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Türkiye'de Yüksek Teknolojili Endüstrilerde Bilgi Dışsallıkları ve Bölgesel Yenilikçiliğe Etkileri

Year 2016, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 93 - 112, 23.07.2016

Abstract

Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de bölgeler itibariyle yenilikçi bilgi yaratımına bilgi dışsallıklarının etkileri, 2003 – 2012 dönemi için analiz edilmektedir. Çalışmanın temel amaçları; Türkiye’de bölgeler itibariyle faaliyet gösteren orta yüksek ve yüksek teknolojili endüstrilerde ortaya çıkan bilgi dışsallıklarının türlerini tespit etmek ve bunların bölgesel yenilikçiliğe etkilerini analiz etmektir. Bu amaçlar doğrultusunda çalışma, literatüre, bu alanda yayınlanan en son verileri kullanarak en güncel analizi yapması ve bilgi dışsallıklarının bölgesel yenilikçilik yaratımına etkilerini Türkiye’de bölgesel düzeyde mekânsal ekonometrik metotları kullanarak inceleyen ilk çalışma olması açılarından katkı yapmaktadır

References

  • Anselin, L. (1988). Spatial Econometrics: Methods and Models. Dordrecht: Kluwer
  • Antonelli, C., Patrucco, P.P. & Quatraro, F. (2011). Productivity Growth and Pecuniary Knowledge Externalities: An Empirical Analysis of Agglomeration Economies in European Regions. Economic Geography, 87(1), 23 – 50.
  • Antonelli, C. (2003). Knowledge Complementarity and Fungeability: Implications for Regional Strategy. Regional Studies, 37, 595-606.
  • Arrow, K.J. (1962). Economic Welfare and the Allocation of Resources for Invention, In:Nelson RR (ed), The Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 609- 626.
  • Asheim, B.T., Boschma, R. & Cooke, P. (2011). Constructing Regional Advantage: Platform Policies based on Related Variety and Differentiated Knowledge Bases. Regional Studies, 45(7), 893 – 904.
  • Asheim, B.T. (2002). Temporary Organisations and Spatial Embeddedness of Learning and Knowledge Creation. Human Geography, 84(2), 111 – 124.
  • Autant-Bernard, C. & LeSage, J.P. (2011). Quantifying Knowledge Spillovers Using Spatial Econometric Models. Journal of Regional Science, 51(3), 471-496.
  • Batisse, C. (2002). Dynamic Externalities and Local Growth: A Panel Data Analysis Applied to Chinese Provinces. China Economic Review, 13(2-3), 231 – 251.
  • Brakman, S., Garretsen, H. & Van Marrewijk, C. (2003). An Introduction to Geographical Economics. Cambridge University Press.
  • Bun, M. J. G. & El Makhlouf, A. (2007). Dynamic Externalities, Local Industrial Structure and Economic Development: Panel Data Evidence for Morocco. Regional Studies, 41(6), 823-837.
  • Combes, P-P. (2000). Economic Structure and Local Growth: France, 1984 – 1993. Journal of Urban Economics, 47, 329 – 355.
  • Dalum, B., Laursen, K. & Verspagen, B. (1999). Does Specialization Matter for Growth? Industrial and Corporate Change, 8(2), 267 – 288.
  • De Groot, H.L.F., Poot, J. & Smit, M. J. (2007). Agglomeration, Innovation and Regional Development. Tinbergen Institute Discussion Paper No TI 2007 – 079/3.
  • De Lucio, J.J., Herce, J.A. & Goicolea, A. (2002). The Effects of Externalities on Productivity Growth in Spanish Industry. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 32, 241 – 258.
  • Elhorst, J.P. (2003). Specification and Estimation of Spatial Panel Data Models. International Regional Science Review, 26(3), 244 – 268.
  • EUROSTAT. (1996). NACE rev1.1 Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community. Lüksemburg.
  • Feldman, M.P. & Audretsch, D.B. (1999). Innovation in Cities: Science-based Diversity, Specialization and Localized Competition. European Economic Review, 43, 409 – 429.
  • Fischer, M.M., Scherngell, T. & Reismann, M. (2009). Knowledge Spillovers and Total Factor Productivity: Evidence Using a Spatial Panel Data Model. Geographical Analysis, 41, 204-220.
  • Frenken, K., Van Oort, F. & Verburg, T. (2007). Related variety, Unrelated Variety and Regional Economic Growth. Regional Studies, 41(5), 685 – 697.
  • Gao, T. (2004). Regional Industrial Growth: Evidence from Chinese Industries. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 32, 101 – 124.
  • Glaeser, E.L., Kallal, H.D., Scheinkman, J.A. & Schleifer, A. (1992). Growth in Cities. Journal of Political Economy, 100(6), 1126 – 1152.
  • Hatzichranoglou, T. (1997). Revision of the High-Technology Sector and Product Classification. OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers, 1997/2, OECD Publishing.
  • Henderson, V. (2003). Marshall’s Scale Economies. Journal of Urban Economics, 53, 1-28. Henderson, V. (1997). Externalities and Industrial Development. Journal of Urban Economics, 42, 449-470.
  • Hulten, C.R. (2001). Total Factor Productivity – A Short Biography, in New developments in productivity analysis, Hulten, C.R., Dean, E.R. & Harper, M.J. (ed), University of Chicago Press, 1-54.
  • Jacobs, J. (1969). The Economy of Cities. New York: Vintage. Ketelhöhn, N.W. (2006). The Role of Clusters as Sources of Dynamic Externalities in the US Semiconductor Industry. Journal of Economic Geography, 6, 679-699.
  • Kıymalıoğlu, U. ve Ayoğlu, D. (2006). Dynamic Agglomeration Economies and the Case of Turkey: Panel Data Analysis. İktisat, İşletme ve Finans Dergisi, 21(249).
  • King III, C., Silk, A.J. & Ketelhöhn, N. (2003). Knowledge Spillovers and Growth in the Disagglomeration of the US Advertising-Agency Industry. Journal of Economics&Management Strategy, 12(3), 327-362.
  • Koo, J. (2005). Technology Spillovers, Agglomeration and Regional Economic Development. Journal of Planning Literature. 20-99.
  • Krugman, P. (1990). Increasing Returns and Economic Geography, NBER Working Paper Series, Working Paper No 3275.
  • LeSage, J.P. & Fischer, M.M. (2012). Estimates of the Impact of Static and Dynamic Knowledge Spillovers on Regional Factor Productivity. International Regional Science Review, 35(1), 103-127.
  • LeSage, J.P. & Pace, R.K. (2010). Spatial Econometric Models, Handbook of Applied Spatial Analysis: Software Tools, Methods and Applications, in Fischer, M.M. ve Getis, A. (Ed). Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
  • Lim, U. (2007). Knowledge Externalities, Spatial Dependence and Metropolitan Economic Growth in the United States. Environment and Planning A, 39, 771-788.
  • Marshall, A. (1890). Principles of Economics. (8th ed. 1920, later reprints), London: Macmillan.
  • Neffke, F., Henning, M., Boschma, R., Lundquist, K.J. & Olander, L.O. (2011), The Dynamics of Agglomeration Externalities along the Life Cycle of Industries. Regional Studies, 45(1), 49-65.
  • OECD. (2009). How Regions Grow: Trends and Analysis, OECD Press, Paris.
  • OECD. (2001). Measuring Productivity: Measurement of Aggregate and Industry-Level Productivity Growth. OECD Press, Paris.
  • Önder, A.Ö. ve Lenger, A. (2003). Productivity in Turkish Manufacturing Industry: A Comparative Analysis on the Basis of Selected Provinces. Yapı Kredi Economic Review, 14(1)
  • Paci, R. & Usai, S. (1999). Externalities, Knowledge Spillovers and the Spatial Distribution of Innovation. GeoJournal, 49, 381-390.
  • Romer, P.M. (1986). Increasing Returns and Long Run Growth. The Journal of Political Economy, 94(5), 1002-1037.
  • Scitovsky, T. (1954). Two Concepts of External Economies. Journal of Political Economy, 62(2), 143-51.
  • Solow, R. (1957). Technical Change and the Aggregate Production Function. Review of Economics and Statistics, 39, 312–320.
  • Suedekum, J. & Blien, U. (2005). Local Economic Structure and Industry Development in Germany, 1993 – 2001. Economics Bulletin, 15(17), 1−8.
  • Türkcan, B. (2014). Knowledge Externalities and Knowledge Spillovers in Social Networks: The Case of Izmir Metalwork Industrial District. European Planning Studies, 22(7), 1425 – 1443.
  • Turkish Patent Institute. İllere Göre Patent Başvuruları, http://www.turkpatent.gov.tr . Erişim tarihi: 05.02.2015.
  • Turkish Statistical Institute. (2001). International standard classification of all economic activities, second revision (ISIC Rev.2) Manufacturing Classification, http://www.tuik.gov.tr . Erişim tarihi: 13.03.2015.
  • Van Der Panne, G. (2004). Agglomeration Externalities: Marshall versus Jacobs. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 14, 593–604.
  • Van Soest, D.P., Gerking, S. & Van Oort, F.G. (2006). Spatial Impacts of Agglomeration Externalities. Journal of Regional Science, 46(5), 881-899.
  • Van Stel, A.J. & Nieuwenhuijsen, H.R. (2004). Knowledge Spillovers and Economic Growth: An Analysis Using Data of Dutch Regions in the Period 1987 – 1995. Regional Studies, 38(4), 393 – 407.
  • Zheng, X.P. (2010). A Cointegration Analysis of Dynamic Externalities. Japan and the World Economy, 22, 130–140.
  • Zhukov, Y. M. (2010). Applied Spatial Statistics in R – Spatial Regression. IQSS, Harvard University. http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~zhukov/Spatial6.pdf. Erişim tarihi: 03.04.2015

Knowledge Externalities in Turkish High Technology Industries and Their Impacts on Regional Innovativeness

Year 2016, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 93 - 112, 23.07.2016

Abstract

In this study, the impacts of knowledge externalities on regional innovativeness are analysed for the period of 2003 – 2012. The main purposes of the study are; determining the types of knowledge externalities created in Turkish medium-high and high technology industries and examining their impacts on regional innovativeness. In this respect, the contributions of this study are twofold. Firstly, it uses the most recent data published for Turkish manufacturing industries. Secondly, it is the first study applying spatial econometric methods while examining the impacts of knowledge externalities on Turkish regional innovativeness.

References

  • Anselin, L. (1988). Spatial Econometrics: Methods and Models. Dordrecht: Kluwer
  • Antonelli, C., Patrucco, P.P. & Quatraro, F. (2011). Productivity Growth and Pecuniary Knowledge Externalities: An Empirical Analysis of Agglomeration Economies in European Regions. Economic Geography, 87(1), 23 – 50.
  • Antonelli, C. (2003). Knowledge Complementarity and Fungeability: Implications for Regional Strategy. Regional Studies, 37, 595-606.
  • Arrow, K.J. (1962). Economic Welfare and the Allocation of Resources for Invention, In:Nelson RR (ed), The Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 609- 626.
  • Asheim, B.T., Boschma, R. & Cooke, P. (2011). Constructing Regional Advantage: Platform Policies based on Related Variety and Differentiated Knowledge Bases. Regional Studies, 45(7), 893 – 904.
  • Asheim, B.T. (2002). Temporary Organisations and Spatial Embeddedness of Learning and Knowledge Creation. Human Geography, 84(2), 111 – 124.
  • Autant-Bernard, C. & LeSage, J.P. (2011). Quantifying Knowledge Spillovers Using Spatial Econometric Models. Journal of Regional Science, 51(3), 471-496.
  • Batisse, C. (2002). Dynamic Externalities and Local Growth: A Panel Data Analysis Applied to Chinese Provinces. China Economic Review, 13(2-3), 231 – 251.
  • Brakman, S., Garretsen, H. & Van Marrewijk, C. (2003). An Introduction to Geographical Economics. Cambridge University Press.
  • Bun, M. J. G. & El Makhlouf, A. (2007). Dynamic Externalities, Local Industrial Structure and Economic Development: Panel Data Evidence for Morocco. Regional Studies, 41(6), 823-837.
  • Combes, P-P. (2000). Economic Structure and Local Growth: France, 1984 – 1993. Journal of Urban Economics, 47, 329 – 355.
  • Dalum, B., Laursen, K. & Verspagen, B. (1999). Does Specialization Matter for Growth? Industrial and Corporate Change, 8(2), 267 – 288.
  • De Groot, H.L.F., Poot, J. & Smit, M. J. (2007). Agglomeration, Innovation and Regional Development. Tinbergen Institute Discussion Paper No TI 2007 – 079/3.
  • De Lucio, J.J., Herce, J.A. & Goicolea, A. (2002). The Effects of Externalities on Productivity Growth in Spanish Industry. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 32, 241 – 258.
  • Elhorst, J.P. (2003). Specification and Estimation of Spatial Panel Data Models. International Regional Science Review, 26(3), 244 – 268.
  • EUROSTAT. (1996). NACE rev1.1 Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community. Lüksemburg.
  • Feldman, M.P. & Audretsch, D.B. (1999). Innovation in Cities: Science-based Diversity, Specialization and Localized Competition. European Economic Review, 43, 409 – 429.
  • Fischer, M.M., Scherngell, T. & Reismann, M. (2009). Knowledge Spillovers and Total Factor Productivity: Evidence Using a Spatial Panel Data Model. Geographical Analysis, 41, 204-220.
  • Frenken, K., Van Oort, F. & Verburg, T. (2007). Related variety, Unrelated Variety and Regional Economic Growth. Regional Studies, 41(5), 685 – 697.
  • Gao, T. (2004). Regional Industrial Growth: Evidence from Chinese Industries. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 32, 101 – 124.
  • Glaeser, E.L., Kallal, H.D., Scheinkman, J.A. & Schleifer, A. (1992). Growth in Cities. Journal of Political Economy, 100(6), 1126 – 1152.
  • Hatzichranoglou, T. (1997). Revision of the High-Technology Sector and Product Classification. OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers, 1997/2, OECD Publishing.
  • Henderson, V. (2003). Marshall’s Scale Economies. Journal of Urban Economics, 53, 1-28. Henderson, V. (1997). Externalities and Industrial Development. Journal of Urban Economics, 42, 449-470.
  • Hulten, C.R. (2001). Total Factor Productivity – A Short Biography, in New developments in productivity analysis, Hulten, C.R., Dean, E.R. & Harper, M.J. (ed), University of Chicago Press, 1-54.
  • Jacobs, J. (1969). The Economy of Cities. New York: Vintage. Ketelhöhn, N.W. (2006). The Role of Clusters as Sources of Dynamic Externalities in the US Semiconductor Industry. Journal of Economic Geography, 6, 679-699.
  • Kıymalıoğlu, U. ve Ayoğlu, D. (2006). Dynamic Agglomeration Economies and the Case of Turkey: Panel Data Analysis. İktisat, İşletme ve Finans Dergisi, 21(249).
  • King III, C., Silk, A.J. & Ketelhöhn, N. (2003). Knowledge Spillovers and Growth in the Disagglomeration of the US Advertising-Agency Industry. Journal of Economics&Management Strategy, 12(3), 327-362.
  • Koo, J. (2005). Technology Spillovers, Agglomeration and Regional Economic Development. Journal of Planning Literature. 20-99.
  • Krugman, P. (1990). Increasing Returns and Economic Geography, NBER Working Paper Series, Working Paper No 3275.
  • LeSage, J.P. & Fischer, M.M. (2012). Estimates of the Impact of Static and Dynamic Knowledge Spillovers on Regional Factor Productivity. International Regional Science Review, 35(1), 103-127.
  • LeSage, J.P. & Pace, R.K. (2010). Spatial Econometric Models, Handbook of Applied Spatial Analysis: Software Tools, Methods and Applications, in Fischer, M.M. ve Getis, A. (Ed). Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
  • Lim, U. (2007). Knowledge Externalities, Spatial Dependence and Metropolitan Economic Growth in the United States. Environment and Planning A, 39, 771-788.
  • Marshall, A. (1890). Principles of Economics. (8th ed. 1920, later reprints), London: Macmillan.
  • Neffke, F., Henning, M., Boschma, R., Lundquist, K.J. & Olander, L.O. (2011), The Dynamics of Agglomeration Externalities along the Life Cycle of Industries. Regional Studies, 45(1), 49-65.
  • OECD. (2009). How Regions Grow: Trends and Analysis, OECD Press, Paris.
  • OECD. (2001). Measuring Productivity: Measurement of Aggregate and Industry-Level Productivity Growth. OECD Press, Paris.
  • Önder, A.Ö. ve Lenger, A. (2003). Productivity in Turkish Manufacturing Industry: A Comparative Analysis on the Basis of Selected Provinces. Yapı Kredi Economic Review, 14(1)
  • Paci, R. & Usai, S. (1999). Externalities, Knowledge Spillovers and the Spatial Distribution of Innovation. GeoJournal, 49, 381-390.
  • Romer, P.M. (1986). Increasing Returns and Long Run Growth. The Journal of Political Economy, 94(5), 1002-1037.
  • Scitovsky, T. (1954). Two Concepts of External Economies. Journal of Political Economy, 62(2), 143-51.
  • Solow, R. (1957). Technical Change and the Aggregate Production Function. Review of Economics and Statistics, 39, 312–320.
  • Suedekum, J. & Blien, U. (2005). Local Economic Structure and Industry Development in Germany, 1993 – 2001. Economics Bulletin, 15(17), 1−8.
  • Türkcan, B. (2014). Knowledge Externalities and Knowledge Spillovers in Social Networks: The Case of Izmir Metalwork Industrial District. European Planning Studies, 22(7), 1425 – 1443.
  • Turkish Patent Institute. İllere Göre Patent Başvuruları, http://www.turkpatent.gov.tr . Erişim tarihi: 05.02.2015.
  • Turkish Statistical Institute. (2001). International standard classification of all economic activities, second revision (ISIC Rev.2) Manufacturing Classification, http://www.tuik.gov.tr . Erişim tarihi: 13.03.2015.
  • Van Der Panne, G. (2004). Agglomeration Externalities: Marshall versus Jacobs. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 14, 593–604.
  • Van Soest, D.P., Gerking, S. & Van Oort, F.G. (2006). Spatial Impacts of Agglomeration Externalities. Journal of Regional Science, 46(5), 881-899.
  • Van Stel, A.J. & Nieuwenhuijsen, H.R. (2004). Knowledge Spillovers and Economic Growth: An Analysis Using Data of Dutch Regions in the Period 1987 – 1995. Regional Studies, 38(4), 393 – 407.
  • Zheng, X.P. (2010). A Cointegration Analysis of Dynamic Externalities. Japan and the World Economy, 22, 130–140.
  • Zhukov, Y. M. (2010). Applied Spatial Statistics in R – Spatial Regression. IQSS, Harvard University. http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~zhukov/Spatial6.pdf. Erişim tarihi: 03.04.2015
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Details

Other ID JA57RU45GR
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Burcu Türkcan This is me

Publication Date July 23, 2016
Submission Date July 23, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 3 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Türkcan, B. (2016). Türkiye’de Yüksek Teknolojili Endüstrilerde Bilgi Dışsallıkları ve Bölgesel Yenilikçiliğe Etkileri. İktisadi Yenilik Dergisi, 3(2), 93-112.