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Spiritual Survivors: Strategies for Coping with Breast Cancer

Year 2021, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 87 - 110, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.34231/iuyd.894151

Abstract

Breast cancer (BC), a life-threatening illness, is the most widespread cancer affecting women in the world. Women may experience a number of physical and psychological problems after being diagnosed with breast cancer. To deal with these problems, women use different strategies. This study was used netnography method to examine the strategies used by women with cancer to deal with their problems. The strategies examined were based on the COPE scale developed by Carver et al. (1989) and used by Kershaw et al. (2004). This study examines coping strategies under two headings: active strategies and avoidance strategies. The study was analyzed close to 1000 consumer (patient) comments, posted on five different message boards for consumers. Patients in the group were observed to tell their own stories, ask for help from others in the group, and use different coping strategies in their fight against cancer. In particular, cancer patients were found to use multiple strategies together rather than using a single one. In addition, patients using active coping strategies were observed to be more optimistic, happier, and more appreciative of life, whereas patients using avoidance strategies were observed to avoid taking responsibility, ignore their illness, and blame others for the illness.

References

  • Akyolcu, N. (2008). Sexual Life after Surgery in Breast Cancer. Journal of Breast Health, 4(2), 77-83. http://www.eurjbreasthealth.com/sayilar/12/buyuk/1151.pdf
  • Al-Azri, M., Al‐Awisi, H., & Al‐Moundhri, M. (2009). Coping With a Diagnosis of Breast Cancer‐Literature Review and Implications for Developing Countries. The Breast Journal, 15(6), 615-622. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4741.2009.00812.x
  • Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, Akdeniz E. B. (2012). The Analysis of The Relationship Between Marital Adjustment and Coping Strategies in Married Women with Breast Cancer. Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, 3(2), 53-60. doi: 10.5505/phd.2012.08208
  • Aro, H., Hänninen, V., & Paronen, O. (1989). Social Support, Life Events and Psychosomatic Symptoms Among 14–16-Year-Old Adolescents. Social Science & Medicine, 29(9), 1051-1056. https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(89)90015-4
  • Aslan, A., Temiz, M., Yiğit, Y., Can, R., Canbolant, E., & Yiğit, F. (2007). The Knowledge Attitude and Behaviorus of Nursery Students About Breast Cancer.TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin, 6(3), 193-198. ISSN: 1303-734X
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  • Baider, L. E., Cooper, C. L., & Kaplan De-Nour, A. E. (1996). Cancer and the Family. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Balneaves, L. G., Bottorff, J. L., Grewal, S. K., Naidu, P., Johnson, J. L., & Howard, A. F. (2007). Family Support of Immigrant Punjabi Women with Breast Cancer. Family Community Health, 30(1), 16-28.
  • Baqutayan, S. M. S. (2012). The Effect of Anxiety on Breast Cancer Patients. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 34(2), 119. doi: 10.4103/0253-7176.101774
  • Bloom JR, Stewart SL, Johnston M, Banks P, & Fobair P. (2001). Sources of Support and The Physical and Mental Well-Being of Young Women with Breast Cancer. Social Science & Medicine, 53(11), 1513–1524. doi: 10.1016/S0277-9536(00)00440-8
  • Bozo, Ö., Gündoğdu, E., & Büyükaşik-Çolak, C. (2009). The Moderating Role of Different Sources of Perceived Social Support on The Dispositional Optimism—Posttraumatic Growth Relationship in Postoperative Breast Cancer Patients. Journal of Health Psychology, 14(7), 1009-1020. doi: 10.1177/1359105309342295
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  • Carver, C. S., Pozo, C., Harris, S. D., Noriega, V., Scheier, M. F., Robinson, D. S., & Clark, K. C. (1993). How Coping Mediates the Effect of Optimism on Distress: A Study of Women with Early Stage Breast Cancer. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65(2), 375. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.65.2.375
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  • Carver, C. S., Meyer, B., & Antoni, M. H. (2000). Responsiveness To Threats and Incentives, Expectancy of Recurrence, And Distress and Disengagement: Moderator Effects in Women with Early Stage Breast Cancer. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68(6), 965-975. doi: 10.1037//0022-006X.68.6.965
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  • Compas, B. E., Stoll, M. F., Thomsen, A. H., Oppedisano, G., Epping‐Jordan, J. E., & Krag, D. N. (1999). Adjustment To Breast Cancer: Age‐Related Differences in Coping and Emotional Distress. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 54(3), 195-203. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1023%2FA%3A1006164928474.pdf
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  • Creswell, J.W. (2013). Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches Research Design. 3. Edition, Sage.
  • Czerw, A., Religioni, U., & Deptała, A. (2016). Assessment of Pain, Acceptance of Illness, Adjustment to Life with Cancer and Coping Strategies in Breast Cancer Patients. Breast Cancer, 23(4), 654-661. doi: 10.1007/s12282-015-0620-0
  • Dastan, N. B., & Buzlu, S. (2010). The Effects of Spirituality in Breast Cancer Patients and Spiritual Care. Maltepe University Journal of Nursing Science and Art, 3(1), 73-78. https://hemsirelik.maltepe.edu.tr/dergiler/cilt3sayi1/73-78.pdf
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  • Doumit, M. A., El Saghir, N., Huijer, H. A. S., Kelley, J. H., & Nassar, N. (2010). Living with Breast Cancer, A Lebanese Experience. European Journal of Oncology Nursing, 14(1), 42-48. doi:l0.1016fj.ejon.2009.08.003
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Manevi Olarak Hayatta Kalanlar: Meme Kanseri ile Başa Çıkma Stratejileri

Year 2021, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 87 - 110, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.34231/iuyd.894151

Abstract

Yaşamı tehdit eden bir hastalık olan meme kanseri (BC) dünyadaki kadınları etkileyen en yaygın kanserdir. Kadınlara meme kanseri tanısı konulduktan sonra fiziksel ve psikolojik problemlerle karşı karşıya kalmaktadırlar. Kadınlar bu problemlerle baş etmek için birbirinden farklı stretejiler kullanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada meme kanserli kadınların yaşadıkları problemler ile baş etmelerinde kullandıkları stratejiler netnografi yöntemi kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Carver vd. (1989) ve Kershaw vd. (2004) tarafından geliştirilen baş etme stratejileri (COPE) temel alınmıştır. Baş etme stratejileri bu çalışmalarda aktif ve kaçınma stratejileri olarak iki başlık altında incelenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında beş farklı tüketici (hasta) forum sitesinden (5 Türkçe) 1000 tüketici yorumu analiz edilmiştir. Grup içerisinde hastaların kendi hikâyelerini anlatması, gruptakilerden yardım istemesi ve kanserle mücadelelerinde farklı baş etme stratejilerini kullandıkları gözlemlenmiştir. Özellikle kanser hastalarının tek bir strateji değil birçok stratejiyi bir arada kullandığı bulunmuştur. Ayrıca aktif baş etme stratejisini kullanan hastaların daha umutlu, mutlu ve hayatın farkına varan, kaçınma stratejisi kullanan hastaların ise, sorumluluk almayan, hastalığı yok sayan ve hastalıkları konusunda başkalarını suçlayan özelliklere sahip oldukları gözlemlenmiştir.

References

  • Akyolcu, N. (2008). Sexual Life after Surgery in Breast Cancer. Journal of Breast Health, 4(2), 77-83. http://www.eurjbreasthealth.com/sayilar/12/buyuk/1151.pdf
  • Al-Azri, M., Al‐Awisi, H., & Al‐Moundhri, M. (2009). Coping With a Diagnosis of Breast Cancer‐Literature Review and Implications for Developing Countries. The Breast Journal, 15(6), 615-622. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4741.2009.00812.x
  • Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, Akdeniz E. B. (2012). The Analysis of The Relationship Between Marital Adjustment and Coping Strategies in Married Women with Breast Cancer. Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, 3(2), 53-60. doi: 10.5505/phd.2012.08208
  • Aro, H., Hänninen, V., & Paronen, O. (1989). Social Support, Life Events and Psychosomatic Symptoms Among 14–16-Year-Old Adolescents. Social Science & Medicine, 29(9), 1051-1056. https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(89)90015-4
  • Aslan, A., Temiz, M., Yiğit, Y., Can, R., Canbolant, E., & Yiğit, F. (2007). The Knowledge Attitude and Behaviorus of Nursery Students About Breast Cancer.TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin, 6(3), 193-198. ISSN: 1303-734X
  • Aydın, A. (2005). Nurse and Humor. C.U. Journal of Nursing School, 9(1), 1-5. http://eskidergi.cumhuriyet.edu.tr/makale/1118.pdf
  • Baider, L. E., Cooper, C. L., & Kaplan De-Nour, A. E. (1996). Cancer and the Family. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Balneaves, L. G., Bottorff, J. L., Grewal, S. K., Naidu, P., Johnson, J. L., & Howard, A. F. (2007). Family Support of Immigrant Punjabi Women with Breast Cancer. Family Community Health, 30(1), 16-28.
  • Baqutayan, S. M. S. (2012). The Effect of Anxiety on Breast Cancer Patients. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 34(2), 119. doi: 10.4103/0253-7176.101774
  • Bloom JR, Stewart SL, Johnston M, Banks P, & Fobair P. (2001). Sources of Support and The Physical and Mental Well-Being of Young Women with Breast Cancer. Social Science & Medicine, 53(11), 1513–1524. doi: 10.1016/S0277-9536(00)00440-8
  • Bozo, Ö., Gündoğdu, E., & Büyükaşik-Çolak, C. (2009). The Moderating Role of Different Sources of Perceived Social Support on The Dispositional Optimism—Posttraumatic Growth Relationship in Postoperative Breast Cancer Patients. Journal of Health Psychology, 14(7), 1009-1020. doi: 10.1177/1359105309342295
  • Canfield, J., Henson, M.V., Aubery, P., & Mitchell, N. (1996). Chicken Soup for The Surviving Soul: 101 Stories of Courage and Inspiration from Those Who Have Survived Cancer. Health Communication, Inc., Deerfield Beach, Florida.
  • Carver, C. S., Pozo, C., Harris, S. D., Noriega, V., Scheier, M. F., Robinson, D. S., & Clark, K. C. (1993). How Coping Mediates the Effect of Optimism on Distress: A Study of Women with Early Stage Breast Cancer. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65(2), 375. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.65.2.375
  • Carver, C.S. (1997). You Want to Measure Coping but Your Protocol’ Too Long: Consider the Brief Cope. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 4(1), 92-100. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1207%2Fs15327558ijbm0401_6.pdf
  • Carver, C. S., Meyer, B., & Antoni, M. H. (2000). Responsiveness To Threats and Incentives, Expectancy of Recurrence, And Distress and Disengagement: Moderator Effects in Women with Early Stage Breast Cancer. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68(6), 965-975. doi: 10.1037//0022-006X.68.6.965
  • Clement, U., & Schonnesson, L. N. (1998). Subjective HIV Attribution Theories, Coping and Psychological Functioning Among Homosexual Men With HIV. Aids Care, 10(3), 355-363. doi: 10.1080/713612416
  • Compas, B. E., Stoll, M. F., Thomsen, A. H., Oppedisano, G., Epping‐Jordan, J. E., & Krag, D. N. (1999). Adjustment To Breast Cancer: Age‐Related Differences in Coping and Emotional Distress. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 54(3), 195-203. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1023%2FA%3A1006164928474.pdf
  • Coyne, J. C., & Racioppo, M. W. (2000). Never The Twain Shall Meet? Closing The Gap Between Coping Research and Clinical Intervention Research. American Psychologist, 55(6), 655-664. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.55.6.655
  • Creswell, J.W. (2013). Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches Research Design. 3. Edition, Sage.
  • Czerw, A., Religioni, U., & Deptała, A. (2016). Assessment of Pain, Acceptance of Illness, Adjustment to Life with Cancer and Coping Strategies in Breast Cancer Patients. Breast Cancer, 23(4), 654-661. doi: 10.1007/s12282-015-0620-0
  • Dastan, N. B., & Buzlu, S. (2010). The Effects of Spirituality in Breast Cancer Patients and Spiritual Care. Maltepe University Journal of Nursing Science and Art, 3(1), 73-78. https://hemsirelik.maltepe.edu.tr/dergiler/cilt3sayi1/73-78.pdf
  • Demir, S. T. (2016). Disease and Death in The Modern Culture: On Now and Eternity. Beytulhikme: An International Journal of Philosophy, 6(1), 287-305. Doi: 10.18491/bijop.xxx
  • Dilmac, B. (2009). Psychological Needs as A Predictor of Cyber Bullying: A Preliminary Report on College Students. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 9(3), 1307-1325.
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There are 72 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Communication and Media Studies, Business Administration
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Mehpare Tokay Argan 0000-0002-8996-082X

Metin Argan

Publication Date December 31, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 12 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Tokay Argan, M., & Argan, M. (2021). Spiritual Survivors: Strategies for Coping with Breast Cancer. İnternet Uygulamaları Ve Yönetimi Dergisi, 12(2), 87-110. https://doi.org/10.34231/iuyd.894151