Abstract
Occurrence of anemia in suckling dairy calves up to 4 months old with regard to age and sex susceptibility was investigated in Urmia, Iran. From 25 dairy herds, 164 calves including 97 females and 67 males were selected. Five ml jugular vein blood was collected from calves into 2 ml with EDTA and 3 ml without EDTA tubes. Blood parameters were evaluated for hematocrit (PCV), hemoglobin (Hb), erythrocytes (RBC), leucocytes (WBC), total plasma protein, iron (Fe), total iron banding capacity (TIBC), neutrophils, lymphocytes, MCV, MCH, and MCHC. Anemia was classified according to the PCV values, over 24%, 20-23.99%, 12-19.99% and less than 12% as normal, mild, moderate and severe anemia. The percentage of anemia in calves was 17.7% including 14% mild and 3.7% was moderate anemia (P<0.05). The percentage of moderate and mild anemia in female calves was greater than in male calves but the differences was not significant. Significant age differences (P<0.05) were observed at 3 months of age for moderate and up to 2 months old for mild anemia. Mean Hb, RBC, Fe, lymphocytes, TIBC and MCV decrease by increasing the anemia symptom. Mean WBC, neutrophils, MCHC and protein increase by increasing the anemia sign. The differences were significant (P<0.05) only for PCV, Hb, RBC and MCHC. In conclusion, calves reveal a mild anemia, which is not related to Fe deficiency. Gender difference was not obvious in anemia while the age of 3 months is the critical age for moderate anemia occurrence in Urmia dairy calves that prevention procedures must be considered.
References
- Bastian, M , Holsteg, M , Hanke-Robinson, H , Duchow, K , Cussler, K., 2011. Bovine neonatal pancytopenia: Is this alloimmune syndrome caused by vaccine-induced alloreactive antibodies? Vaccine 29, 5267-5275.
- Dilov, P., Antonov, S., Lalov, K.H., 1981. Incidence of anemia in newborn calves. Veterinarno Meditsinski Nauki 18, 56-64.
- Gosselin, V.B., Fecteau, G., Nichols, S., 2011. Presumptive bovine neonatal pancytopenia in a Holstein calf in québec. Canadian Veterinary Journal 52, 788-790.
- Ježek, J., Starič, J., Nemec, M., Zadnik, T., Klinkon, M., 200 Relationship between blood haemoglobin and serum iron concentrations and heart girth in pre-weaned dairy calves. Italian Journal of Animal Science 8, 151-153. Kappe, E.C., Halami, M., Schade, B., Bauer, J., Dekant, W., Buitkamp, J., Boettcher, J., Mueller, H., 2009. Fatal aplastic anaemia with haemorrhagic disease in calves in Germany. Journal of Comparative Pathology 141, 2932
- Maach, I., Grunder, H.D., Faio, A., 1991. Hematological and hemochemical studies in black pied, clinically healthy breedind calves in Morocco. Deutsche Tierarzti Wochenschr 98, 94Mc Farlane, J.M., Morris, G.L., Curtis, S.E., Simon, J., McGlone, J.J., 19 Some indicators of welfare of crated veal calves on three dietary iron regimens. Journal of Animal Science 66, 317-3
- Miltenburg, G.A., Wensing, T., Breukink, H.J., Marx, J.J., 1993. Mucosal uptake, mucosal transfer and retention of iron in veal calves. Veterinary Research Communications 7, 2092 Mitruka, B., Rawnshky, H., 19 Clinical Biochemical and Hematological Reference. Values in Normal Experimental Animals and Normal Humans. 2 nd
- Ed. Masson Publishing, USA, Inc., pp. 230-231. Mohri, M., Poorsina, S., Sedaghat, R., 2010. Effects of parenteral supply of iron on RBC parameters, performance, and health in neonatal dairy calves. Biological Trace Element Research 136, 33Moosavian, H.R., Mohri, M., Seifi, H.A., 2010. Effects of parenteral over-supplementation of vitamin A and iron on hematology, iron biochemistry, weight gain, and health of neonatal dairy calves. Food and Chemical Toxicology 48, 1316-1320.
- Okabe, J., Tajima, S., Yamato, O., Inaba, M., Hagiwara, S., Maede, Y., 1996. Hemoglobin types, erythrocyte membrane skeleton and plasma iron concentration in calves with poikilocytosis. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 58, 629-634.
- Pardon, B., Steukers, L., Dierick, J., Ducatelle, R., Saey, V., Maes, S., Vercauteren, G., De Clercq, K., Callens, J., De Bleecker, K., Deprez, P., 2010. Haemorrhagic diathesis in neonatal calves: An emerging syndrome in europe. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 57, 135-146.
- Parsons, S.D.C., Penzhorn, B.L., Reyers, F., Steyl, J.C.A., Becker, P.J., 2006. Erythrocyte morphology and haemoglobin types of neonatal roan antelopes (hippotragus equinus) with hypochromic poikilocytic anaemia. Journal of Comparative Pathology 134, 152-160.
- Radostits, O.M., Gay, C.C., Hinchcliff, K.W., Constable, P.D., 2007. Veterinary Medicine 10 th Ed., Edinburg, London, 1725-1728.
- Ramin, A.G., Asri-Rezaie, S., Hemati, M., Eftekhari, Z., Jeloudary, M., Ramin, S., 20 Evaluation of the erythrocytes and leucocyte alterations in cows infected with Theileria annulata. Acta Veterinaria (Beograd) 61, 567-574. Ramin, A.G., Mortaz, E., Harighi, N., 2000. The assessment of physiological responses of anemic cows to blood infusion. Journal of Veterinary College of Tehran University 55, 43
- Randhawa, C.S., 2010. Incidence of iron deficiency in crossbred cow calves reared on pucca floor. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 80, 103710
- Rengifo, S.A., Silva, R.A., Botteon, R.C.C.M., Botteon, P.T.L., 20 Hemogram and auxiliary serum biochemistry in neonatal crossbred calves and disease occurrence. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia 62, 993-997. Tennant, B., Harrold, D., Reina-Guerra, M., Kaneko, J.J., 1975. Hematology of the neonatal calf. III. Frequency of congenital iron deficiency anemia. The Cornell Veterinarian 65, 543-5
- Völker, H., Rotermund, L., 2000. The possibilities of oral iron supply in calves to maintain their health status. Deutsche Tierarztliche Wochenschrift 107, 16-22.
- Völker, H., Rotermund, L., Bauer, U., 1996. Animal welfare aspects of the production of veal. Berliner und Munchener Tierarztliche Wochenschrift 109, 55-62.
- Welchman, D.D., 1988. Hematology of calves reared in different husbandry systems and the assessment of iron deficiency. Veterinary Record 123, 645-648.
Abstract
Emme döneminde olan 4 aylık buzağılardaki anemi oluşumundaki yaş ve cinsiyet yatkınlığı Urmia, İran’da
incelendi. 25 sürü içerisinden, 97’si dişi ve 67’si erkek olmak üzere 164 buzağı seçildi. Jugular venadan 2 ml’si
EDTA’lı ve 3 ml’si EDTA’sız tüplere konulmak üzere 5 ml kan alınmıştır. Kan parametrelerinden; hematokrit (PCV),
hemoglobin (Hb), eritrositler (RBC), lökositler (WBC), total plazma protein, demir (Fe), total demir bağlama kapasitesi (TIBC), nötrofiller, lenfositler, MCV, MCH ve MCHC incelendi. Anemi PCV değerleri %24’ün üstünde
normal, %20-23,99 arasında az, %12-19,99 orta, %12’den düşük şiddetli anemiye göre sınıflandırılmıştır.
Buzağılardaki aneminin oranı %14’ü az ve %3,7’si orta dereceli anemi olacak şekilde %17,7 olarak belirlendi
(P < 0,05). Orta ve az dereceli aneminin oranı dişi buzağılarda daha yüksek olmasına rağmen bu fark istatistiki açıdan
önemli değildir. Yaşa bağlı belirgin değişimler (P < 0,05) orta dereceli anemilerde 3 aylıklarda ve az dereceli için ise 2
aylık buzağılarda gözlenmiştir. Aneminin semptomlarının artması sayesinde ortalama Hb, RBC, Fe, lenfosit, TIBC ve
MCV azalır. Değişimler sadece PCV, Hb, RBC ve MCHC için belirgindi (P < 0,05). Sonuç olarak buzağılarda Fe
yetmezliği ile bağlantılı olmayan az dereceli anemi açığa çıkmaktadır. Urmia’daki buzağılarda cinsiyetin anemi
oluşumu üzerine etkisinin belirgin olmadığı; orta dereceli anemi için 3 aylık yaşın kritik olduğu ve buna ilişkin
önlemlerin alınması gerektiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır
References
- Bastian, M , Holsteg, M , Hanke-Robinson, H , Duchow, K , Cussler, K., 2011. Bovine neonatal pancytopenia: Is this alloimmune syndrome caused by vaccine-induced alloreactive antibodies? Vaccine 29, 5267-5275.
- Dilov, P., Antonov, S., Lalov, K.H., 1981. Incidence of anemia in newborn calves. Veterinarno Meditsinski Nauki 18, 56-64.
- Gosselin, V.B., Fecteau, G., Nichols, S., 2011. Presumptive bovine neonatal pancytopenia in a Holstein calf in québec. Canadian Veterinary Journal 52, 788-790.
- Ježek, J., Starič, J., Nemec, M., Zadnik, T., Klinkon, M., 200 Relationship between blood haemoglobin and serum iron concentrations and heart girth in pre-weaned dairy calves. Italian Journal of Animal Science 8, 151-153. Kappe, E.C., Halami, M., Schade, B., Bauer, J., Dekant, W., Buitkamp, J., Boettcher, J., Mueller, H., 2009. Fatal aplastic anaemia with haemorrhagic disease in calves in Germany. Journal of Comparative Pathology 141, 2932
- Maach, I., Grunder, H.D., Faio, A., 1991. Hematological and hemochemical studies in black pied, clinically healthy breedind calves in Morocco. Deutsche Tierarzti Wochenschr 98, 94Mc Farlane, J.M., Morris, G.L., Curtis, S.E., Simon, J., McGlone, J.J., 19 Some indicators of welfare of crated veal calves on three dietary iron regimens. Journal of Animal Science 66, 317-3
- Miltenburg, G.A., Wensing, T., Breukink, H.J., Marx, J.J., 1993. Mucosal uptake, mucosal transfer and retention of iron in veal calves. Veterinary Research Communications 7, 2092 Mitruka, B., Rawnshky, H., 19 Clinical Biochemical and Hematological Reference. Values in Normal Experimental Animals and Normal Humans. 2 nd
- Ed. Masson Publishing, USA, Inc., pp. 230-231. Mohri, M., Poorsina, S., Sedaghat, R., 2010. Effects of parenteral supply of iron on RBC parameters, performance, and health in neonatal dairy calves. Biological Trace Element Research 136, 33Moosavian, H.R., Mohri, M., Seifi, H.A., 2010. Effects of parenteral over-supplementation of vitamin A and iron on hematology, iron biochemistry, weight gain, and health of neonatal dairy calves. Food and Chemical Toxicology 48, 1316-1320.
- Okabe, J., Tajima, S., Yamato, O., Inaba, M., Hagiwara, S., Maede, Y., 1996. Hemoglobin types, erythrocyte membrane skeleton and plasma iron concentration in calves with poikilocytosis. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 58, 629-634.
- Pardon, B., Steukers, L., Dierick, J., Ducatelle, R., Saey, V., Maes, S., Vercauteren, G., De Clercq, K., Callens, J., De Bleecker, K., Deprez, P., 2010. Haemorrhagic diathesis in neonatal calves: An emerging syndrome in europe. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 57, 135-146.
- Parsons, S.D.C., Penzhorn, B.L., Reyers, F., Steyl, J.C.A., Becker, P.J., 2006. Erythrocyte morphology and haemoglobin types of neonatal roan antelopes (hippotragus equinus) with hypochromic poikilocytic anaemia. Journal of Comparative Pathology 134, 152-160.
- Radostits, O.M., Gay, C.C., Hinchcliff, K.W., Constable, P.D., 2007. Veterinary Medicine 10 th Ed., Edinburg, London, 1725-1728.
- Ramin, A.G., Asri-Rezaie, S., Hemati, M., Eftekhari, Z., Jeloudary, M., Ramin, S., 20 Evaluation of the erythrocytes and leucocyte alterations in cows infected with Theileria annulata. Acta Veterinaria (Beograd) 61, 567-574. Ramin, A.G., Mortaz, E., Harighi, N., 2000. The assessment of physiological responses of anemic cows to blood infusion. Journal of Veterinary College of Tehran University 55, 43
- Randhawa, C.S., 2010. Incidence of iron deficiency in crossbred cow calves reared on pucca floor. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 80, 103710
- Rengifo, S.A., Silva, R.A., Botteon, R.C.C.M., Botteon, P.T.L., 20 Hemogram and auxiliary serum biochemistry in neonatal crossbred calves and disease occurrence. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia 62, 993-997. Tennant, B., Harrold, D., Reina-Guerra, M., Kaneko, J.J., 1975. Hematology of the neonatal calf. III. Frequency of congenital iron deficiency anemia. The Cornell Veterinarian 65, 543-5
- Völker, H., Rotermund, L., 2000. The possibilities of oral iron supply in calves to maintain their health status. Deutsche Tierarztliche Wochenschrift 107, 16-22.
- Völker, H., Rotermund, L., Bauer, U., 1996. Animal welfare aspects of the production of veal. Berliner und Munchener Tierarztliche Wochenschrift 109, 55-62.
- Welchman, D.D., 1988. Hematology of calves reared in different husbandry systems and the assessment of iron deficiency. Veterinary Record 123, 645-648.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | January 3, 2014 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2014 Volume: 40 Issue: 1 |