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Electrocardiographic Analysis of ST-Segment Duration and Morphology in Sheep and Goats: Effect of Species, Breed, Age and Sex

Year 2017, Volume: 43 Issue: 1, 39 - 43, 01.01.2017
https://doi.org/10.16988/iuvfd.268525

Abstract

    The importance of obtaining normal values of ST-segment for specific breeds of animals besides the high variability of indices in small ruminant has been emphasized. The animals were assigned into 4 groups (G1-4), according to their age: G1<3 months, 3 months ≤G2< 1 year, 1 year≤G3<3 years, and G4 ≥ 3 years old. There were 34 animals in each study group. The animals were assigned to two comprising groups: sheep, goat, male and female. Also, the animals were divided into three groups according to their breed, including: Kermani sheep, Saanen and Cashmere (Raini) goats. The present study showed that sex, age and breed had no effect on ST-segment in sheep and goats and the obtained data can provide a good basis for judging the ST-segment length and morphology in difference sexes, breeds and age groups of sheep and goats.

References

  • Ahmed, J.A., Sanyal, S., 2008. Electrocardiographic studies in Garol sheep and black Bengal goats. Research Journal of Cardiology 1, 1-8.
  • Andreoli, T.E., Benjamin, I.J., Griggs, R.C., Wing, E.J., 2010. Diagnostic tests and procedures in the patient with cardiovascular disease, in: Andreoli and Carpenter’s: Cecil essentials of medicine. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp. 46-47.
  • Balikci, E., Yildi, A., 2006. Electrocardiographic parameters in single and twin pregnant and non-pregnant sheep. The Indian Veterinary Journal 83, 1076-1078.
  • Chalmeh, A., Pourjafar, M., Naghib, M., 2014. Comparison of ST-segment duration and morphology between clinically healthy and diarrheic Holstein dairy calves. Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Istanbul University 40, 162-167.
  • Escudero, A., González, J.R., Benedito, J.L., Prieto, F.R., Ayala, I., 2009. Electrocardiographic parameters in the clinically healthy Zamorano-leones donkey. Research in Veterinary Science 87, 458-461.
  • Fakour, S., Mokhber Dezfuli, M., Nadalian, M., Rezakhani, A., Lotfollah Zadeh, S., 2013. Electrocardiographic parameters of Markhoz goat using base apex lead and six standard limb leads. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research 14, 241-244.
  • Gertsch, M. 2009. Electrolyte imbalance and disturbances, In: The ECG manual: An evidence-based approach, Springer Verlag, London, pp. 177-190.
  • Grant, A.O., 2001. Molecular biology of sodium channels and their role in cardiac arrhythmias. The American Journal of Medicine 110, 296-305.
  • Häggmark, S., Haney, M.F., Jensen, S.M., Johansson, G., Näslund, U., 2005. ST‐segment deviations during pacing‐induced increased heart rate in patients without coronary artery disease. Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging 25, 246-252.
  • Jafari-Dehkordi, A., Haji-Hajikolaei, M.R., Karimi-Dehkordi, Z., 2012. ECG changes in acute experimental ruminal lactic acidosis in sheep. Veterinary Research Forum 2, 203-208.
  • Li, D., Li, C.Y., Yong, A.C., Kilpatrick, D., 1998. Source of electrocardiographic ST changes in subendocardial ischemia. Circulation Research 82, 957-970.
  • Machler, H.E., Lueger, A., Rehak, P., Berger, J., Veith, W., Kuhbacher, C., Koidl, C., Stark, G., Metzler, H., 1998. A new high-resolution esophageal electrocardiography recording technique: an experimental approach for the detection of myocardial ischemia. Anesthesia and Analgesia 86, 34-39.
  • Milhorn, H.T., 2005. The electrocardiogram, In: Electrocardio-graphy for the family physician, the essentials. Brown Walker Press 11. pp. 1-52.
  • Mohan, N., Niyogi, D., Singh, H., 2005. Analysis of normal electrocardiograms of Jamunapari goats. Journal of Veterinary Science 6, 295-298.
  • Nagy, D.W., 2009. Resuscitation and critical care of neonatal calves. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 25, 1-11.
  • Nishi, S.P., Barbagelata, N.A., Atar, S., Birnbaum, Y., Tuero, E., 2006. Hypercalcemia-induced ST-segment elevation mimicking acute myocardial infarction. Journal of Electrocardiology 39, 298-300.
  • Pogliani, F.C., Birgel Junior, E.H., Monteiro, B.M., Grisi Filho, J.H., Raimondo, R.F., 2013. The normal electro-cardiogram in the clinically healthy Saanen goats. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 33, 1478-1482.
  • Pourjafar, M., Badie, K., Chalmeh, A., 2012. Evaluation of ST-segment duration and morphology of standard base apex lead electrocardiograms in different age groups of apparently healthy Holstein cattle. Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Istanbul University 38, 51-58.
  • Radostits, O.M., Gay, C., Hinchcliff, K.W., Constable, P.D., 2007. Diseases of the cardiovascular system, In: Veterinary Medicine: A textbook of the diseases of cattle, horses, sheep, pigs and goats. Saunders, London, pp. 14-438.
  • Rezakhani, A., Paphan, A.A., Shekarfroush, S., 2004. Analysis of base apex lead electrocardiograms of normal dairy cows. Veterinarski Arhiv 74, 351-358.
  • Samimi, A., Aghamiri, S., Tajik, J., Taheri, T., Eshteraki, R., 2015. Analysis of cardiac arrhythmias and electrocardiographic indices of clinically healthy Saanen goats in different sexes and age groups. Euroasian Veterinary Journal 31, 192-196.
  • Samimi, A.S., Tajik, J., Bakhshaei, S., Mirjordavi, A., 2015. The effect of short term rest after handling stress on electrocardiogram indices in goat. Veterinary Science Development 5 (4), 127-129.
  • Santamarina, G., Espino, L., Suarez, M.L., 2001. Electrocardio-graphic parameters of free-ranging roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 32, 441-446.
  • Tajik, J., Samimi, A., Tajik, T., Bakhshaei, S., Mirjordavi, A., 2013. Electrocardiographic parameters in clinically healthy Cashmere goats. Online Journal of Veterinary Research 17, 528-534.
  • Wang, K., Asinger, R.W., Marriott, H.J., 2003. ST-segment elevation in conditions other than acute myocardial infarction. New England Journal of Medicine 349, 2128-2135.

Electrocardiographic Analysis of ST-Segment Duration and Morphology in Sheep and Goats: Effect of Species, Breed, Age and Sex

Year 2017, Volume: 43 Issue: 1, 39 - 43, 01.01.2017
https://doi.org/10.16988/iuvfd.268525

Abstract

    The importance of obtaining normal values of ST-segment for specific breeds of animals besides the high variability of indices in small ruminant has been emphasized. The animals were assigned into 4 groups (G1-4), according to their age: G1<3 months, 3 months ≤G2< 1 year, 1 year≤G3<3 years, and G4 ≥ 3 years old. There were 34 animals in each study group. The animals were assigned to two comprising groups: sheep, goat, male and female. Also, the animals were divided into three groups according to their breed, including: Kermani sheep, Saanen and Cashmere (Raini) goats. The present study showed that sex, age and breed had no effect on ST-segment in sheep and goats and the obtained data can provide a good basis for judging the ST-segment length and morphology in difference sexes, breeds and age groups of sheep and goats.

References

  • Ahmed, J.A., Sanyal, S., 2008. Electrocardiographic studies in Garol sheep and black Bengal goats. Research Journal of Cardiology 1, 1-8.
  • Andreoli, T.E., Benjamin, I.J., Griggs, R.C., Wing, E.J., 2010. Diagnostic tests and procedures in the patient with cardiovascular disease, in: Andreoli and Carpenter’s: Cecil essentials of medicine. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp. 46-47.
  • Balikci, E., Yildi, A., 2006. Electrocardiographic parameters in single and twin pregnant and non-pregnant sheep. The Indian Veterinary Journal 83, 1076-1078.
  • Chalmeh, A., Pourjafar, M., Naghib, M., 2014. Comparison of ST-segment duration and morphology between clinically healthy and diarrheic Holstein dairy calves. Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Istanbul University 40, 162-167.
  • Escudero, A., González, J.R., Benedito, J.L., Prieto, F.R., Ayala, I., 2009. Electrocardiographic parameters in the clinically healthy Zamorano-leones donkey. Research in Veterinary Science 87, 458-461.
  • Fakour, S., Mokhber Dezfuli, M., Nadalian, M., Rezakhani, A., Lotfollah Zadeh, S., 2013. Electrocardiographic parameters of Markhoz goat using base apex lead and six standard limb leads. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research 14, 241-244.
  • Gertsch, M. 2009. Electrolyte imbalance and disturbances, In: The ECG manual: An evidence-based approach, Springer Verlag, London, pp. 177-190.
  • Grant, A.O., 2001. Molecular biology of sodium channels and their role in cardiac arrhythmias. The American Journal of Medicine 110, 296-305.
  • Häggmark, S., Haney, M.F., Jensen, S.M., Johansson, G., Näslund, U., 2005. ST‐segment deviations during pacing‐induced increased heart rate in patients without coronary artery disease. Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging 25, 246-252.
  • Jafari-Dehkordi, A., Haji-Hajikolaei, M.R., Karimi-Dehkordi, Z., 2012. ECG changes in acute experimental ruminal lactic acidosis in sheep. Veterinary Research Forum 2, 203-208.
  • Li, D., Li, C.Y., Yong, A.C., Kilpatrick, D., 1998. Source of electrocardiographic ST changes in subendocardial ischemia. Circulation Research 82, 957-970.
  • Machler, H.E., Lueger, A., Rehak, P., Berger, J., Veith, W., Kuhbacher, C., Koidl, C., Stark, G., Metzler, H., 1998. A new high-resolution esophageal electrocardiography recording technique: an experimental approach for the detection of myocardial ischemia. Anesthesia and Analgesia 86, 34-39.
  • Milhorn, H.T., 2005. The electrocardiogram, In: Electrocardio-graphy for the family physician, the essentials. Brown Walker Press 11. pp. 1-52.
  • Mohan, N., Niyogi, D., Singh, H., 2005. Analysis of normal electrocardiograms of Jamunapari goats. Journal of Veterinary Science 6, 295-298.
  • Nagy, D.W., 2009. Resuscitation and critical care of neonatal calves. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 25, 1-11.
  • Nishi, S.P., Barbagelata, N.A., Atar, S., Birnbaum, Y., Tuero, E., 2006. Hypercalcemia-induced ST-segment elevation mimicking acute myocardial infarction. Journal of Electrocardiology 39, 298-300.
  • Pogliani, F.C., Birgel Junior, E.H., Monteiro, B.M., Grisi Filho, J.H., Raimondo, R.F., 2013. The normal electro-cardiogram in the clinically healthy Saanen goats. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 33, 1478-1482.
  • Pourjafar, M., Badie, K., Chalmeh, A., 2012. Evaluation of ST-segment duration and morphology of standard base apex lead electrocardiograms in different age groups of apparently healthy Holstein cattle. Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Istanbul University 38, 51-58.
  • Radostits, O.M., Gay, C., Hinchcliff, K.W., Constable, P.D., 2007. Diseases of the cardiovascular system, In: Veterinary Medicine: A textbook of the diseases of cattle, horses, sheep, pigs and goats. Saunders, London, pp. 14-438.
  • Rezakhani, A., Paphan, A.A., Shekarfroush, S., 2004. Analysis of base apex lead electrocardiograms of normal dairy cows. Veterinarski Arhiv 74, 351-358.
  • Samimi, A., Aghamiri, S., Tajik, J., Taheri, T., Eshteraki, R., 2015. Analysis of cardiac arrhythmias and electrocardiographic indices of clinically healthy Saanen goats in different sexes and age groups. Euroasian Veterinary Journal 31, 192-196.
  • Samimi, A.S., Tajik, J., Bakhshaei, S., Mirjordavi, A., 2015. The effect of short term rest after handling stress on electrocardiogram indices in goat. Veterinary Science Development 5 (4), 127-129.
  • Santamarina, G., Espino, L., Suarez, M.L., 2001. Electrocardio-graphic parameters of free-ranging roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 32, 441-446.
  • Tajik, J., Samimi, A., Tajik, T., Bakhshaei, S., Mirjordavi, A., 2013. Electrocardiographic parameters in clinically healthy Cashmere goats. Online Journal of Veterinary Research 17, 528-534.
  • Wang, K., Asinger, R.W., Marriott, H.J., 2003. ST-segment elevation in conditions other than acute myocardial infarction. New England Journal of Medicine 349, 2128-2135.
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Amir Saeed Samımı This is me

Javad Tajık This is me

Seyyed Morteza Aghamırı This is me

Talieh Taherı This is me

Publication Date January 1, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 43 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Samımı, A. S., Tajık, J., Aghamırı, S. M., Taherı, T. (2017). Electrocardiographic Analysis of ST-Segment Duration and Morphology in Sheep and Goats: Effect of Species, Breed, Age and Sex. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 43(1), 39-43. https://doi.org/10.16988/iuvfd.268525
AMA Samımı AS, Tajık J, Aghamırı SM, Taherı T. Electrocardiographic Analysis of ST-Segment Duration and Morphology in Sheep and Goats: Effect of Species, Breed, Age and Sex. iuvfd. January 2017;43(1):39-43. doi:10.16988/iuvfd.268525
Chicago Samımı, Amir Saeed, Javad Tajık, Seyyed Morteza Aghamırı, and Talieh Taherı. “Electrocardiographic Analysis of ST-Segment Duration and Morphology in Sheep and Goats: Effect of Species, Breed, Age and Sex”. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 43, no. 1 (January 2017): 39-43. https://doi.org/10.16988/iuvfd.268525.
EndNote Samımı AS, Tajık J, Aghamırı SM, Taherı T (January 1, 2017) Electrocardiographic Analysis of ST-Segment Duration and Morphology in Sheep and Goats: Effect of Species, Breed, Age and Sex. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 43 1 39–43.
IEEE A. S. Samımı, J. Tajık, S. M. Aghamırı, and T. Taherı, “Electrocardiographic Analysis of ST-Segment Duration and Morphology in Sheep and Goats: Effect of Species, Breed, Age and Sex”, iuvfd, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 39–43, 2017, doi: 10.16988/iuvfd.268525.
ISNAD Samımı, Amir Saeed et al. “Electrocardiographic Analysis of ST-Segment Duration and Morphology in Sheep and Goats: Effect of Species, Breed, Age and Sex”. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 43/1 (January 2017), 39-43. https://doi.org/10.16988/iuvfd.268525.
JAMA Samımı AS, Tajık J, Aghamırı SM, Taherı T. Electrocardiographic Analysis of ST-Segment Duration and Morphology in Sheep and Goats: Effect of Species, Breed, Age and Sex. iuvfd. 2017;43:39–43.
MLA Samımı, Amir Saeed et al. “Electrocardiographic Analysis of ST-Segment Duration and Morphology in Sheep and Goats: Effect of Species, Breed, Age and Sex”. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 43, no. 1, 2017, pp. 39-43, doi:10.16988/iuvfd.268525.
Vancouver Samımı AS, Tajık J, Aghamırı SM, Taherı T. Electrocardiographic Analysis of ST-Segment Duration and Morphology in Sheep and Goats: Effect of Species, Breed, Age and Sex. iuvfd. 2017;43(1):39-43.