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The Political Economy of Digital Transformation in the European Union

Year 2024, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 31 - 41, 09.08.2024
https://doi.org/10.47899/ijss.1488440

Abstract

The digital area is considered a part of the European Union's (EU) economic and social integration process. However, significant variations in the level of digitalization among member states coupled with widening digital gap, cause challenges to the political sphere. This article examines the inequalities and deprivation experienced by European citizens within the framework of the Union's digitalization objectives, from an economic-political standpoint. It also discusses the digital transformation process within the EU, exploring approaches such as social justice, equality, and sustainable development. In this context, the article analyses strategy documents and reports about the EU's digitalization efforts, utilizing data on digital skills and digital infrastructure from the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) published by the Union. The main findings of the research indicate that the EU has low performance in terms of cross-country inclusivity, convergence, and social integration in the digitalisation process, and this situation deepens inter-regional digital infrastructure differences and inadequacy of human resources. This condition inter-regional disparities in digital infrastructure and highlights inadequacies in human resources. These findings hold significance in providing insights into foreseeable challenges for the EU's digital transformation process, particularly concerning the 2030 targets.

References

  • Antuofermo, M. ve Meglio, D. E. (2012). 23 % of EU citizens were at risk of poverty or social exclusion in 2010. Eurostat Statics in Focus. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3433488/5584436/KS-SF-12-009-EN.PDF.pdf/85506ae5-6fc7-4eb1-bfda-0b74c5b5b1b2?t=1414693706000
  • Başaran, F. (2005). İnternetin ekonomi politiği. M. Binark, & B. Kılıçbay içinde, İnternet, Toplum, Kültür (ss. 32-52). Ankara: Epos Yayınları.
  • Birnhaum, L., Wilhelm, C., Chilla, T. ve Kröner, S. (2021). Place attachment and digitalisation in rural regions. Journal of Rural Studies. 189-198.
  • Cedefop (2024). Dijital uçurum/dijital bölünme. https://www.cedefop.europa.eu/et/tools/vet-glossary/glossary/digitale-kluft
  • Council of the European Union. (2020). Council conclusions on a recovery advancing the transition towards a more dynamic, resilient and competitive european industry.
  • https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-13004-2020-INIT/en/pdf
  • European Commission. (2010). Europe 2020 a strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth. https://ec.europa.eu/eu2020/pdf/COMPLET%20EN%20BARROSO%20%20%20007%20-%20Europe%202020%20-%20EN%20version.pdf
  • European Commission. (2021). 2030 digital compass: the European way for the digital decade. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52021DC0118
  • European Commission (2022). European declaration on digital rights and principles for the digital decade. https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/dae/redirection/document/82703, (04.07.2024).
  • European Commission (2023a). 2030 digital decade: report on the state of the digital decade 2023. https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/2023-report-state-digital-decade
  • European Commission (2023b). Questions & answers on the first report on the state of the digital decade. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/qanda_23_4620.
  • Eurostat (2024a). Living conditions in europe-poverty and social exclusion. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Living_conditions_in_Europe_-_poverty_and_social_exclusion&oldid=584082#Poverty_and_social_exclusion
  • Eurostat (2024b). Persons who cannot afford internet connection for personal use at home by age, sex and income group, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_mddu07a/default/table?lang=en
  • European Commission (2024). DESI 2024 indicators. https://digital-decade-desi.digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/datasets/desi/charts/desi-indicators?period=desi_2024&indicator=desi_dsk_bab&breakdown=ind_total&unit=pc_ind&country=AT,BE,BG,HR,CY,CZ,DK,EE,EU,FI,FR,DE,EL,HU,IE,IT,LV,LT,LU,MT,NL,PL,PT,RO,SK,SI,ES,SE
  • European Parliament (2019). A decade on from the crisis - main responses and remaining challenges. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2019/642253/EPRS_BRI%282019%29642253_EN.pdf
  • European Parliament (2021a). Europe’s digital decade and autonomy. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2021/695465/IPOL_STU(2021)695465_EN.pdf
  • European Parliament (2021b). Acquisition of basic digital skills among European citizens. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/E-9-2021-001217_EN.html
  • European Parliament (2022). Lack of digital skills in Europe. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/E-9-2022-004017_EN.html
  • European Parliament (2023a). Digitalisation and the future of the labour market. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/E-9-2023-002440_EN.html
  • European Parliament (2023b). The EU's strategy for increasing digital literacy rates among citizens. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/E-9-2023-003101_EN.html
  • Kwilinski, A., Vyshnevskyi, O. ve Dzwigol, H. (2020). Digitalization of the EU economies and people at risk of poverty or social exclusion. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 1-14.
  • Mosco, V. (2009). The political economy of communication. London: SAGE Publications Ltd.
  • OECD (2001). Understanding the digital divide. OECD Digital Economy Papers, No. 49, OECD Publishing, Paris.
  • Official Journal of the European Union. (2007). Treaty of Lisbon. https://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/688a7a98-3110-4ffe-a6b3-8972d8445325.0007.01/DOC_19
  • Official Journal of the European Union. (2022). Establishing the digital decade policy programme 2030. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32022D2481
  • Stiakakis, E., Kariotellis, P. ve Vlachopoulou, M. (2009). From the digital divide to digital inequality: secondary research in the European Union. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social-Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 26. 43-54.
  • Stiegler, B. (2012). Politik ekonominin yeni bir eleştirisi için. İstanbul: Monokl Yayınları.
  • Szeles, M. R. (2018). New ınsights from a multilevel approach to the regional digital divide in the European Union. Telecommunications Policy, 452-463.

Avrupa Birliği’nde Dijital Dönüşümün Ekonomi Politiği

Year 2024, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 31 - 41, 09.08.2024
https://doi.org/10.47899/ijss.1488440

Abstract

Avrupa Birliği (AB) için dijital alan, ekonomik ve sosyal bütünleşme sürecinin bir parçası olarak görülmektedir. Buna karşın, üye ülkeler arasında dijitalleşme düzeyine yönelik önemli farklılıklar ve derinleşen dijital boşluk, politik alana zarar vermektedir. Bu makale, Birliğin dijitalleşme hedefleri ekseninde Avrupa yurttaşlarının yaşadığı eşitsizliği ve yoksunluğun eleştirisini ekonomik politik perspektifte tartışmış, dijital dönüşüm sürecini AB’de sosyal adalet, eşitlik ve sürdürülebilir kalkınma gibi yaklaşımlar ekseninde ele almıştır. Bu kapsamda, AB’nin dijitalleşme sürecine yönelik strateji belgeleri ve raporları analiz edilmiş, ayrıca Birlik tarafından yayınlanan Dijital Ekonomi Toplum İndeksinde (DESI) yer alan Dijital Beceriler ve Dijital Altyapı verileri kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya ilişkin temel bulgular, Birliğin dijitalleşme sürecinde ülkeler arası kapsayıcılık, yakınsama ve toplumsal içerme konusunda düşük bir performansa sahip olduğunu, bu durumun da bölgeler arası dijital altyapı farklılıkları ve insan kaynağının yetersizliğini derinleştirdiğini göstermektedir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, AB’nin dijital dönüşüm sürecine yönelik 2030 hedefleri için öngörülebilir değerlendirmeleri ortaya koymak açısından önemlidir.

References

  • Antuofermo, M. ve Meglio, D. E. (2012). 23 % of EU citizens were at risk of poverty or social exclusion in 2010. Eurostat Statics in Focus. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3433488/5584436/KS-SF-12-009-EN.PDF.pdf/85506ae5-6fc7-4eb1-bfda-0b74c5b5b1b2?t=1414693706000
  • Başaran, F. (2005). İnternetin ekonomi politiği. M. Binark, & B. Kılıçbay içinde, İnternet, Toplum, Kültür (ss. 32-52). Ankara: Epos Yayınları.
  • Birnhaum, L., Wilhelm, C., Chilla, T. ve Kröner, S. (2021). Place attachment and digitalisation in rural regions. Journal of Rural Studies. 189-198.
  • Cedefop (2024). Dijital uçurum/dijital bölünme. https://www.cedefop.europa.eu/et/tools/vet-glossary/glossary/digitale-kluft
  • Council of the European Union. (2020). Council conclusions on a recovery advancing the transition towards a more dynamic, resilient and competitive european industry.
  • https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-13004-2020-INIT/en/pdf
  • European Commission. (2010). Europe 2020 a strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth. https://ec.europa.eu/eu2020/pdf/COMPLET%20EN%20BARROSO%20%20%20007%20-%20Europe%202020%20-%20EN%20version.pdf
  • European Commission. (2021). 2030 digital compass: the European way for the digital decade. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52021DC0118
  • European Commission (2022). European declaration on digital rights and principles for the digital decade. https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/dae/redirection/document/82703, (04.07.2024).
  • European Commission (2023a). 2030 digital decade: report on the state of the digital decade 2023. https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/2023-report-state-digital-decade
  • European Commission (2023b). Questions & answers on the first report on the state of the digital decade. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/qanda_23_4620.
  • Eurostat (2024a). Living conditions in europe-poverty and social exclusion. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Living_conditions_in_Europe_-_poverty_and_social_exclusion&oldid=584082#Poverty_and_social_exclusion
  • Eurostat (2024b). Persons who cannot afford internet connection for personal use at home by age, sex and income group, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_mddu07a/default/table?lang=en
  • European Commission (2024). DESI 2024 indicators. https://digital-decade-desi.digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/datasets/desi/charts/desi-indicators?period=desi_2024&indicator=desi_dsk_bab&breakdown=ind_total&unit=pc_ind&country=AT,BE,BG,HR,CY,CZ,DK,EE,EU,FI,FR,DE,EL,HU,IE,IT,LV,LT,LU,MT,NL,PL,PT,RO,SK,SI,ES,SE
  • European Parliament (2019). A decade on from the crisis - main responses and remaining challenges. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2019/642253/EPRS_BRI%282019%29642253_EN.pdf
  • European Parliament (2021a). Europe’s digital decade and autonomy. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2021/695465/IPOL_STU(2021)695465_EN.pdf
  • European Parliament (2021b). Acquisition of basic digital skills among European citizens. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/E-9-2021-001217_EN.html
  • European Parliament (2022). Lack of digital skills in Europe. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/E-9-2022-004017_EN.html
  • European Parliament (2023a). Digitalisation and the future of the labour market. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/E-9-2023-002440_EN.html
  • European Parliament (2023b). The EU's strategy for increasing digital literacy rates among citizens. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/E-9-2023-003101_EN.html
  • Kwilinski, A., Vyshnevskyi, O. ve Dzwigol, H. (2020). Digitalization of the EU economies and people at risk of poverty or social exclusion. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 1-14.
  • Mosco, V. (2009). The political economy of communication. London: SAGE Publications Ltd.
  • OECD (2001). Understanding the digital divide. OECD Digital Economy Papers, No. 49, OECD Publishing, Paris.
  • Official Journal of the European Union. (2007). Treaty of Lisbon. https://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/688a7a98-3110-4ffe-a6b3-8972d8445325.0007.01/DOC_19
  • Official Journal of the European Union. (2022). Establishing the digital decade policy programme 2030. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32022D2481
  • Stiakakis, E., Kariotellis, P. ve Vlachopoulou, M. (2009). From the digital divide to digital inequality: secondary research in the European Union. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social-Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 26. 43-54.
  • Stiegler, B. (2012). Politik ekonominin yeni bir eleştirisi için. İstanbul: Monokl Yayınları.
  • Szeles, M. R. (2018). New ınsights from a multilevel approach to the regional digital divide in the European Union. Telecommunications Policy, 452-463.
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects International Relations (Other)
Journal Section Review Articles
Authors

Sadık Demirbağ 0000-0002-3642-5866

Şehriban Kaya 0000-0002-5509-4847

Early Pub Date August 23, 2024
Publication Date August 9, 2024
Submission Date May 22, 2024
Acceptance Date August 9, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 6 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Demirbağ, S., & Kaya, Ş. (2024). Avrupa Birliği’nde Dijital Dönüşümün Ekonomi Politiği. İzmir Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 6(1), 31-41. https://doi.org/10.47899/ijss.1488440
İzmir Journal of Social Sciences © 2019
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