghe, G., Wilmer, A., Hermans, G., Meersseman, W., Wouters, P.J., Milants, I., Van Wijngaerden, E., Bobbaers, H., Bouillon, R., 2006. Intensive insulin therapy in the medical ICU. The New England Journal of Medicine 354, 449-461.
  • Wiryana, M., 2009. The role of intensive insulin therapy in increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) and normalizing hyperglycemia in critically ill patients. Acta Medica Indonesiana (The Indonesian Journal of Internal Medicine) 41, 59-65.
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Aliasghar Chalmeh

Khalil Badıeı This is me

Mehrdad Pourjafar This is me

Saeed Nazıfı This is me

Publication Date March 10, 2013
Published in Issue Year 2013 Volume: 39 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Chalmeh, A., Badıeı, K., Pourjafar, M., Nazıfı, S. (2013). Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Insulin and Dexamethasone on Experimentally Escherichia coli Serotype O55:B5 Induced Endotoxemia in Iranian Fat-Tailed Sheep. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 39(2), 197-208. https://doi.org/10.16988/iuvfd.09169
AMA Chalmeh A, Badıeı K, Pourjafar M, Nazıfı S. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Insulin and Dexamethasone on Experimentally Escherichia coli Serotype O55:B5 Induced Endotoxemia in Iranian Fat-Tailed Sheep. iuvfd. March 2013;39(2):197-208. doi:10.16988/iuvfd.09169
Chicago Chalmeh, Aliasghar, Khalil Badıeı, Mehrdad Pourjafar, and Saeed Nazıfı. “Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Insulin and Dexamethasone on Experimentally Escherichia Coli Serotype O55:B5 Induced Endotoxemia in Iranian Fat-Tailed Sheep”. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 39, no. 2 (March 2013): 197-208. https://doi.org/10.16988/iuvfd.09169.
EndNote Chalmeh A, Badıeı K, Pourjafar M, Nazıfı S (March 1, 2013) Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Insulin and Dexamethasone on Experimentally Escherichia coli Serotype O55:B5 Induced Endotoxemia in Iranian Fat-Tailed Sheep. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 39 2 197–208.
IEEE A. Chalmeh, K. Badıeı, M. Pourjafar, and S. Nazıfı, “Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Insulin and Dexamethasone on Experimentally Escherichia coli Serotype O55:B5 Induced Endotoxemia in Iranian Fat-Tailed Sheep”, iuvfd, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 197–208, 2013, doi: 10.16988/iuvfd.09169.
ISNAD Chalmeh, Aliasghar et al. “Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Insulin and Dexamethasone on Experimentally Escherichia Coli Serotype O55:B5 Induced Endotoxemia in Iranian Fat-Tailed Sheep”. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 39/2 (March 2013), 197-208. https://doi.org/10.16988/iuvfd.09169.
JAMA Chalmeh A, Badıeı K, Pourjafar M, Nazıfı S. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Insulin and Dexamethasone on Experimentally Escherichia coli Serotype O55:B5 Induced Endotoxemia in Iranian Fat-Tailed Sheep. iuvfd. 2013;39:197–208.
MLA Chalmeh, Aliasghar et al. “Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Insulin and Dexamethasone on Experimentally Escherichia Coli Serotype O55:B5 Induced Endotoxemia in Iranian Fat-Tailed Sheep”. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 39, no. 2, 2013, pp. 197-08, doi:10.16988/iuvfd.09169.
Vancouver Chalmeh A, Badıeı K, Pourjafar M, Nazıfı S. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Insulin and Dexamethasone on Experimentally Escherichia coli Serotype O55:B5 Induced Endotoxemia in Iranian Fat-Tailed Sheep. iuvfd. 2013;39(2):197-208.