PREVALENCE, INTENSITY AND ABUNDANCE OF HELMINT PARASITES INFECTIONS ON WILD SEA BASS, Dicentrarchus labrax (MORONIDAE) FROM BEYMELEK LAGOON LAKE, ANTALYA, TURKEY

Year 2014, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 31 - 39, 11.03.2015

Nesrin Emre Ayşegül Kubilay Ali Aydoğ

Abstract

A total of 87 wild sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, was collected from the Beymelek Lagoon, Antalya, Turkey between January 2009 and December 2009, and examined for the presence of helminth parasites. The effects of season, host size, sex and age on helminth infection parameters was investigated. Of 87 D. labrax, 62 (71.2%) were found to be infected by at least one parasite. In total, three helminth parasite species were identified: the monogenean Diplectanum aequens, the digenean Acanthostomum absconditum and the larval nematode Hysterothylacium sp.. D. aequens was the most common species in this study and a total of 2172 parasites were recorded on 62 fishes. Total prevalence and mean intensity of D. aequens were 71.2% and
35.03±31.7 parasite/fish, respectively. A total of 69 A. absconditum were found in 9 of 87 fish examined (10.3%; 7.6±7.1 parasite/fish). Hysterothylacium sp. larvae was observed in only one fish examined (1.1%). All three helminth species showed a definite seasonal cycle in prevalence of infection. The highest prevalence and significantly higher abundance of infection were observed in the winter for D. aequens, and in the autumn for A. absconditum and Hysterothylacium sp. larvae. Differences were observed in infection levels at different age groups. Prevalence and mean intensity of D. aequens were the lowest in age group of 3 whereas the highest in age groups of 1 and 5. A. absconditum was found in all age groups of fish, except for age group 3. Hysterothylacium sp. larvae were observed only at 5th age group. Present study also showed that the sex of the host also influenced the parasite burden. The prevalence of infection was higher in male fishes. Forty two males were found to be infected by one or more parasites species. The overall prevalence of infection was 84% and 54.1% for males and females, respectively. The larger sized fish were also more heavily infected than small fish. A. absconditum is reported for the first time from European sea bass in Turkey and this species is also a new record for the helminth fauna of Turkey.

Keywords

-

References

• Akmırza A, 2010, Investigaton of the monogenaean trematods and Crustecean Parasites of the Cultered and wild marine fishes near Salih Island, Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 16,
• -360.
• Aydo€du A, Kostadinova A, Fernandez M, 2003, Variations in the distribution of parasites in the common carp, Cpyrinus carpio, from Lake Ðznik, Turkey: population dynamics related to season and host size, Helminthologia 40, 33-40.
• Bauer ON, 1957, Diseases of carp in fish ponds in Leningrad, Bull. of the All-Union Sci. Res. Inst. Freshwater Fisheries, 67-88.
• Bauer ON, 1959, The ecology of parasites of freshwater fish. Parasites of freshwater fishes and the biological basis for their control Washington, D.C., National Science Foundation. 215.
• Bray RA, 2001, Monogenea, (In: Costello MJ et al. editors, European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to the identification) Collection Patrimoines Naturels 50, 142-146.
• Begenal T, 1978, Method for Assessment of Fish Production in Freshwater, Oxford, Blackwell Scientific Publication Ltd. 303.
• Bush AO, Lafferty KD, Lotz JM, Shostak AW, 1997, Parasitology meets ecology on its own terms: Margolis et al. revised, Journal of Parasitology
• , 575-583.
• Chubb JC, 1977, Seasonal occurrence of helminths in freshwater fishes. Part I. Monogenea, Advances in Parasitology 15, 133-199.
• Collard SB, 1970, Some aspect on host-parasite relationships in mesopelagic fishes, A Symposium on Diseases of Fishes and Shellfishes American Fisheries Society, 41-56.
• Dezfuli B, Luisa G, Edi S, Roberto M, Shinn A, Maurizio M, 2007, Gill histopathology of cultured European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax (L.), infected with Diplectanum aequens (Wagener 1857) Diesing 1958 (Diplectanidae: Monogenae), Parasitology Research 100, 707-713.
• Dogiel VA, 1958, Ecology of parasites of freshwater fish. (in: Dogiel,VA, Petrushevski GK, Polanski, Yu. I, editors, Parasitology of Fishes. Translated by Kabata Z, 1961) Edinburg, Oliver and Boyd,
• -47
• Dogiel VA, 1962 , General Parasitology (Translated by Kabata Z, 1964), London, Oliver and Boyd. 516.
• Fernando CH, Furtado JI, Gussev AV, Hanek G, Kakonge SA, 1972, Methods for the study of freshwater fish parasites. Ontario, Canada, Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 76.
• Fioravanti ML, Caffara M, Floroi D, Gustinelli A, Marcer F, 2007, A parasitological survey of European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata) cultured in Italy, Veterinary Research Communications 30, 249-252.
• Fischthal JH, Kuntz RE, 1963, Trematode parasites of fishes from Egyp. Part V. annotated record of some previously described forms, Journal of Parasitology 65, 579-590.
• Georgiev BB, Biserkov VY, Genov T, 1986, In toto staining method for Cestodes with iron acetocarmine, Helminthologica 23, 279-281.
• Gonalez-Lanza C, Alvarez-Pellitero P, Sıtja-Bobadilla A, 1991, Diplectanidae (Monogenea) infestations of sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (L.), from the Spanish Mediterranean area, Parasitology Research 77, 307-314.
• Gusev AV, 1968, Ammonium picrate as a fixative and mounting medium for slides of fish parasites, Zoologicheski Zhurnal 47, 935-936.
• Hanzelova V, Zitnan R, 1985, Epizootiological importance of the concurrent monogenean invasion in the carp, Helminthologia 22, 277-283.
• Horton T, Okamura O, 2001, Cymohoid isopod parasites in aquaculture: a review and case study of a Turkish sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and sea bream (Sparus auratus) farm, Diseases of Aquaic Organisms 46, 181-188.
• Ibraheem MH, 2006, On the morphology of Acanthostomum spiniceps (Looss, 1896) and
• A. absconditum (Looss, 1901) (Digenea: Cryptogonimidae: Acanthostominae) with particular reference to the juvenile stage, Acta Zoologia (Stockholm) 87, 59-169.
• Karanis P, Taraschewski H, 1993, Host-Parasite Interface of Caryophyllaeus laticeps (Eucestoda, Caryophyllidae) in 3 species of Fish, Journal of Fish Diseases 16, 371-379.
• Kennedy CR, 1968, Population biology of the Cestode Caryophyllaeus laticeps (Pallas, 1781) in dace, Leuciscus leuciscus L., in the river Avon, Journal of Parasitology 54, 538-543.
• Kennedy CR, 1969, Seasonal incidence and development of the Cestode Caryophyllaeus laticeps (Pallas, 1781) in the river Avon, Parasitology 59, 783-794.
• Kennedy CR, Walker PJ, 1969, Evidence for an immune response by dace Leuciscus leuciscus, to infections by the Cestode Caryophyllaeus laticeps, Journal of Parasitology 55, 579-582.
• Khalil LF, 1963, On Acanthostomum gymnarchi (Dollfus, 1950) with notes on the genera Acanthostomum Looss, 1899, Atrophocaecum bhalerao, 1940, Gymnatotrema morsov, 1955 and Haplocaecum simha, 1958, Journal of Helminthology 37, 207-214.
• Khalil LF, 1969, Studies on the helminth parasites of freshwater fishes of Sudan, Journal of Zoology London 158, 143-170.
• Khalil LF, 1971, Checklist of the helminth parasites of African freshwater fishes. St. Albans, Technical Commentary Common wealth Institute of Helminthology 42, 80.
• Kır I, 1998, Investigation of Parasites of carp (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758) and barbus (Barbus capito pectoralis L., 1758) living in Karacaören Dam Lake, PhD Thesis, Süleyman Demirel University, Graduate School of NAS, Isparta, Turkey, 78.
• Kırkım F, 1998, Investigations on Systematic and Ecology of The Aegean Sea Isopoda Fauna, PhD Thesis, Ege University, Graduate School of NAS, Ðzmir, Turkey, 238.
• Lagler KF, 1966, Freshwater Fishery Biology, Iowa, W.M.C. Brown Company, 421.
• Lassiere OL, 1988, Host-parasite relationships between larval Sialis lutaria (Megaloptera) and Neoechinorhynchus rutili (Acanthocephala), Parasitology 97, 331-338.
• Lom J, 1970, Protozoa Causing Diseases in Marine Fishes. A Symposium on diseases of fish and shellfishes, American Fisheries Society, 21-29.
• Mladineo I, 2005, Parasites of Adriatic Cage Reared Fish, Acta Adriatica 47, 23-28.
• Moravec F, 1976, On two acanthostomatid trematodes, Acanthostomum spiniceps (Looss, 1896) and A. absconditum (Looss, 1901) from African bagrid fishes, Folia Parasitologica (Praha) 23, 201-206.
• Öktener A, Trilles JP, 2004, Report on the Cymothoids Crustacea, Isopoda collected from marine fishes in Turkey, Acta Adriatica 45, 145-154.
• Öktener A, Alas A, Solak K, 2009, Occurrence of Diplectanum aequens (Wagener, 1857) on the cultured sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758) from the Black Sea of Turkey, Bulletin of European Association of Fish Pathologists 29,
• -103.
• Özer A, 2002, Co-existence of Dactylogyrus anchoratus Dujardin, 1845 and D. extensus Muller & Van Cleave, 1932 (Monogenea), parasites of common carp (Cyprinus carpio), Helminthologia 39, 45-50.
• Özer A, Öztürk T, 2004, Prevalence and intensity of Gyrodactylus arcuatus Bychowsky, 1933 (Monogenea) infestations on the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L., 1758, Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 28, 807-812.
• Öztürk MO, 2002, Metazoan Parasites of the tench (Tinca tinca L.) from Lake Uluabat, Israel Journal of Zoology 48, 285-293.
• Öztürk MO, Altunel FN, 2006, Occurrence of Dactylogyrus infection linked to seasonal changes and host fish size on four Cyprinid fishes in Lake Manyas, Turkey, Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 52, 407-415.
• Pickering AD, Christie P, 1980, Sexual differences in the incidence and severity of ectoparasitic infestation of brown trout, Salmo trutta L., Journal of Fish Biology 16, 669-683.
• Pojmanska T, 1994, Infection of common carp, and three introduced herbivorous fish from Zabieniec fish farm, in relation to their sizes, Acta Parasitologica 86, 228-232.
• Radujkovi• BM, Euzet L, 1989, Faune des parasites de poissons marins des côtes du Monténégro (Adriatique Sud), Acta Adriatica 30, 51-135.
• Sönmez ÞN, 1996, Mogan Gölü balıklarında parazit faunasının incelenmesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, FBE, Ankara, Türkiye, 73.
• Sterud E, 2002, Parasites of wild sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax from Norway, Disease of Aquatic Organisms 48, 209-212.
• Tekin-Ozan S, Kır I, Barlas M, 2008, Helminth Parasites of Common carp (Cpyrinus carpio L., 1758) in Beyþehir Lake and populations dynamics related to month and host size, Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 8, 201-205.
• Thomas JD, 1958, Two new digenetic trematodes, Heterorchis protopteri n. sp. (Fellodistominae) and Acanthostomum bagri n. sp (Acanthostomidae: Acanthostominae) from West Africa, Proceeding of the Helminthological Society of Washington
• , 8-14.
• Tokþen E, 1999, Ege bölgesinde yetiþtiricili€i yapılan çipura (Sparus aura L.) ve levrek (Dicentrarchus labrax) balıklarının solungaçlarında görülen meatazoa parazitleri ve tedavileri, Doktora tezi, Ege Üniversitesi, FBE, Ðzmir, Türkiye, 157.
• Tokþen E, 2007, Ege Deniz’inde yetiþtiricili€i yapılan levreklerin (Dicentrarchus labrax) solungaç paraziti Diplectanum aequens (Monogenea: Diplectanidae)' in tedavisi üzerine denemeler, Ekoloji 62, 67-71.
• Turgut E, Özgül G, Buhan E, 2011, Seasonal changes of metazoan parasites in Capoeta tinca and Capoeta capoeta in Almus Dam Lake, Turkey, Bulletin of European Association of Fish Pathologists 31,
• -30.
• Wooten R, 1978, The occurrence of larval anasakid Nematodes in small gadoids, from Scottisg water, Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 58, 347-356.
• Yamaguti S, 1985a, Systema Helminthum. Vol. I. The digenetic trematodes of Vertebrates. New Delhi, International Book & Periodicals Supply Service. 979.
• Yamaguti S, 1985b, Systema Helminthum Vol. IV. Monogenea and Apisdocotylea. New Delhi, International Book & Periodicals Supply Service. 650.