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An Evaluation of Foreign Language Teaching in Turkey and Suggestions for Solution

Year 2024, , 16 - 30, 29.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.46423/izujed.1269741

Abstract

Although effective foreign language teaching in our country is a strategic goal announced by the Ministry of National Education (https://www.meb.gov.tr/yabanci-dil-egitimi-bizim-icin-stratejik-bir-meseledir/haber/18557/tr), it is a result reflected in the statistics that we have not been very successful in this regard. According to the statistics published in 2020 by the organisation Education First, Turkey ranked 70th among the world countries in the Foreign Language Proficiency Index and second to last among European countries with an average score of 478. One of the most important reasons for this failure is the Communicative Language Teaching method, which has been used as an official practice in our schools since the mid-1990s. Currently, all English lessons are based on the assumptions of this approach. It is clear that insisting on the current model will continue to produce the same unsuccessful results.

The alternative to the Communicative Method, which is based on the assumption that the four skills can be taught in equal proportions and competence can be gained in each of them, is the Comprehension-Based Foreign Language Teaching Approach. This approach is based on American linguist Stephen Krashen's comprehensible input hypothesis. It argues that acquiring proficiency in a foreign language can only be achieved by beginning to understand the messages in that language. According to this hypothesis, an ideal foreign language teaching programme should be designed to provide students with a large amount of comprehensible and compelling reading, listening and video materials that contain variations of the language. Foreign language teaching programmes that teach only language knowledge but neglect language use may teach grammar and vocabulary. However, such a programme cannot make them competent users who understand what they read and listen to and who can speak and write fluently and accurately. In this article, solid suggestions for policy makers and teachers on how to move towards a Comprehension-Based Foreign Language Teaching programme will be presented.

References

  • Asher, J. (1965). The strategy of the total physical response: An application to learning Russian. International Review of Applied Linguistics, 3, 291-300.
  • Asher, J. (2001). Brainswitching: Learning on the right side of the brain. California: Sky Oaks Productions.
  • Bijani, H. & Nahvi, A. (2012). Modularity of mind and second language acquisition. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 2 (8), 1656-1661. doi:10.4304/tpls.2.8.1656-1661
  • Burger, S. (1989). Content-based ESL in a sheltered psychology course: Input, output, and outcomes. TESL Canada Journal, 6, 45-59.
  • Dupuy, B. (2000). Content-based instruction: Can it help ease the transition from beginning to advanced foreign language classes? Foreign Language Annals, 33 (2), 205-233.
  • Dziedzic, J. (2012). A comparison of TPRS and traditional instruction, both with SSR. International Journal of Foreign Language Teaching, 7(1): 4-6.
  • Elissa L. Newport (2011). The modularity issue in language acquisition: A rapprochement? Comments on Gallistel and Chomsky, Language Learning and Development, 7:4, 279-286. DOI: 10.1080/15475441.2011.605309
  • Ellidokuzoğlu, H. (2017, Aralık). Yabancı dil eğitiminde sanal ortamda doğal yaklaşım. Bilişimle Gelişim 34. Ulusal Bilişim Kurultayı bildirisi, Ankara.
  • Ellidokuzoğlu, H. (2017). Towards a receptive paradigm in foreign language teaching. TOJELT, 2, (1), 20-39.
  • Krashen, S. (1982). Principles and practice in second language acquisition. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
  • Krashen, S. & Terrell, T. (1983). The natural approach: Language acquisition in the classroom. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
  • Krashen, S. (2003). Explorations in language acquisition and use. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
  • Işık, A. (2000). The role of input in second language acquisition. ITL Review of Applied Linguistics, 129, 225-274.
  • Işık, A. (2008). Yabancı dil eğitimimizdeki yanlışlar nereden kaynaklanıyor? Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 4 (2), 15-26.
  • Lobachev, S. (2008). Top languages in global information production & partnership. The Canadian Journal of Library and Information Practice and Research, 3 (2), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.21083/partnership.v3i2.826
  • Marinova Todd, S. & Marshall, D.B. & Snow, S. (2000). Three misconceptions about age and L2 learning. TESOL Quarterly, 34 (1), 9-34. Erişim adresi: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0039-8322%28200021%2934%3A1%3C9%3ATMAAAL%3E2.0.CO%3B2-M&origin=JSTOR-pdf
  • Sarı, R. (2013). Is it possible to improve writing without writing practice? International Journal of Foreign Language Teaching, 8(1), 6-10.
  • Sarıçoban, G. (2012). Foreign language education policies in Turkey. Procedia- Social and Behavioral Sciences, 46, 2643-2648.
  • Smith, K., Mason, B. & Krashen S. (2021). Story- listening and guided self-selected reading: Short- term results from Indonesia. Language Issues, 1(3), 1-14. Retrieved from http://languageissues.com/

Türkiye’de Uygulanmakta Olan Yabancı Dil Eğitiminin Değerlendirilmesi ve Çözüm Önerileri

Year 2024, , 16 - 30, 29.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.46423/izujed.1269741

Abstract

Ülkemizde etkin bir yabancı dil öğretimi bizzat Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı tarafından ilan edilen stratejik bir hedef olmasına rağmen (https://www.meb.gov.tr/yabanci-dil-egitimi-bizim-icin-stratejik-bir-meseledir/haber/18557/tr), bu konuda çok da başarılı olamadığımız istatistiklere yansıyan bir sonuçtur. Education First adlı kuruluşun 2020 yılında yayınlanan istatistiklerine göre Türkiye Yabancı Dil Yeterlik endeksinde dünya ülkeleri arasında 70’inci sırada kendisine yer bulabilmiş; 478 ortalama puan ile Avrupa ülkeleri arasında da sondan 2’inci olabilmiştir. Bu başarısızlığın en önemli sebeplerinin başında okullarımızda resmi bir uygulama olarak 1990’lı yılların ortalarından beri kullanılmakta olan İletişimsel Dil Öğretim yöntemi gelmektedir. Hâlihazırda tüm İngilizce dersleri bu yaklaşımın varsayımlarına dayalı olarak yapılmaktadır. Mevcut modelde ısrar edilmesinin aynı başarısız sonuçları doğurmaya devam edeceği açıktır.

Dört becerinin eşit oranda öğretilerek her birinde yetkinlik kazanılabileceği varsayımına dayalı İletişimsel Yöntemin alternatifi Anlama Odaklı Yabancı Dil Öğretimi Yaklaşımıdır. Bu yaklaşım Amerikalı dilbilimci Stephen Krashen’ın anlaşılabilir girdi hipotezine dayanır. Bir yabancı dilde yetkinlik elde etmenin ancak o dildeki mesajları anlamaya başlamak yoluyla gerçekleşebileceği savını savunur. Buna göre ideal bir yabancı dil öğretimi programı öğrencilere çok fazla miktarda, dilin çeşitli varyasyonlarını barındıran anlaşılabilir ve onların ilgisini çeken okuma, dinleme ve izleme materyali sağlamak üzere kurgulanmalıdır. Yalnızca dil ile ilgili bilgilerin öğretildiği fakat dilin kullanımının ihmal edildiği yabancı dil öğretim programları öğrencilere sadece gramer ve kelime bilgisi öğretebilir. Ancak, böyle bir program onları okuduğunu, dinlediğini anlayan, kendisi de akıcı ve hatasız konuşabilen ve yazabilen yetkin birer kullanıcı yapamaz. Bu makalede Anlama Odaklı Yabancı Dil Öğretimi programına nasıl geçilebileceği konusunda politika geliştiricilere ve öğretmenlere kısa, orta ve uzun vadede uygulayabilecekleri somut önerilerden bahsedilecektir.

References

  • Asher, J. (1965). The strategy of the total physical response: An application to learning Russian. International Review of Applied Linguistics, 3, 291-300.
  • Asher, J. (2001). Brainswitching: Learning on the right side of the brain. California: Sky Oaks Productions.
  • Bijani, H. & Nahvi, A. (2012). Modularity of mind and second language acquisition. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 2 (8), 1656-1661. doi:10.4304/tpls.2.8.1656-1661
  • Burger, S. (1989). Content-based ESL in a sheltered psychology course: Input, output, and outcomes. TESL Canada Journal, 6, 45-59.
  • Dupuy, B. (2000). Content-based instruction: Can it help ease the transition from beginning to advanced foreign language classes? Foreign Language Annals, 33 (2), 205-233.
  • Dziedzic, J. (2012). A comparison of TPRS and traditional instruction, both with SSR. International Journal of Foreign Language Teaching, 7(1): 4-6.
  • Elissa L. Newport (2011). The modularity issue in language acquisition: A rapprochement? Comments on Gallistel and Chomsky, Language Learning and Development, 7:4, 279-286. DOI: 10.1080/15475441.2011.605309
  • Ellidokuzoğlu, H. (2017, Aralık). Yabancı dil eğitiminde sanal ortamda doğal yaklaşım. Bilişimle Gelişim 34. Ulusal Bilişim Kurultayı bildirisi, Ankara.
  • Ellidokuzoğlu, H. (2017). Towards a receptive paradigm in foreign language teaching. TOJELT, 2, (1), 20-39.
  • Krashen, S. (1982). Principles and practice in second language acquisition. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
  • Krashen, S. & Terrell, T. (1983). The natural approach: Language acquisition in the classroom. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
  • Krashen, S. (2003). Explorations in language acquisition and use. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
  • Işık, A. (2000). The role of input in second language acquisition. ITL Review of Applied Linguistics, 129, 225-274.
  • Işık, A. (2008). Yabancı dil eğitimimizdeki yanlışlar nereden kaynaklanıyor? Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 4 (2), 15-26.
  • Lobachev, S. (2008). Top languages in global information production & partnership. The Canadian Journal of Library and Information Practice and Research, 3 (2), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.21083/partnership.v3i2.826
  • Marinova Todd, S. & Marshall, D.B. & Snow, S. (2000). Three misconceptions about age and L2 learning. TESOL Quarterly, 34 (1), 9-34. Erişim adresi: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0039-8322%28200021%2934%3A1%3C9%3ATMAAAL%3E2.0.CO%3B2-M&origin=JSTOR-pdf
  • Sarı, R. (2013). Is it possible to improve writing without writing practice? International Journal of Foreign Language Teaching, 8(1), 6-10.
  • Sarıçoban, G. (2012). Foreign language education policies in Turkey. Procedia- Social and Behavioral Sciences, 46, 2643-2648.
  • Smith, K., Mason, B. & Krashen S. (2021). Story- listening and guided self-selected reading: Short- term results from Indonesia. Language Issues, 1(3), 1-14. Retrieved from http://languageissues.com/
There are 19 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Studies on Education
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Eyyüp Yaşar Kürüm 0000-0002-6681-2824

Publication Date June 29, 2024
Submission Date March 23, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2024

Cite

APA Kürüm, E. Y. (2024). Türkiye’de Uygulanmakta Olan Yabancı Dil Eğitiminin Değerlendirilmesi ve Çözüm Önerileri. IZU Journal of Education, 6(1), 16-30. https://doi.org/10.46423/izujed.1269741