FISH BIODIVERSITY IN INLAND WATERS OF TURKEY

Abstract

Fish biodiversity in inland waters of Turkey has been prepared by reviewing of recent records. First review of systematic status for Turkey fish fauna dealt with between the years of 1856 and 2004, and about 236 fish species were listed in the inland water of Turkey (Kuru 2004). In this study; a total of 371 fish species belonging to 27 families and 92 genera was determined. More than half of the existing species were member of Cyprinidae family. Nemacheilidae, Gobiidae, Cobitidae and Salmonidae were also rich families by species. Following this review species number of fish fauna for Turkey has increased at a rate of 57% during the last decade. Fast increase of species number and possible reasons were discussed in terms of systematical approaches, zoogeography and uncertainties. On the other hand, species conservation status for each species has also been evaluated based on available information including some biological findings belonging to species.

Keywords

• -

References

1. Akçıray F, 1948, Türkische Cyprinodontiden, I, II, İstanbul Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Mecmuası. Seri B 13, 97-142, 280-310.
2. April J, Mayden RL, Hanner RH, Bernatchez L, 2011, Genetic calibration of species diversity among North America's freshwater fishes, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108, 10602-10607.
3. Balık S, 1974, Taxonomical and Ecological Investigations upon Freshwater Fishes of Western Anatolia Ðzmir, PhD Thesis, Ege University, Faculty of Science, Ðzmir, Turkey, 61.
4. Banarescu PM, 1990, Zoogeography of freshwaters. I. General distribution and dispersal of freshwater animals. Wiesbaden, Germany: AulaVerlag.
5. Baselga A, Lobo JM, Hortal J, Jiménez-Valverde A, Gómez JF, 2010, Assessing alpha and beta taxonomy in eupelmid wasps: determinants of the probability of describing good species and synonyms, Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 48, 40-49.
6. Bergsten J, Englund M, Ericsson P, unp., A DNA key to all Swedish vertebrates. Available: http://www.ncbi.
7. nlm.nih.gov. Accessed 20 December 2014.
8. Demirsoy A, 2002, Genel Zooco€rafya ve Türkiye Zooco€rafyası. Ankara, Meteksan A.Þ. 326.

9. De Queiroz K, 2007, Species concepts and species delimitation, Systematic Biology 56, 879-886.
10. Dong XL, Xu W, Wei YY, Xu QY, 2013, The complete mitochondrial genome of Barbus capito (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae), Mitochondrial DNA 24, 326-327.
11. Durand JD, Persat H, Bouvet Y, 1999, Phylogeography and postglacial dispersion of the chub (Leuciscus cephalus) in Europe, Molecular Ecology 8,
12. -997.
13. Durand JD, Ünlü E, Doadrio I, Pipoyan S, Templeton AR, 2000, Origin, radiation, dispersion and allopatric hybridization in the chub Leuciscus cephalus, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B Biological Sciences 267, 1687-1697.
14. Durand JD, Shen KN, Chen WJ, Jamandre BW, Blel H, Diop K, Nirchio M, Garcia de Leon FJ, Whitfield AK, Chang CW, Borsa P, 2012, Systematics of the grey mullets (Teleostei: Mugiliformes: Mugilidae): molecular phylogenetic evidence challenges two centuries of morphology-based taxonomy, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 64, 73-92.
15. Elp M, Özulu€ M, Þen F, Freyhof J, 2013, Validation of Alburnus timarensis from the Lake Van Basin, Eastern Anatolia (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), Zoology in the Middle East 59, 235-244.
16. Eschmeyer WN, Catalog of Fishes: Genera, Species, References. Available: http://researcharchive. calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/
17. fishcatmain.asp. Accessed 20 December 2014.
18. Fricke R, Bileceno€lu M, Sarı HM, 2007, Annotated checklist of fish and lamprey species of Turkey, including a Red List of threatened and declining species, Stuttgoter Beitröge zur Naturkunde Serie A (Biologie) 706, 1-169.
19. Froese R, Pauly D, 2014, Fishbase. World Wide Web electronic publication. Available: http://www.
20. fishbase.org. Accessed 20 December 2014.
21. Geiger MF, Herder F, Monaghan MT, Almada V, Barbieri R, Bariche M, Berrebi P, Bohlen J, Casal- Lopez M, Delmastro GB, Denys GPJ, Dettai A, Doadrio I, Kalogianni E, Karst H, Kottelat M, Kovacic M, Laporte M, Lorenzoni M, Marcic Z, Ozulug M, Perdices A, Perea S, Persat H, Porcelotti S, Puzzi C, Robalo J, Sanda R, Schneider M, Slechtova V, Stoumboudi M, Walter S, Freyhof J, 2014, Spatial heterogeneity in the mediterranean biodiversity hotspot affects barcoding accuracy of its freshwater fishes, Molecular Ecology Resources. doi: 10.1111/1755- 0998.12257
22. Geldiay R, Balık S, 1988, Türkiye Tatlısu Balıkları. Bornova-Ðzmir, Ege Üniversitesi Basımevi. 519.
23. Ghadirnejad H, Siti Azizah MN, Salehi A, Aghili K, Katialisa K, Jamsari AFJ, Lim HC, unp., Barcoding of five sturgeon species in Iran. Available: http://www.ncbi.
24. nlm.nih.gov. Accessed 20 December 2014.
25. Hebert PDN, Cywinska A, Ball S, Dewaard J, 2003, Biological identifications through DNA barcodes, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences 270, 313-321.
26. Hubert N, Hanner R, Holm E, Mandrak NE, Taylor E, Burridge M, Watkinson D, Dumont P, Curry A, Bentzen P, Zhang J, April J, Bernatchez L, 2008, Identifying Canadian Freshwater Fishes through DNA Barcodes, PLoS ONE 3, E2490.
27. IUCN, 2014, The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. Available: http://www.iucnredlist.
28. org. Accessed 20 December 2014.
29. Jerome M, Martinsohn JT, unp., Towards fish and seafood traceability: Anchovy species determination in fish products by molecular markers and support through a public domain database. Available: http://
30. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Accessed 20 December 2014.
31. Kempter J, Hofsoe P, Neumann A, Panicz R, Keszka S, unp., Population variability of sterlet sturgeon (Acipenser ruthenus) on biometric and genetic analysis. Available: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Accessed 20 December 2014.
32. Keskin E, unp., Mitochondrial and Nuclear DNA Variation Among Salmonidae Species. Available: http://
33. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Accessed 20 December 2014.
34. Keskin E, Agdamar S, Tarkan AS, 2013, DNA barcoding
35. common non-native freshwater fish species in Turkey: Low genetic diversity but high population structuring, Mitochondrial DNA 24, 276-287.
36. Keskin E, Atar HH, 2013, DNA barcoding commercially important fish species of Turkey, Molecular Ecology Resources 13, 788-797.
37. Knebelsberger T, Dunz AR, Neumann D, Geiger MF, 2014, Molecular diversity of Germany’s freshwater fishes and lampreys assessed by DNA barcoding, Molecular Ecology Resources 15, 562-572. Knebelsberger T, Thiel R, 2014, Identification of gobies (Teleostei: Perciformes: Gobiidae) from the North and Baltic Seas combining morphological analysis and DNA barcoding, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 172, 831-45.
38. Kosswig C, 1954, Türkiye Tatlısu Balıklarının Zooco€rafyası. Ðstanbul, Ðstanbul Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Hidrobioloji Araþtðrma Enstitüsü. Mecmuasð A2, 1-19.
39. Kosswig C, 1955, Zoogeography of the Near East - Systematic Biology 4, 49-73.
40. Kuru M, 1971, The fresh-water fish fauna of eastern Anatolia, Ðstanbul Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Mecmuasð B36, 137-147.
41. Kuru M, 1975, Dicle-Fırat, Kura-Aras, Van Gölü ve Karadeniz Havzası tatlısularında yaþayan Balıkların (Pisces) Sistematik ve Zooco€rafik Yönden Ðncelenmesi, Doçentlik Tezi, Atatürk Üniversitesi, Erzurum, Türkiye, 186.
42. Kuru M, 1980, Türkiye Tatlısu Balıları Katalo€u. Ankara, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Yayðnlarð Yardımcı Kitaplar Dizisi-1. 73.
43. Kuru M, 2004, Türkiye Ðç su Balıklarının Son Sistematik Durumu, Gazi Üniversitesi E€itim Fakültesi Dergisi 24, 1-21.
44. Kuru M, Balık S, Ustao€lu MR, Taþkavak E, Gül A, Yılmaz M, Sarı HM, Küçük F, Kutrup B, Hamalosmano€lu M, 2001, Türkiye’de Bulunan Sulak Alanların Ramsar Sözleþmesi Balık Kriterlerine Göre De€erlendirilmesi. Ankara, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Çevre Bakanlı€ı Çevre Koruma Genel Müdürlü€ü Projesi. 289.
45. Landi M, Dimech M, Arculeo M, Biondo G, Martins R, Carneiro M, Carvalho GR, Brutto SL, Costa FO, 2014, DNA barcoding for species assignment: the case of mediterranean fishes, PLoS ONE 9, E106135.
46. Liao TY, Ünlü E, Kullander SD, 2011, Western Boundary of the Subfamily Danioninae in Asia (Teleostei, Cyprinidae): Derived From the Systematic Position of Barilius mesopotamicus Based on Molecular and Morphological Data, Zootaxa 2880, 31-40.
47. Mayden RL, 1997, A hierarchy of species concepts: The denouement in the saga of the species problem (In: Claridge MF, Dawah HA, Wilson MR, editors, Species: The units of biodiversity), Chapman and Hall, London, 381-424.
48. Miya M, Nishida M, 2000, Use of mitogenomic information in teleostean molecular phylogenetics: a tree-based exploration under the maximum-parsimony optimality criterion, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 17, 437-455.
49. NCBI, 2014, National Center for Biotechnology Information. Available: http://www.ncbi.
50. nlm.nih.gov. Accessed 20 December 2014.
51. Peng JL, Wang XZ, Wang D, He SP, 2009, Application of DNA Barcoding Based on the Mitochondrial COI Gene Sequences in Classification of Culter (Pisces: Cyprinidae), Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica 33, 271-276.
52. Pereira LH, Hanner R, Foresti F, Oliveira C, 2013, Can DNA barcoding accurately discriminate megadiverse Neotropical freshwater fish fauna?, BMC Genetics 14, 20, doi: 10.1186/1471-2156-14-20.
53. Perea S, Böhme M, Zupancic P, Freyhof J, Sanda R, Özulu€ M, Abdoli A, Doadrio I, 2010, Phylogenetic relationships and biogeographical patterns in Circum-Mediterranean subfamily Leuciscinae (Teleostei, Cyprinidae) inferred from both mitochondrial and nuclear data, BMC Evolutionary Biology, 10, doi: 10.1186/1471-2148-10-265.
54. Tekeli I, Algan N, Güler Ç, Vaizo€lu S, Dündar AK, Yerli S, Öztürk B, Demirayak F, Mutlu B, 2006, Biodiversity in the world and Turkey, The Turkish Academy of Science, 174.
55. Triantafyllidis A, Bobori D, Koliamitra C, Gbandi E, Mpanti M, Petriki O, Karaiskou N, 2011, DNA barcoding analysis of fish species diversity in four north greek lakes, Mitochondrial DNA 22, 37-42.
56. Turan D, Kottelat M, Engin S, 2012, The trouts of the Mediterranean drainages of Southern Anatolia, Turkey, with description of three new species (Teleostei: Salmonidae), Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters 23, 219-236.
57. Turan D, Dogan E, Kaya C, Kanyılmaz M, 2014, Salmo kottelati, a new species of trout from Alakır Stream, draining to the Mediterranean in southern Anatolia, Turkey (Teleostei, Salmonidae), Zookeys 462, 135-151.
58. Turner GF, 1999, What is fish species?, Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 9, 281-297.
59. Vrijenhoek RC, 1998, Conservation genetics of freshwater fish, Journal of Fish Biology 53, 394-412.
60. Ward RD, Zemlak TS, Innes BH, Last PR, Hebert PD, 2005, DNA barcoding Australia's fish species, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences 360, 1847-1857.
61. Wildekamp RH, Küçük F, Ünlüsayın M, Neer WV, 1999, Species and Subspecies of the Genus Aphanius Nardo 1897 (Pisces: Cyprinodontidae) in Turkey, Turkish Journal of Zoology 23, 23-44.