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The Effects of Xylazine-Ketamine Anesthesia on Intraocular Pressure in Dogs

Year 2014, Volume: 40 Issue: 2, 260 - 263, 22.07.2014

Abstract

Glaucoma is defined as the increase in the intraocular pressure (IOP) causing visual loss due to the circulation deficits of the aqueous humor. The IOP measurement can be obtained without any problem in calm animals. However, some animals do not allow IOP measurement without sedation or anesthesia. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of xylazine HCl (as a sedative) and ketamine HCl (as an anesthetic in combination with xylazine HCl) on the IOP in dogs. In this study, 35 dogs of different breed, age and gender that were brought to Istanbul University Veterinary Faculty Education and Research Hospital Surgery Department with different surgical indications were used. As a result xylazine HCl sedation and xylazine HCl + ketamine HCl anesthesia decrease the intraocular pressure significantly and the IOP measurements in glaucoma suspicious dogs must be obtained without xylazine HCl sedation or xylazine HCl + ketamine HCl anesthesia were determined.

Key Words: Xylazine, ketamine, IOP, dog, anesthesia

References

  • Cunningham, A.J., 19 Intraocular pressure physiology and implications for anaesthetic management. Canadian Anaesthetists Society Journal 33 (2), 195-208. Gelatt, K.N., Brooks, D.E., Kallberg, M.E., 2007. The Canine Glaucomas. In: Gellatt KN (Ed), Veterinary Ophthalmology, Volume II, Fourth Edition, Blackwell Publishing, Florida, p. 762.
  • Gellatt, K.N., Gwin, R., Peiffer, R.L., Gum, G.G., 19 Tonography in normal and glaucomatous beagle. American Journal of Veterinary Research 38, 515-520. Greene, S.A., Thurmon, J.C., 1988. Xylazine - a review of its pharmacology and use in veterinary medicine. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutic 11, 295-313
  • Hartney, E., 2012. What’s ketamine? http://addictions.about.com/od/Dissociative_Dr ugs/g/What-Is-Ketamine.htm. Erişim (02013).
  • Hofmeister, E.H., Mosunic, C.B., Torres, B.T., Ralph, A.G., Moore, P.A., Read, M.R., 2006. Effects of ketamine, diazepam and their combination of intraocular pressures in clinically normal dogs. American Journal of Veterinary Research 67 (7), 1136-1139.
  • Kilic, S., Unsaldi, S., 2005. Effects of anesthetic agents on canine ocular parameters. Indian Veterinary Journal 85, 42-44.
  • Klide, A.M., Calderwood, H.W., Soma, L.R., 1975. Cardiopulmonary effects of xylazine in dogs. American Journal of Veterinary Research 36 (7), 931-935.
  • Lemke, K.A., 2004. Perioperative use of selective alpha-2 agonists and antagonists in small animals. Canine Veterinary Journal 45, 4754
  • Lemke, K.A., 2007. Anticholinergics and Sedatives. In: Tranquilli W.J., Thurmon J.C., Grimm K.A. (Eds), Lumb and Jones’ Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia, Blackwell Publishing, Iowa, pp. 203-2
  • Lin, H.C., 2007. Dissociative Anesthetics. In: Tranquilli W.J., Thurmon J.C., Grimm K.A. (Eds), Lumb and Jones’ Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia, Blackwell Publishing, Iowa, pp. 301-3
  • Miller, P.E., 2003. Glaucoma. In: Slatter D. (Ed), Textbook of small animal surgery. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp. 1454-1477.
  • Saroglu, M., 2013. Göz İçi Basıncı ve Glaukoma. In: Veteriner Oftalmoloji Kedi ve Köpek Göz Hastalıkları, Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, Istanbul, pp. 243-255.
  • Sinclair, M.D., 2003. A review of the physiological effects of α 2
  • – agonists related to the clinical use of medetomidine in small animal practice. Canine Veterinary Journal 44, 885-897. Topal, A., 2005. Enjektabl Anestezikler. In: Veteriner Anestezi, Nobel ve Güneş Tıp Kitabevi, Bursa, pp. Verbruggen, A.M.J., Akkerdaas, L.C., Hellebrekers, L.J., Stades, F.C., 2000. The effect of intravenous medetomidine on pupil size and intraocular pressure in normotensive dogs. Vet Quarterly 22, 179-180.

KÖPEKLERDE KSİLAZİN-KETAMİN ANESTEZİSİNİN GÖZ İÇİ BASINCI ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ

Year 2014, Volume: 40 Issue: 2, 260 - 263, 22.07.2014

Abstract

Glokom, humor aközün dolaşımındaki bozukluktan ötürü oluşan ve görme kaybı ile sonuçlanan, göz içi basıncındaki artış olarak tanımlanabilir. Sakin mizaçlı hayvanlarda göz içi basıncı ölçümü hiçbir problemle karşılaşılmaksızın gerçekleştirilebilmektedir. Ancak bazı hayvanlar sedasyon veya anestezi olmaksızın göz içi basıncı ölçümüne müsaade etmemektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, köpeklerde, bir sedatif olarak ksilazin HCl ve bir anestezik madde olarak – ksilazin HCl kombinasyonuyla birlikte- ketamin HCl kullanılmasının, göz içi basıncı üzerine etkilerini tespit etmektir. Bu çalışmada İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi’ne farklı cerrahi endikasyonlarla getirilen, 35 adet, farklı yaş, ırk ve cinsiyette köpek kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda, ksilazin HCl sedasyonu ve ksilazin HCl + ketamin HCl kombinasyonuyla yapılan anestezinin göz içi basıncını belirgin olarak düşürdüğü ve glokom şüpheli köpeklerde göz içi basıncı ölçümünün bu maddeler kullanılmadan yapılması gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır. Bununla birlikte bu iki sedatif ve anestezik maddenin, göz cerrahisinde güvenli bir şekilde kullanılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Ksilazin, ketamin, göz içi basıncı, köpek, anestezi

References

  • Cunningham, A.J., 19 Intraocular pressure physiology and implications for anaesthetic management. Canadian Anaesthetists Society Journal 33 (2), 195-208. Gelatt, K.N., Brooks, D.E., Kallberg, M.E., 2007. The Canine Glaucomas. In: Gellatt KN (Ed), Veterinary Ophthalmology, Volume II, Fourth Edition, Blackwell Publishing, Florida, p. 762.
  • Gellatt, K.N., Gwin, R., Peiffer, R.L., Gum, G.G., 19 Tonography in normal and glaucomatous beagle. American Journal of Veterinary Research 38, 515-520. Greene, S.A., Thurmon, J.C., 1988. Xylazine - a review of its pharmacology and use in veterinary medicine. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutic 11, 295-313
  • Hartney, E., 2012. What’s ketamine? http://addictions.about.com/od/Dissociative_Dr ugs/g/What-Is-Ketamine.htm. Erişim (02013).
  • Hofmeister, E.H., Mosunic, C.B., Torres, B.T., Ralph, A.G., Moore, P.A., Read, M.R., 2006. Effects of ketamine, diazepam and their combination of intraocular pressures in clinically normal dogs. American Journal of Veterinary Research 67 (7), 1136-1139.
  • Kilic, S., Unsaldi, S., 2005. Effects of anesthetic agents on canine ocular parameters. Indian Veterinary Journal 85, 42-44.
  • Klide, A.M., Calderwood, H.W., Soma, L.R., 1975. Cardiopulmonary effects of xylazine in dogs. American Journal of Veterinary Research 36 (7), 931-935.
  • Lemke, K.A., 2004. Perioperative use of selective alpha-2 agonists and antagonists in small animals. Canine Veterinary Journal 45, 4754
  • Lemke, K.A., 2007. Anticholinergics and Sedatives. In: Tranquilli W.J., Thurmon J.C., Grimm K.A. (Eds), Lumb and Jones’ Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia, Blackwell Publishing, Iowa, pp. 203-2
  • Lin, H.C., 2007. Dissociative Anesthetics. In: Tranquilli W.J., Thurmon J.C., Grimm K.A. (Eds), Lumb and Jones’ Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia, Blackwell Publishing, Iowa, pp. 301-3
  • Miller, P.E., 2003. Glaucoma. In: Slatter D. (Ed), Textbook of small animal surgery. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp. 1454-1477.
  • Saroglu, M., 2013. Göz İçi Basıncı ve Glaukoma. In: Veteriner Oftalmoloji Kedi ve Köpek Göz Hastalıkları, Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, Istanbul, pp. 243-255.
  • Sinclair, M.D., 2003. A review of the physiological effects of α 2
  • – agonists related to the clinical use of medetomidine in small animal practice. Canine Veterinary Journal 44, 885-897. Topal, A., 2005. Enjektabl Anestezikler. In: Veteriner Anestezi, Nobel ve Güneş Tıp Kitabevi, Bursa, pp. Verbruggen, A.M.J., Akkerdaas, L.C., Hellebrekers, L.J., Stades, F.C., 2000. The effect of intravenous medetomidine on pupil size and intraocular pressure in normotensive dogs. Vet Quarterly 22, 179-180.
There are 13 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Short Communication
Authors

Murat Karabağlı This is me

Kürşat Özer This is me

Işıl Şahin This is me

Publication Date July 22, 2014
Published in Issue Year 2014 Volume: 40 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Karabağlı, M., Özer, K., & Şahin, I. (2014). The Effects of Xylazine-Ketamine Anesthesia on Intraocular Pressure in Dogs. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 40(2), 260-263. https://doi.org/10.16988/iuvfd.21953
AMA Karabağlı M, Özer K, Şahin I. The Effects of Xylazine-Ketamine Anesthesia on Intraocular Pressure in Dogs. iuvfd. July 2014;40(2):260-263. doi:10.16988/iuvfd.21953
Chicago Karabağlı, Murat, Kürşat Özer, and Işıl Şahin. “The Effects of Xylazine-Ketamine Anesthesia on Intraocular Pressure in Dogs”. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 40, no. 2 (July 2014): 260-63. https://doi.org/10.16988/iuvfd.21953.
EndNote Karabağlı M, Özer K, Şahin I (July 1, 2014) The Effects of Xylazine-Ketamine Anesthesia on Intraocular Pressure in Dogs. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 40 2 260–263.
IEEE M. Karabağlı, K. Özer, and I. Şahin, “The Effects of Xylazine-Ketamine Anesthesia on Intraocular Pressure in Dogs”, iuvfd, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 260–263, 2014, doi: 10.16988/iuvfd.21953.
ISNAD Karabağlı, Murat et al. “The Effects of Xylazine-Ketamine Anesthesia on Intraocular Pressure in Dogs”. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 40/2 (July 2014), 260-263. https://doi.org/10.16988/iuvfd.21953.
JAMA Karabağlı M, Özer K, Şahin I. The Effects of Xylazine-Ketamine Anesthesia on Intraocular Pressure in Dogs. iuvfd. 2014;40:260–263.
MLA Karabağlı, Murat et al. “The Effects of Xylazine-Ketamine Anesthesia on Intraocular Pressure in Dogs”. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 40, no. 2, 2014, pp. 260-3, doi:10.16988/iuvfd.21953.
Vancouver Karabağlı M, Özer K, Şahin I. The Effects of Xylazine-Ketamine Anesthesia on Intraocular Pressure in Dogs. iuvfd. 2014;40(2):260-3.