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ANAESTHETIC EFFECTS OF SODIUM BICARBONATE AT DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS ON AFRICAN CATFISH (Clarias gariepinus) JUVENILES

Year 2016, , 151 - 158, 21.04.2016
https://doi.org/10.3153/JAEFR16017

Abstract

In
the present study, anaesthetic effects of different sizes (5, 10, 15, 20, 25,
30, 35 and 40g) of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) juveniles was
investigated at different concentrations (0/control, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35,
40, 45, 50 g/L) of sodium bicarbonate. Juveniles were bath immersed in each of
the different concentrations of sodium bicarbonate solution for 5 minutes and
recovery times in clean aerated water was established. Juveniles
took
between 0.67 to 5.44 minutes to reach full anaesthesia and 0.66 to 4.25 minutes
to recover fully from anaesthesia.
An inverse exponential relationship was observed between
sodium bicarbonate concentrations and induction time, whereas exponential
relationship was observed between sodium bicarbonate concentrations and
recovery time.
Size of C. gariepinus juveniles significantly affected the induction time (P < 0.05)
with smaller juveniles getting to full anaesthesia faster than bigger juveniles
at the same concentration of sodium bicarbonate. In addition, recovery time was
size dependent where smaller C. gariepinus juveniles took significantly longer time (P < 0.05) to recover
from anaesthesia than bigger juveniles. All juveniles reached anaesthesia and
recovered in less than 5 minutes except for 30 g juveniles at 15g/L of sodium
bicarbonate which was anaesthetized at 5.44 minutes.

References

  • Altun, T., Bilgin, R. & Danabas, D. (2009). Effects of Sodium Bicarbonate on Anaesthesia of Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio Juveniles. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 9, 29-31.
  • Barasa, J. E., Abila, R., Grobler, J.P., Dangasuk, O.G., Njahira, M.N. & Kaunda-Arara, B. (2014). Genetic diversity and gene flow in Clarias gariepinus from Lakes Victoria and Kanyaboli, Kenya. African Journal of Aquatic Science, 39, 287-293.
  • Booke, H.E., Hollender, B. & Lutterbie, G. (1978). Sodium bicarbonate, an inexpensive fish anesthetic for field use, Progressive Fish Culturist, 40, 11-13.
  • Brummett, R.E. (2008). Clarias catfish: Biology, ecology, distribution and biodiversity, pp. 64-72. In: R.W. Ponzoni and N.H. Nguyen (Eds.), 2008. Proceedings of a Workshop on the Development of a Genetic Improvement Program for African catfish, Clarias gariepinus. World Fish Center Conference Proceedings Number 1889. The World Fish Center, Penang, Malaysia. 130 pp.
  • Coyle, S.D., Durborow, R.M. & Tidwell, J.H. (2004). Anaesthetics in Aquaculture, SRAC Publication No. 3900.Texas.
  • de Graaf, G. & Janssen, H. (1996). Artificial reproduction and pond rearing of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus in Sub-Saharan Africa - A handbook. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. No. 362. FAO, Rome, Italy. 73pp.
  • Hajek, G.J., Klyszejko B. & Dziaman R. (2006). The anaesthetic effect of clove oil on Common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Acta Ichthyologica, 36, 93-97.
  • Hseu, J.R., Yeh, S.L., Chu, Y.T. & Ting, Y.Y. (1998). Comparison of efficacy of five anaesthetic in goldlined sea bream, Sparus sarba. Acta Zool Taiwan, 9, 11-18.
  • Iversen, M., Finstad, B., McKinley, R.S. & Eliassen R.A. (2003). The efficacy of metomidate, clove oil, Aqui-STMand Benzoak® as anaesthetics in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar smolts, and their potential stress-reducing capacity. Aquaculture, 221, 549-566.
  • Iwama, G.K., McGeer, J.C. & Pawluk, M.P. (1989). The effects of five fish anaesthetic on acid-base balance, hematocrit, cortisol and adrenaline in Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 67, 2065-2073.
  • King, W.V., Hooper, B., Hillsgrove, S., Benton, C. & Berlinsky, D. (2005). The use of clove oil, metomidate, tricaine methanesulphonate and PE for inducing anaesthesia and their effect on the cortisol stress response in black sea bass, Centropristis striata. Aquaculture Research, 36, 1442-1449.
  • Marking, L.L. & Meyer, F.P. (1985). Are better anesthetics needed in fisheries? Fisheries, 10, 2-5.
  • Massee, K.C., Rust, M.B., Hardy, R.W. & Stickney R.R. (1995). The effectiveness of tricaine, quinaldine sulfate and metomidate as anaesthetics for larval fish. Aquaculture, 134, 351-359.
  • McFarland, W.N. & Klontz G.W. (1969). Anesthesia in fishes. Federal Proceedings, 7, 1535-1540.
  • McFarland, W.W. (1959). A study of the effects of anaesthetics on the behaviour and physiology of fishes. Publications of the Institute of Marine Science, 6, 23-55.
  • Mylonas, C.C., Cardinaletti, G., Sigelaki, I. & Polzonetti-Magni, A. (2005). Comparative efficacy of clove oil and 2-phenoxyethanol as anaesthetics in the aquaculture of European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax and gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata at different temperatures. Aquaculture, 246, 467- 481.
  • Opiyo, M.A., Ogello, E.O. & Charo Karisa H. (2013). Effectiveness of Sodium Bicarbonate as an Anaesthetic for different sizes of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus Juveniles. International Journal of Aquatic Science, 4, 14-22.
  • Palic, D., Herolt, D.M., Andreason, C.B., Menzel, B.W. & Roth J.W. (2006). Anaesthetic efficacy of tricaine methanesulfonate, metomidate and eugenol: Effects on plasma cortisol concentration and neutrophil function in fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas. Aquaculture, 254, 675-685.
  • Pawar, H.B., Sanaye, S.V., Sreepada, R.A., Harish, V. & Suryavanshi, U., Tanu Ansari, Z.A. (2011). Comparative efficacy of four anaesthetic agents in the yellow seahorse, Hippocampus kuda. Aquaculture, 311, 155-161.
  • Ponzoni, R.W. & Nguyen, N.H. (2008). Proceedings of a Workshop on the Development of a Genetic Improvement Program for African catfish, Clarias gariepinus. WorldFish Center Conference Proceedings Number 1889. The WorldFish Center, Penang, Malaysia. 130 pp.
  • Ross, L.G. & Ross, B. (1999). Anaesthetic and Sedative Techniques for Aquatic Animals. Blackwell Science, Oxford, 159 pp.
  • Solomon, S.G., Cheikyula, J.O. & Anju, D.T. (2014). Behavioural Responses of Heterobranchus longifilis Juveniles Exposed to Freeze–dried Bark Extract of Tephrosia vogelii as an Anaesthetic. Journal of Stress Physiology & Biochemistry, 10, 82-92.
  • Stoskopf, M.K. (1993). Anesthesia. In: L. Brown, (Eds.), Aquaculture for Veterinarians: Farmed Fish Husbandry and Medicine, Pergamon Press, Oxford, England, pp. 161-168.
  • Tytler, P. & Hawkins, A.D. (1981). Vivisection, anaesthetics and minor surgery. In: A.D. Hawkins (Eds.), Aquarium systems, Academic Press, New York, USA, pp. 247-278.
  • Weyl, O., Kaiser, H. & Hecht T. (1996). The efficacy and mode of action of 2-phenoxyethanol as an anaesthetic for goldfish, Carassius auratus at different temperatures and concentrations. Aquaculture Research, 27: 757-764.
  • Yildiz, M., Kayim, M., Akin S. 2013. The Anesthetic Effects of Clove Oil and 2-Phenoxyethanol on Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss at Different Concentrations and Temperatures. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 12, 947-961.
  • Zaikov, A., Iliev, I. & Hubenova, T. (2008). Induction and recovery from anaesthesia in pike, Esox lucius exposed to clove oil. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 14, 165-170.
Year 2016, , 151 - 158, 21.04.2016
https://doi.org/10.3153/JAEFR16017

Abstract

References

  • Altun, T., Bilgin, R. & Danabas, D. (2009). Effects of Sodium Bicarbonate on Anaesthesia of Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio Juveniles. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 9, 29-31.
  • Barasa, J. E., Abila, R., Grobler, J.P., Dangasuk, O.G., Njahira, M.N. & Kaunda-Arara, B. (2014). Genetic diversity and gene flow in Clarias gariepinus from Lakes Victoria and Kanyaboli, Kenya. African Journal of Aquatic Science, 39, 287-293.
  • Booke, H.E., Hollender, B. & Lutterbie, G. (1978). Sodium bicarbonate, an inexpensive fish anesthetic for field use, Progressive Fish Culturist, 40, 11-13.
  • Brummett, R.E. (2008). Clarias catfish: Biology, ecology, distribution and biodiversity, pp. 64-72. In: R.W. Ponzoni and N.H. Nguyen (Eds.), 2008. Proceedings of a Workshop on the Development of a Genetic Improvement Program for African catfish, Clarias gariepinus. World Fish Center Conference Proceedings Number 1889. The World Fish Center, Penang, Malaysia. 130 pp.
  • Coyle, S.D., Durborow, R.M. & Tidwell, J.H. (2004). Anaesthetics in Aquaculture, SRAC Publication No. 3900.Texas.
  • de Graaf, G. & Janssen, H. (1996). Artificial reproduction and pond rearing of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus in Sub-Saharan Africa - A handbook. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. No. 362. FAO, Rome, Italy. 73pp.
  • Hajek, G.J., Klyszejko B. & Dziaman R. (2006). The anaesthetic effect of clove oil on Common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Acta Ichthyologica, 36, 93-97.
  • Hseu, J.R., Yeh, S.L., Chu, Y.T. & Ting, Y.Y. (1998). Comparison of efficacy of five anaesthetic in goldlined sea bream, Sparus sarba. Acta Zool Taiwan, 9, 11-18.
  • Iversen, M., Finstad, B., McKinley, R.S. & Eliassen R.A. (2003). The efficacy of metomidate, clove oil, Aqui-STMand Benzoak® as anaesthetics in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar smolts, and their potential stress-reducing capacity. Aquaculture, 221, 549-566.
  • Iwama, G.K., McGeer, J.C. & Pawluk, M.P. (1989). The effects of five fish anaesthetic on acid-base balance, hematocrit, cortisol and adrenaline in Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 67, 2065-2073.
  • King, W.V., Hooper, B., Hillsgrove, S., Benton, C. & Berlinsky, D. (2005). The use of clove oil, metomidate, tricaine methanesulphonate and PE for inducing anaesthesia and their effect on the cortisol stress response in black sea bass, Centropristis striata. Aquaculture Research, 36, 1442-1449.
  • Marking, L.L. & Meyer, F.P. (1985). Are better anesthetics needed in fisheries? Fisheries, 10, 2-5.
  • Massee, K.C., Rust, M.B., Hardy, R.W. & Stickney R.R. (1995). The effectiveness of tricaine, quinaldine sulfate and metomidate as anaesthetics for larval fish. Aquaculture, 134, 351-359.
  • McFarland, W.N. & Klontz G.W. (1969). Anesthesia in fishes. Federal Proceedings, 7, 1535-1540.
  • McFarland, W.W. (1959). A study of the effects of anaesthetics on the behaviour and physiology of fishes. Publications of the Institute of Marine Science, 6, 23-55.
  • Mylonas, C.C., Cardinaletti, G., Sigelaki, I. & Polzonetti-Magni, A. (2005). Comparative efficacy of clove oil and 2-phenoxyethanol as anaesthetics in the aquaculture of European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax and gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata at different temperatures. Aquaculture, 246, 467- 481.
  • Opiyo, M.A., Ogello, E.O. & Charo Karisa H. (2013). Effectiveness of Sodium Bicarbonate as an Anaesthetic for different sizes of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus Juveniles. International Journal of Aquatic Science, 4, 14-22.
  • Palic, D., Herolt, D.M., Andreason, C.B., Menzel, B.W. & Roth J.W. (2006). Anaesthetic efficacy of tricaine methanesulfonate, metomidate and eugenol: Effects on plasma cortisol concentration and neutrophil function in fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas. Aquaculture, 254, 675-685.
  • Pawar, H.B., Sanaye, S.V., Sreepada, R.A., Harish, V. & Suryavanshi, U., Tanu Ansari, Z.A. (2011). Comparative efficacy of four anaesthetic agents in the yellow seahorse, Hippocampus kuda. Aquaculture, 311, 155-161.
  • Ponzoni, R.W. & Nguyen, N.H. (2008). Proceedings of a Workshop on the Development of a Genetic Improvement Program for African catfish, Clarias gariepinus. WorldFish Center Conference Proceedings Number 1889. The WorldFish Center, Penang, Malaysia. 130 pp.
  • Ross, L.G. & Ross, B. (1999). Anaesthetic and Sedative Techniques for Aquatic Animals. Blackwell Science, Oxford, 159 pp.
  • Solomon, S.G., Cheikyula, J.O. & Anju, D.T. (2014). Behavioural Responses of Heterobranchus longifilis Juveniles Exposed to Freeze–dried Bark Extract of Tephrosia vogelii as an Anaesthetic. Journal of Stress Physiology & Biochemistry, 10, 82-92.
  • Stoskopf, M.K. (1993). Anesthesia. In: L. Brown, (Eds.), Aquaculture for Veterinarians: Farmed Fish Husbandry and Medicine, Pergamon Press, Oxford, England, pp. 161-168.
  • Tytler, P. & Hawkins, A.D. (1981). Vivisection, anaesthetics and minor surgery. In: A.D. Hawkins (Eds.), Aquarium systems, Academic Press, New York, USA, pp. 247-278.
  • Weyl, O., Kaiser, H. & Hecht T. (1996). The efficacy and mode of action of 2-phenoxyethanol as an anaesthetic for goldfish, Carassius auratus at different temperatures and concentrations. Aquaculture Research, 27: 757-764.
  • Yildiz, M., Kayim, M., Akin S. 2013. The Anesthetic Effects of Clove Oil and 2-Phenoxyethanol on Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss at Different Concentrations and Temperatures. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 12, 947-961.
  • Zaikov, A., Iliev, I. & Hubenova, T. (2008). Induction and recovery from anaesthesia in pike, Esox lucius exposed to clove oil. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 14, 165-170.
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Subjects Hydrobiology
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Cecilia Muthoni Githukia This is me

Elijah Migiro Kembenya This is me

Mary A. Opiyo This is me

Publication Date April 21, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016

Cite

APA Githukia, C. M., Kembenya, E. M., & Opiyo, M. A. (2016). ANAESTHETIC EFFECTS OF SODIUM BICARBONATE AT DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS ON AFRICAN CATFISH (Clarias gariepinus) JUVENILES. Journal of Aquaculture Engineering and Fisheries Research, 2(3), 151-158. https://doi.org/10.3153/JAEFR16017
AMA Githukia CM, Kembenya EM, Opiyo MA. ANAESTHETIC EFFECTS OF SODIUM BICARBONATE AT DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS ON AFRICAN CATFISH (Clarias gariepinus) JUVENILES. J Aquacult Eng Fish Res. July 2016;2(3):151-158. doi:10.3153/JAEFR16017
Chicago Githukia, Cecilia Muthoni, Elijah Migiro Kembenya, and Mary A. Opiyo. “ANAESTHETIC EFFECTS OF SODIUM BICARBONATE AT DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS ON AFRICAN CATFISH (Clarias Gariepinus) JUVENILES”. Journal of Aquaculture Engineering and Fisheries Research 2, no. 3 (July 2016): 151-58. https://doi.org/10.3153/JAEFR16017.
EndNote Githukia CM, Kembenya EM, Opiyo MA (July 1, 2016) ANAESTHETIC EFFECTS OF SODIUM BICARBONATE AT DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS ON AFRICAN CATFISH (Clarias gariepinus) JUVENILES. Journal of Aquaculture Engineering and Fisheries Research 2 3 151–158.
IEEE C. M. Githukia, E. M. Kembenya, and M. A. Opiyo, “ANAESTHETIC EFFECTS OF SODIUM BICARBONATE AT DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS ON AFRICAN CATFISH (Clarias gariepinus) JUVENILES”, J Aquacult Eng Fish Res, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 151–158, 2016, doi: 10.3153/JAEFR16017.
ISNAD Githukia, Cecilia Muthoni et al. “ANAESTHETIC EFFECTS OF SODIUM BICARBONATE AT DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS ON AFRICAN CATFISH (Clarias Gariepinus) JUVENILES”. Journal of Aquaculture Engineering and Fisheries Research 2/3 (July 2016), 151-158. https://doi.org/10.3153/JAEFR16017.
JAMA Githukia CM, Kembenya EM, Opiyo MA. ANAESTHETIC EFFECTS OF SODIUM BICARBONATE AT DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS ON AFRICAN CATFISH (Clarias gariepinus) JUVENILES. J Aquacult Eng Fish Res. 2016;2:151–158.
MLA Githukia, Cecilia Muthoni et al. “ANAESTHETIC EFFECTS OF SODIUM BICARBONATE AT DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS ON AFRICAN CATFISH (Clarias Gariepinus) JUVENILES”. Journal of Aquaculture Engineering and Fisheries Research, vol. 2, no. 3, 2016, pp. 151-8, doi:10.3153/JAEFR16017.
Vancouver Githukia CM, Kembenya EM, Opiyo MA. ANAESTHETIC EFFECTS OF SODIUM BICARBONATE AT DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS ON AFRICAN CATFISH (Clarias gariepinus) JUVENILES. J Aquacult Eng Fish Res. 2016;2(3):151-8.