Protective Effects of Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) in Lead Acetate Exposed Diabetic Male Rats: Evaluation of Blood Biochemical Parameters and Testicular Histopathology

Year 2015, Volume: 41 Issue: 1, 84 - 91, 05.01.2015

Alireza Ayoubı Reza Vaızadeh Arash Omıdı Mohsen Abolfazlı

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of vitamin C against lead toxicity by measuring the blood parameters and studying histopathology of testis in diabetic male rats. Wister rats (42) were randomly assigned into7 groups: I) healthy; II) fed lead acetate only; III) vitamin C administered only; IV) diabetic; V) diabetic rats administered by vitamin C; VI) diabetic rats given lead acetate and VII) diabetic rats received lead acetate and vitamin C. The diabetic and lead groups had higher glucose, cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides and lower insulin and HDL concentration than the control group. It was found that vitamin C administration led to a lower level of blood glucose, cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides and higher HDL concentration in diabetic rats significantly. It was concluded that the antioxidant property of vitamin C resulted in reducing the oxidative stress complications of toxic levels of lead acetate in diabetic rats.

Keywords

Antioxidant, diabetes, lead, toxicity, vitamin c, Wistar rats

Kurşun Asetata Maruz Kalan Diyabetik Erkek Sıçanlarda Vitamin C (Askorbik Asit)’nin Koruyucu Etkisi: Kan Biyokimyasal Parametreleri ve Testis Histopatolojisinin Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı diyabetik erkek sıçanlarda kan parametrelerinin ölçülmesi ve testisin histopatolojisinin çalışılması ile vitamin C’nin kurşun toksisitesine karşı koruyucu etkisini incelemektir. Wistar sıçanlar (42) rastgele 7 gruba ayrılmıştır I) sağlıklı; II) sadece kurşun asetat ile beslenenler; III) sadece vitamin C uygulananlar; IV) diyabetik; V) vitamin C uygulanan diyabetik sıçanlar; VI) kurşun asetat verilen diyabetik sıçanlar ve VII) kurşun asetat ve vitamin C uygulanan diyabetik sıçanlar. Diyabetik ve kurşun verilen grupların kontrol gruplara kıyasla daha yüksek glukoz, kolesterol, LDL, trigliseritler ve daha düşük insülin ve HDL konsantrasyonuna sahip oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Vitamin C uygulaması kanda glukoz, kolesterol, LDL ve trigliserit düzeylerini düşürdüğü HDL konsantrasyonunu ise arttırdığı saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak diyabetik farelerde vitamin C’nin antioksidan özelliği, kurşun asetatın toksik seviyelerinde oksidatif stres komplikasyonlarını azaltmasına neden olmuştur.

Keywords

Antioksidan, diyabet, kurşun, toksisite, vitamin C, Wistar sıçanlar

References

• Adeniyi, T.T., Ajayi, G.O., Akinloye, O.A., 2008. Effect of ascorbic acid and allium sativum on tissue lead level in female Rattus navigicus. Nigerian Journal of Health and Biomedical Sciences 7, 38-41.
• Ahmed, N., 2005. Advanced glycation end products-role in pathology of diabetic complications. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 67, 3-21.
• Aikinson, M.A., Maclaren, N.K., 1994. The pathogenesis of insulin dependent diabetes. New England Journal of Medicine 331, 1428-1436.
• Bechara, E.J.H., Medeiros, M.H.G., Monteiro, H.P., Hermes- Lima, M., Pereira, B., Demasi, M., 1993. A free radical hypothesis of lead poisoning and inborn porphyri asassociated with 5-aminolevulinic acid overload. Quimica Nova 16, 385-392.
• Beckman, J.A., Goldfine, A.B., Gordon, M.B., Creager, M.A., 2001. Ascorbate restores endothelium-dependent vasodilation impaired by acute hyperglycemia in humans. Circulation 103, 1618-1623.
• Chan, J.M., Rimm, E.B., Colditz, G.A., Stampfer, M.J., Willett, W.C., 1994. Obesity, fat distribution, and weight gain as risk factors for clinical diabetes in men. Diabetes Care 17, 961-969.
• Choi, S.W., Benzie, I.F., Lam, C.S., Chat, S.W., Lam, J., Yiu, C. H., Kwan, J.J., 2005. Inter-relationships between DNA damage, ascorbic acid and glycaemic control in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetic Medicine 22, 1347-1353.
• De Fronzo, R.A., Bonadonna, R.C., Ferrannini, E., 1997. Pathogenesis of NIDDM, International Text book of Diabetes mellitus, 2nd ed. Chichester, John Wiley, England, pp. 635-712.
• Dierckx, N., Horvath, G., van Gils, C., Vertommen, J., van de Vliet, J., De Leeuw, I., Manuel-y-Keenoy, B., 2003. Oxidative stress status in patients with diabetes mellitus: relationship to diet. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 57, 999-1008.
• Dorman, H.J.D., Bachmayer, O., Kosar, M., Hiltunen, R., 2004. Antioxidant properties of aqueous extracts from selected Lamiaceae species grown in Turkey. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 52, 762- 770.
• Gamal, B., Samir, B., Hossam, E., Mohamed, M., 2012. Douaa S. polyfunctional T cells in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. European Journal of Nutrition 51, 623- 633. reconstitutes
• Gaur, G.,S, Dixit, A.K., 2012. Comparative study of vitamin C on serum lipid profile in healthy male and female human subjects. Journal of Scientific Research 4, 775- 781.
• Goldenberg, H., 2003. Vitamin C: from popular food supplement to specific drug. Forum of Nutrition 56, 42-45.
• Goyer, R.A., 1996. Results of lead research: prenatal exposure and neurological consequences. Environmental Health Perspectives 104, 1050-1054.
• Hakim, Z.S., Patel, B.K., Goyal, R.K., 1997. Effects of chronic ramipril treatment in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 41, 353-360
• Hearse, D.J., 1979. Cellular damage during myocardial ischaemia: Metabolic changes leading to enzyme leakage. In: Hearse DS, Leiris J, Loisance D (eds). Enzymes in Cardiology. John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, pp. 1-21.
• Hilderbrand, D.C., Raymond, D., Griffin, W.T., Fahim, M.S., 1973. Effect of lead acetate on reproduction. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 115, 1058-65.
• Hussein, H. K., Elnaggar, M. H., Al-Dailamy, J. M., 2012. Protective role of Vitamin C against hepatorenal toxicity of fenvalerate in male rats. Global Advanced Research Journal of Environmental Science and Toxicology 1, 060-065.
• Kumar, B.A.A., Reddy, A.G.G., Kumar, P.R.R., Reddy, Y.R.R., Rao, T.M.M., Haritha, C., 2013. Protective role of N- Acetyl L-Cysteine against reproductive toxicity due to interaction of lead and cadmium in male wistar rats. Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine 4, 414–419.
• Maha, B., Fiona, M., Nessar, A., 2012. Effect of a high monounsaturated fatty acid diet alone or with combined vitamin E and C, or lycopene intake on oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease 12, 81-86.
• Mahboob, M., Rahman, M.F., Grover, P., 2005. Serum lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme levels in male and female diabetic patients. Singapore Medical Journal 46, 322-324.
• Masuda, T., Toi, Y., Bando, H., Maekawa, T., Takeda, Y., Yamaguchi, H., 2002. Structural identification of new curcumin dimers and their contribution to the antioxidant mechanism of curcumin. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 50, 2524-25.
• Owu, D.U., Antai, A.B., Udofia, K.H., Obembe, A.O., Obasi, K.O., Eteng, M.U., 2006. Vitamin C improves basal metabolic rate and lipid profile in alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus in rats. Journal of Biosciences 31, 575-579.
• Ping-Chi, H., Yueliang, L.G., 2002. Antioxidant nutrients and lead toxicity. Toxicology 180, 33-44.
• Rekka, E., Kourounakas, P., Shahidi, F., Janitha, P.K., Anasundara, P.D., 1992. Phenolic antioxidants. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 32, 67- 103.
• Ruff, H. A., Markowitz, M. E., Bijur, P. E., Rosen, J. F., 1996. Relationships among blood lead levels, iron deficiency, and cognitive development in 2-year-old children. Environmental Health Perspectives 104, 180-185.
• Rytter, E., Vessby, B., Asgard, R., Johansson, C., Sjodin, A., Abramsson-Zetterberg, L., Moller, L., Basu, S., 2009. Glycaemic status in relation to oxidative stress and inflammation in well-controlled type 2 diabetes sub- jects. British Journal of Nutrition 101, 1423-1426.
• Shargorodsky, M., Debby, O., Matas, Z., Zimlichman, R., 2010. Effect of long-term treatment with antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin E, coenzyme Q10 and selenium) on arterial compliance, humoral factors and inflammatory markers in patients with multiple cardiovascular risk factors. Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 7, 55.
• Sekar, N., William, S., Balasubramaniyam, N., Kamarajan, P., Govindasamy, S., 1990. Optimization of sodium orthovanadate diabetic rats. Journal of Biosciences 15, 67-75.
• Srinivasan, M., 1972. Effect of curcumin on blood sugar as seen in a diabetic subject. Indian Journal of Medical Sciences 26, 269-270.
• Subbiah, R., Kasiappan, R., Karuran, S., Sorimuthu, S., 2006. Beneficial effects of Aloe vera leaf gel extract on lipid profile status in rats with streptozotocin diabetes. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology 33, 232–237.
• Takeshi, K., Shoichi, N., Yasunori, K., Yasuhiko, I., 2002. Report of the committee on the classification and diagnostic criteria of diabetes mellitus, (The Committee of the Japan Diabetes Society on the diagnostic criteria of diabetes mellitus). Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 55, 65-85.
• Ting, H.H., Timimi, F.K., Boles, K.S., Craeger, S.J., Ganz, P., 1996. Craeger, endothelium-dependent vasodilation in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Journal of Clinical Investion 97, 22-28 Vitamin C improves
• Upasani, C.D., Khera, A., Balaraman, R., 2001. Effect of lead with Vitamins E, C, or Spirulina on malondialdehyde: conjugated dienes and hydroperoxides in rats. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 39, 70-74.
• Urakawa, H., Katsuki, A., Sumida, Y., Gabazza, E.C., Murashima, S., Morioka, K., Maruyama, N., 2003. Oxidative stress is associated with adiposity and insulin resistance in men. Journal of Clinical Endocrinologyand Metabolism 88, 4673-4676.
• Will, J.C., Byers, T., 1996. Does diabetes mellitus increase the requirement for vitamin C? Nutrition Research Reviews 54, 193-202.
• Yokoyama, T., Date, C., Kokubo, Y., Yoshiike, N., Matsumura, Y., Tanaka, H., 2000. Serum vitamin C concentration was inversely associated with subsequent 20-year incidence of stroke in a Japanese rural community. The Shibata study. Stroke 31, 2287-2294.