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Etiologic Evaluation of Late Term Abortions or Stillbirths in Some Small Ruminant Flocks of South Khorasan Province, Iran

Year 2015, Volume: 41 Issue: 2, 199 - 204, 01.07.2015

Abstract

In the present study, late term abortions in 477 (17.9%) of 2651 pregnant ewes and 129 of 680 pregnant goats (18.9%) from 17 small ruminant flocks of the South Khorasan province, east of Iran were investigated. Multistage cluster sampling technique was used to select the flocks and aborted animals. From which, 25 appropriate fetuses were chosen for bacterial and fungal contaminations. Blood samples were also taken from forty aborted and forty healthy age matched sheep. No microbial or fungal agents were detected in 45.4 % and 42.8% of sheep and goat,s fetuses respectively. The bacteria isolated from aborted fetuses of sheep and goat´s were as follows: Escherichia coli 27.2% and 7.1%, Staphylococcus spp. 9.0% and 7.1%, Campylobacter fetus 9.0% and 14.2%, Staphylococcus spp. and Campylobacter fetus together 9.0% and 0.0 %, Klebsiellas 0.0 % and 21.4%, Aspergillus fumigatus 0.0 % and 7.1%, respectively. The concentrations of total tri-iodothyronine (tT3), total thyroxin (tT4), copper, phosphorus and magnesium were significantly lower, but thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) was higher in the aborted ewes compared to the healthy controls. The serum levels of calcium, zinc and vitamin E were not significantly different between the two groups. In conclusion, deficiencies of tT3, tT4, copper, phosphorus and magnesium, and increase in the TSH concentration could have taken part in the etiology of abortion in ewes.  The most important cause of late term abortions was probably due to the maternal deficiencies (for example, iodine) in the concurrent drought in the province.

References

  • Abarghani, A., Mostafaei, M., Alamisaeid, K., Ghanbari, A., Sahraee, M., Ebrahimi, R., 2012. Investigation of Calcium, Phosphorous and Magnesium Status of Grazing Sheep in Sabalan Region, Iran. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 15, 65-76.
  • Abdollahi, E., Kohram, H., Shahir, M.H., 2013. Plasma concentrations of essential trace microminerals and thyroid hormones during single or twin pregnancies in fat-tailed ewes. Small Ruminant Research 113, 360- 364.
  • Aytekin, I., Aypak, S.U.U., 2011. Levels of selected minerals, nitric oxide, and vitamins in aborted sakis sheep raised under semitropical conditions. Tropical Animal Health and Production 43, 511–514.
  • Baylis, C.L., MacPhee, S., Martin, K.W., Humphrey, T.J., Betts, R.P., 2000. Comparison of three enrichment media for the isolation of Campylobacter spp. from foods. Journal of Applied Microbiology 89, 884-891.
  • Borel, N., Frey, C.F., Gottstein, B., Hilbe, M., Pospischil, A., Franzoso, F.D., Waldvogel, A., 2014. Laboratory diagnosis of ruminant abortion in Europe. The Veterinary Journal 200, 218-229.
  • Corry, J.E., Curtis, G.D., Baird, R.M., 2012. Handbook of Culture Media for Food and Water Microbiology. 3th ed. Royal Society of Chemistry, pp. 1006.
  • Feng, P., Weagant, S.D., Grant, M.A., Burkhardt, W., Shellfish, M., Water, B., 2002. BAM: Enumeration of Escherichia coli and the Coliform Bacteria. In Bacteriological Analytical Manual. Chapter 4. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, pp. 13.
  • Fthenakis, G.C., Arsenos, G., Brozos, C., Fragkou, I.A., Giadinis, N.D., Giannenas, I., Mavrogianni, V.S., Papadopoulos, E., Valasi, I., 2012. Health management of ewes during pregnancy. Animal Reproduction Science 130, 198-212.
  • Grewal, R.S., Singh, A.K., Kaur, J., 2011. Role of micronutrients in reproduction: an overview. Veterinary Practitioner 12 (1), 113-117.
  • Herdt, T.H., Hoff, B., 2011. The use of blood analysis to evaluate trace mineral status in ruminant livestock. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 27, 255-283.
  • Hidiroglou, M., 1979. Trace element deficiencies and fertility in ruminants: a review. Journal of Dairy Science 62, 1195- 1206.
  • Holler, L.D., 2012. Ruminant abortion diagnostics. Veterinary Clinics of North America. Food Animal Practice 28, 407- 418.
  • Kumar, S., Pandey, A.K., Razzaque, W.A.A., Dwivedi, D.K., 2011. Importance of micro minerals in reproductive performance of livestock. Veterinary World 4, 230-233.
  • LaBombardi, V.J., Wang, W., 2013. Molecular parasitology and mycology. Molecular Genetic Pathology 27, 781-793.
  • Lloyd, J.W., Rook, J.S., Braselton, W.E., Shea, M.E., 1993. Relationships between liver element concentrations and age in perinatal lambs dying of natural causes in Michigan, USA. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 17, 175-181.
  • Mansourian, A.R., 2011. Thyroid Gland: A Review of Articles. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 14, 1- 12.
  • Matope, G., Bhebhe, E., Bwalya, J., Oloya, J., Madekurozwa, R.L., Lund, A., Skjerve, E., 2011. Seroprevalence of brucellosis and its associated risk factors in cattle from smallholder dairy farms in zimbabwe. Tropical Animal Health and Production 43, 975-982.
  • Menzies P.I., 2011. Control of important causes of infectious abortion in sheep and goats. Veterinary Clinics of North American Food Animal Practice 27, 81-93.
  • Mohebbi-Fani, M., Mirzaei, A., Nazifi, S., Shabbooie, Z., 2012. Changes of vitamins A, E, and C and lipid peroxidation status of breeding and pregnant sheep during dry seasons on medium-to-low quality forages. Tropical Animal Health and Production 44, 259-265.
  • Nasehi, M.M., Zakizadeh, R., Mirzajani, M., 2012. The prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism in north of Iran: First report of screening program. Health Medical 6, 1160-1163.
  • Ozmen, O., Sahinduran, S., Sezer, K., 2005. Clinical and pathological observations and treatment of congenital goitre in kids. Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy 49, 237-241.
  • Pond, W.G., Wallace, M.H., 1986. Effect of gestation-lactation diet calcium and zinc levels and of parenteral vitamins A, D and E during gestation on ewe body weight and on lamb weight and survival. Journal of Animal Science 63, 1019-1025.
  • Radostits, O.M., Gay, C.C., Hinchcliff, K.W., Constable, P.D., 2007. Veterinary Medicine., A textbook of the diseases of cattle, horses, sheep, pigs, and goats, 10th ed. Saunders Elsevier, St. Louis, Missouri, pp. 2160
  • Sakhaee, E., Kazeminia, S., 2011. Relationship between liver and blood plasma copper level and abortion in cattle. Comparative Clinical Pathology 20, 467-469.
  • Sato, K., Bartlett, P.C., Kaneene, J.B., Downes, F.P., 2004. Comparison of susceptibilities of Campylobacter spp. isolates from organic and conventional dairy herds in Wisconsin. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, 1442- 1447. and antimicrobial
  • Soetan, K.O., Olaiya, C.O., Oyewole, O.E., 2010. The importance of mineral elements for humans, domestic animals and plants: A review. African Journal of Food Science 4, 200-222.
  • Thienpont, L.M., Van Uytfanghe, K., Poppe, K., Velkeniers, B., 2013. Determination of free thyroid hormones. Best Practice and Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 27, 689-700.
  • Unanian, M.D.S., Feliciano-Silva, A.E.D., 1984. Trace elements deficiency: association with early abortion in goats. International Goat and Sheep Research 2, 129- 134.
  • Van den Brom, R., Lievaart-Peterson, K., Luttikholt, S., Peperkamp, K., Wouda, W., Vellema, P., 2012. Abortion in small ruminants in the netherlands between Diergeneeskunde 137, 450-457. 2011. Tijdschrift Voor

İran Güney Horasan Bölgesi’ndeki Küçük Ruminant Sürülerinde Geç Dönem Abortların veya Ölü Doğumların Etyolojik Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2015, Volume: 41 Issue: 2, 199 - 204, 01.07.2015

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, doğu İran’da Güney Horasan bölgesinde 17 küçük ruminant sürüsündeki 2651 gebe koyundan geç dönem abort yapan 477’si (%17,9) ve 680 gebe keçiden 17’si incelenmiştir. Sürülerin ve abort yapan hayvanların seçiminde çok aşamalı küme örnekleme tekniği kullanılmıştır. İçlerinden bakteriyel ve fungal kontaminasyona uygun 25 fötus seçilmiştir. Yaşları birbiriyle eş olan kırk adet abort yapmış ve kırk adet de sağlıklı koyundan kan örnekleri alınmıştır. %45,4 koyun ve %42,8 keçi fötusunda ne mikrobiyel ne de fungal bir ajan saptanamamıştır. Abort olan koyun ve keçi fötüslarından izole edilen bakteriler sırasıyla: Escherichia  coli %27,2 ve %7,1, Staphylococcus spp. %9,0 ve %7,1, Campylobacter fetus %9,0 ve %14,2, Staphylococcus spp. ile Campylobacter fetus birlikte %9,0 ve %0,0, Klebsiellas %0,0 ve %21,4, Aspergillus fumigates %0,0 ve%7,1 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Abort yapan dişiler kontrol amaçlı sağlıklı dişiler ile karşılaştırıldığında total tri-iodotironin (tT3), total tiroksin (tT4), bakır, fosfor ve magnezyum konsantrasyonları önemli düzeyde düşük iken tiroid stimule edici hormon (TSH) daha yüksek bulunmuştur. İki grup arasındaki serum kalsiyum, çinko ve Vitamin E değerlerinin birbirinden farkı önemli düzeyde değildi. Sonuç olarak, tT3, tT4, bakır, fosfor ve magnezyum, ve TSH konsantrasyonundaki artış dişi koyun ve keçilerdeki abortun etyolojisinde yer alabilir. Geç dönem abortlarının en önemli sebebi bölgedeki eşzamanlı kuraklık nedeniyle annede meydana gelen eksikliklerdir (örneğin iyot).

References

  • Abarghani, A., Mostafaei, M., Alamisaeid, K., Ghanbari, A., Sahraee, M., Ebrahimi, R., 2012. Investigation of Calcium, Phosphorous and Magnesium Status of Grazing Sheep in Sabalan Region, Iran. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 15, 65-76.
  • Abdollahi, E., Kohram, H., Shahir, M.H., 2013. Plasma concentrations of essential trace microminerals and thyroid hormones during single or twin pregnancies in fat-tailed ewes. Small Ruminant Research 113, 360- 364.
  • Aytekin, I., Aypak, S.U.U., 2011. Levels of selected minerals, nitric oxide, and vitamins in aborted sakis sheep raised under semitropical conditions. Tropical Animal Health and Production 43, 511–514.
  • Baylis, C.L., MacPhee, S., Martin, K.W., Humphrey, T.J., Betts, R.P., 2000. Comparison of three enrichment media for the isolation of Campylobacter spp. from foods. Journal of Applied Microbiology 89, 884-891.
  • Borel, N., Frey, C.F., Gottstein, B., Hilbe, M., Pospischil, A., Franzoso, F.D., Waldvogel, A., 2014. Laboratory diagnosis of ruminant abortion in Europe. The Veterinary Journal 200, 218-229.
  • Corry, J.E., Curtis, G.D., Baird, R.M., 2012. Handbook of Culture Media for Food and Water Microbiology. 3th ed. Royal Society of Chemistry, pp. 1006.
  • Feng, P., Weagant, S.D., Grant, M.A., Burkhardt, W., Shellfish, M., Water, B., 2002. BAM: Enumeration of Escherichia coli and the Coliform Bacteria. In Bacteriological Analytical Manual. Chapter 4. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, pp. 13.
  • Fthenakis, G.C., Arsenos, G., Brozos, C., Fragkou, I.A., Giadinis, N.D., Giannenas, I., Mavrogianni, V.S., Papadopoulos, E., Valasi, I., 2012. Health management of ewes during pregnancy. Animal Reproduction Science 130, 198-212.
  • Grewal, R.S., Singh, A.K., Kaur, J., 2011. Role of micronutrients in reproduction: an overview. Veterinary Practitioner 12 (1), 113-117.
  • Herdt, T.H., Hoff, B., 2011. The use of blood analysis to evaluate trace mineral status in ruminant livestock. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 27, 255-283.
  • Hidiroglou, M., 1979. Trace element deficiencies and fertility in ruminants: a review. Journal of Dairy Science 62, 1195- 1206.
  • Holler, L.D., 2012. Ruminant abortion diagnostics. Veterinary Clinics of North America. Food Animal Practice 28, 407- 418.
  • Kumar, S., Pandey, A.K., Razzaque, W.A.A., Dwivedi, D.K., 2011. Importance of micro minerals in reproductive performance of livestock. Veterinary World 4, 230-233.
  • LaBombardi, V.J., Wang, W., 2013. Molecular parasitology and mycology. Molecular Genetic Pathology 27, 781-793.
  • Lloyd, J.W., Rook, J.S., Braselton, W.E., Shea, M.E., 1993. Relationships between liver element concentrations and age in perinatal lambs dying of natural causes in Michigan, USA. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 17, 175-181.
  • Mansourian, A.R., 2011. Thyroid Gland: A Review of Articles. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 14, 1- 12.
  • Matope, G., Bhebhe, E., Bwalya, J., Oloya, J., Madekurozwa, R.L., Lund, A., Skjerve, E., 2011. Seroprevalence of brucellosis and its associated risk factors in cattle from smallholder dairy farms in zimbabwe. Tropical Animal Health and Production 43, 975-982.
  • Menzies P.I., 2011. Control of important causes of infectious abortion in sheep and goats. Veterinary Clinics of North American Food Animal Practice 27, 81-93.
  • Mohebbi-Fani, M., Mirzaei, A., Nazifi, S., Shabbooie, Z., 2012. Changes of vitamins A, E, and C and lipid peroxidation status of breeding and pregnant sheep during dry seasons on medium-to-low quality forages. Tropical Animal Health and Production 44, 259-265.
  • Nasehi, M.M., Zakizadeh, R., Mirzajani, M., 2012. The prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism in north of Iran: First report of screening program. Health Medical 6, 1160-1163.
  • Ozmen, O., Sahinduran, S., Sezer, K., 2005. Clinical and pathological observations and treatment of congenital goitre in kids. Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy 49, 237-241.
  • Pond, W.G., Wallace, M.H., 1986. Effect of gestation-lactation diet calcium and zinc levels and of parenteral vitamins A, D and E during gestation on ewe body weight and on lamb weight and survival. Journal of Animal Science 63, 1019-1025.
  • Radostits, O.M., Gay, C.C., Hinchcliff, K.W., Constable, P.D., 2007. Veterinary Medicine., A textbook of the diseases of cattle, horses, sheep, pigs, and goats, 10th ed. Saunders Elsevier, St. Louis, Missouri, pp. 2160
  • Sakhaee, E., Kazeminia, S., 2011. Relationship between liver and blood plasma copper level and abortion in cattle. Comparative Clinical Pathology 20, 467-469.
  • Sato, K., Bartlett, P.C., Kaneene, J.B., Downes, F.P., 2004. Comparison of susceptibilities of Campylobacter spp. isolates from organic and conventional dairy herds in Wisconsin. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, 1442- 1447. and antimicrobial
  • Soetan, K.O., Olaiya, C.O., Oyewole, O.E., 2010. The importance of mineral elements for humans, domestic animals and plants: A review. African Journal of Food Science 4, 200-222.
  • Thienpont, L.M., Van Uytfanghe, K., Poppe, K., Velkeniers, B., 2013. Determination of free thyroid hormones. Best Practice and Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 27, 689-700.
  • Unanian, M.D.S., Feliciano-Silva, A.E.D., 1984. Trace elements deficiency: association with early abortion in goats. International Goat and Sheep Research 2, 129- 134.
  • Van den Brom, R., Lievaart-Peterson, K., Luttikholt, S., Peperkamp, K., Wouda, W., Vellema, P., 2012. Abortion in small ruminants in the netherlands between Diergeneeskunde 137, 450-457. 2011. Tijdschrift Voor
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Arash Omıdı This is me

Publication Date July 1, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2015 Volume: 41 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Omıdı, A. (2015). Etiologic Evaluation of Late Term Abortions or Stillbirths in Some Small Ruminant Flocks of South Khorasan Province, Iran. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 41(2), 199-204. https://doi.org/10.16988/iuvfd.2015.57738
AMA Omıdı A. Etiologic Evaluation of Late Term Abortions or Stillbirths in Some Small Ruminant Flocks of South Khorasan Province, Iran. iuvfd. August 2015;41(2):199-204. doi:10.16988/iuvfd.2015.57738
Chicago Omıdı, Arash. “Etiologic Evaluation of Late Term Abortions or Stillbirths in Some Small Ruminant Flocks of South Khorasan Province, Iran”. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 41, no. 2 (August 2015): 199-204. https://doi.org/10.16988/iuvfd.2015.57738.
EndNote Omıdı A (August 1, 2015) Etiologic Evaluation of Late Term Abortions or Stillbirths in Some Small Ruminant Flocks of South Khorasan Province, Iran. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 41 2 199–204.
IEEE A. Omıdı, “Etiologic Evaluation of Late Term Abortions or Stillbirths in Some Small Ruminant Flocks of South Khorasan Province, Iran”, iuvfd, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 199–204, 2015, doi: 10.16988/iuvfd.2015.57738.
ISNAD Omıdı, Arash. “Etiologic Evaluation of Late Term Abortions or Stillbirths in Some Small Ruminant Flocks of South Khorasan Province, Iran”. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 41/2 (August 2015), 199-204. https://doi.org/10.16988/iuvfd.2015.57738.
JAMA Omıdı A. Etiologic Evaluation of Late Term Abortions or Stillbirths in Some Small Ruminant Flocks of South Khorasan Province, Iran. iuvfd. 2015;41:199–204.
MLA Omıdı, Arash. “Etiologic Evaluation of Late Term Abortions or Stillbirths in Some Small Ruminant Flocks of South Khorasan Province, Iran”. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 41, no. 2, 2015, pp. 199-04, doi:10.16988/iuvfd.2015.57738.
Vancouver Omıdı A. Etiologic Evaluation of Late Term Abortions or Stillbirths in Some Small Ruminant Flocks of South Khorasan Province, Iran. iuvfd. 2015;41(2):199-204.