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DEPTH-DEPENDENCY OF THE AGAROPHYTE RED ALGA Gracilaria corticata J. AGARDH FOR AGAR YIELD AND QUALITY DURING ITS GROWING SEASON

Year 2016, , 76 - 84, 13.01.2016
https://doi.org/10.3153/JAEFR16010

Abstract

The
impacts of two depth ranges on the rhodophyte Gracilaria corticata
for agar yield and quality were determined during its growing season (December
to March) at intertidal waters. Average 4-month agar at 2-3 m and 5-6 m were 34
±0.04%
and 42
±0.05%, respectively. The lowest
(30 ±2.89%) and highest (51 ±4.16%) agar yields, respectively, were estimated
in December at 2-3 m and in January at 5-6 m. At 2-3 m, the 4-month averages
were not significantly different (P>0.05). G. corticata from a depth of 2-3
m yielded the strongest (30.64 ±1.49 g cm
2) agar gel in
December, and the alga sampled at 5-6 m in January revealed the lowest agar
strength (7.94 ±0.38 g cm
2).
Agar lightness (L)
ranged
from lowest (
59.6 ±3.85) at 2-3
m in December to greatest (86.8 ±3.11) at 5-6
m in February. Agar yellowish factor (a) was highest (11.6 ±3.21) at 2-3 m in December and lowest (4.8 ±1.64) at 5-6 m in February. Agar reddish factor (b) was highest
(48 ±2.24) in March and lowest (38.8 ±1.30) in December at a depth of 2-3 m. G. corticata growing at relatively deeper intertidal zone yields more
quality agar
, and December and late winter are the best times to obtain a more
rigid and enhanced agar gel.

References

  • Ajdari, D., (2004). Estimation of biomass of Sistan and Balouchestan coastal algae. Chabahar Offshore Fisheries Research Center, pp 50.
  • Araño, K.G., Trono Jr, G.C., Montaño, N.E., Hurtado, A.Q., & Villanueva, R.D., (2000). Growth, agar yield and quality of selected agarophyte species from the philippines. Botanica Marina, 43, 517-524.
  • Bird, K.T., (1988). Agar production and quality from Gracilaria sp. Strain G-16: effects of environmental factors. Botanica Marina, 31, 33-39.
  • Chapman, V.J., (1970). Seaweed and their uses. Methuen, London.
  • Chennubhotla, V.S.K., Kalimuthu, S., Najmuddin, M., Panigrahy, R., & Selvaraj, M., (1979). Seasonal variation in growth, yield of agar-agar and its physical properties in some agarophytes of Tamil Nadu coast. Proceedings of the international symposium on marine algae of the Indian Ocean region. CSMCRI Bhavnagar Indian. pp 41.
  • Chiles, T.C., Bird, K.T., & Koehn, F.E., (1989). Influence of nitrogen availability on agar polysaccharides from Gracilari verrucosa, strain G-16: structural analysis by NMR spectroscopy. Journal of Applied Phycology, 1, 59-65.
  • Chirapart, A., & Ohno, M., (1993). Seasonal variation in the physical properties of agar and biomass of Gracilaria sp. (chorda type) from Tosa Bay, southern Japan. Hydrobiologia, 260, 541-547.
  • Christian, D., Stadler, T., Ondarza, M., & Verdus, M.C., (1987). Structure and functions of the polysaccharides from the cell wall of Gracilaria verrucosa (Rhodophyceae, Gigartinales). Hydrobiologia, 41, 139-146.
  • Craigie, J.S., & Wen, Z.C. (1984). Effects of temperature and tissue age on gel strength and composition of agar from Gracilaria tikvahiae (Rhodophyceae). Canadian Journal of Botany, 62, 1665-1670.
  • Devlin, R.M., & Witham, F.W., (1983). Plant Physiol. 4th ed. PWS Publ. Massachusetts. pp 626.
  • Duckworth, M., Yaphe, W., (1971). The structure of agar. Part1. Fractionation of a complex mixture of polysaccharides. Carbohydrate Research, 16, 359-366.
  • Eidighaleghazi, F., (2014). Agar Production by Macroalga Gracilariaopsis persica in the Coastal Waters of the Persian Gulf. Journal of Applied Environmental and Biological Sciences, 4(8), 45-52.
  • Eswaran, K., Mairh, O.P., & Subbarao, P.V., (2002). Inhibition of pigments and phycocolloid in a marine red algae Gracilaria edulis by Ultraviolet-B radiation. Biologia Plantarum, 45, 157-159.
  • Friedlander, M., Lipkin, Y., & Yaphe, W., (1981). Composition of agars from Gracilaria cf. verrucosa and Pterocladia capillacea. Botanica Marina, 24, 595-598.
  • Friele-Pelegrin, Y., & Robledo, D. (1997). Effects of season on the agar content and chemical characteristics of Gracilaria cornea from Yucatan, Mexico. Botanica Marina, 40, 285-290.
  • Givernaud, T., Gourji, A.E., Givernaud, A.M., Lemoine, Y., & Chiadmi, N., (1999). Seasonal variations of growth and agar composition of Gracilaria multipartite harvested along the Atlantic coast of Morocco. Hydrobiologia, 398/399, 167-172.
  • Hassas, M.R., (1996). Study of extraction algenic acid from three Sargassum species in Chabahar region. Shahid Beheshti University pp. 147.
  • Hoyle, M.D., (1978). Agar studies in two Gracilaria species (G. bursa-pastoris (Gmelin) Silva and G. coronopifolia J. Ag.) from Hawaii. II. Seasonal aspects. Botanica Marina, 21, 347-352.
  • Hurtado-Ponce, A.Q., (1994). Agar production from Gracilariopsis heteroclada (Gracilarialer, Rhodophyta) grown at different salinity levels. Botanica Marina, 37, 97-100.
  • Kain, J.M., & Destombe, C., (1995). A review of the life history, reproduction and phenology of Gracilaria. Journal of Applied Phycology, 7, 269-281.
  • Kalesh, N.S., (2003). Phycochemical distinctiveness of selected marine macrophytes of Kerala coast. Cochin University of science and technology: pp. 374.
  • Kaliaperumal, N., Kalimuthu, S., & Ramalingam, J.R., (1992). Studies on the agar content in Gracilaria arcuata var. arcuata and G. corticata var. cylindrical. Seaweed Research Utiln, 15, 191-195.
  • Karkhane-Yousefi, M., Filyzadeh, Y., Rajabi-Eslami, H., Mashinchian A., & Aberomand P., (2011). Optimization of extraction agar from Gracilaria corticata in Persioan Gulf. Oceanography, 1(4), 29-36.
  • Lahaye, M., & Yaphe, W., (1988). Effects of seasons on the chemical structure and gel strength of Gracilaria pseudoverrucosa agar (Gracilariaceae, Rhodophyta). Carbohydrate Polymers, 8, 285-301.
  • Lewis, R.J., & Hanisak, M.D., (1996). Effects of phosphate and nitrate supply on productivity, agar content and physical properties of agar of Gracilaria strain G-16S. Journal of Applied Phycology, 8, 41-49.
  • Lignell, A., & Pedesen, M., (1989). Effects of pH and inorganic carbon concentrations on growth of Gracilaria secundata. Brazilian Journal of Phycology, 24: 83-89.
  • Lobban, C.S., & Harrison, P.J., (1997). Seaweed ecology and physiology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. pp 11-240.
  • Luhan, M.R.J., (1992). Agar yield and gel strength of Gracilaria heteroclada collected from Iloilo, Central Philippines. Botanica Marina, 35, 169-172.
  • Marinho-Soriano, E., Laugier, T., & De Casabianca, M.L., (1998). Reproductve strategy of two Gracilaria species, G. bursa-pastoris and G. gracilis, in a Mediterranean Lagoon (Thau, France). Botanica Marina, 41, 559-564.
  • Marinho-Soriano, E., (1999). Biomass and agar yield of Gracilaria bursa-pastoris in a Mediterranean lagoon. Seaweed Research and Utiln, 21(1&2), 1–8.
  • Marinho-Soriano, E., (2001). Agar polysaccharids from Gracilaria species (Rhodophyta, Gracilariaceae). Journal of Biotechnology, 89, 81-84.
  • Marinho-Soriano, E., & Bourret, E., (2003). Effects of season on the yield and quality of agar from Gracilaria species (Gracilariaceae, Rhodophyta). Bioresource Technology, 90, 329-333.
  • McHugh, D.J., (2003). A guide to the seaweed industry. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper, Rome.
  • McKinnon, A.A., (1973). Formation, melting and interaction of polysaccharide helices. Ph.D. thesis. University of Edinburgh.
  • Nelson, S.G., Yang, S.S., Wang, C.Y., & Chiang, Y.M., (1983). Yield and quality of agar from species of Gracilaria (Rhodophyta) collected from Taiwan and Micronesia. Botanica Marina, 26, 331-336.
  • Oza, R.M., (1978). Studies on Indian Gracilaria. V. Seasonal variation in agar and gel strength of Gracilaria cortiacata. J Ag. Occurring on the coast of Veraval. Botanica Marina, 21, 165-167.
  • Qaranjik, M.B., (2010). Atlas of the algae of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea coasts. Iranian Fisheries Research Institute. pp. 170.
  • Pondevida, H.B., & Hurtado-Ponce, A.Q., (1996). Assessment of some agarophytes from the coastal areas of Iloila, Philippines. II Seasonal variations in the agara quality of Gracilaria changuii, Gracilaria manilaensis and Gracilaria bailinae (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta). Botanica Marina, 39, 123-127.
  • Price, I.R., & Bielig, L.M., (1992). Agar yield from Gracilaria edulis (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) in the Townsville region, eastern tropical Australia. Botanica Marina, 35, 457-460.
  • Rabiei, R., Sohrabipoor, J., Assadi, M., Nejad, N., & Majd, A., (2004). Morphological and anatomical study of Gracilaria salicornia (C. Agardh) Dawson (Gracilariaceae- Rhodophyta) in the Persian Gulf seashores (Qeshm island). Pjouhesh va Sazandegi, 75, 47-53.
  • Rafiei, F., Fatemi, M.R., Filizadeh, Y., Vosooghi, G., & Esmaieli Sari, A., (2005). Environmental factors affecting agar extraction from Gracilaria corticata in the coastal areas of Persian Gulf, Bandar-e-Lengeh. Iran Scientific Fisheries Journal, 15(1), 81-88.
  • Rao, P.V.S., Rao, K.R., & Subbaramaiah, K., (1977). Screening of certain red seaweed for phycocolloids. Seaweed Research and Utiln, 2, 82-86.
  • Rao, M.U., (1978). Seaweed resources of Andhar Pradesh. Seaweed Research and Utiln, 3, 51-55.
  • Rees, D.A., (1972). Shapely polysaccharides. Biochemistry Journal, 126, 257-273.
  • Rodriguez-Montesinos, Y.E., Arvizu-Higuera, D.L., Hernandez-Carmona, G., Munoz-Ochoa, M., & Murillo-Alvarez, J.I., (2013). Seasonal variation of the agar quality and chemical composition of Gracilaria veleroae and Gracilaria vermiculophylla (Rhodophyceae, Gracilariaceae) from Baja California Sur, Mexico. Phycological Research, 61(2), 116-123.
  • Shoughi, H., (1995). Study and identity of Sistan and Balouchestan coastal algae. Chabahar Offshore Fisheries Research Center. pp 80.
  • Sohrabipoor, J., & Rabii, R., (1999). A list of marine algae of seashores of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea in the Hormozgan province. The Iranian Journal of Botany, 14, 70-74.
  • Sohrabipoor, J., & Rabiee, R., (2008). Red macroalgae at Iran southeast, Oman Sea. Journal of Iranian Botany, 14, 70-74.
  • Whyte, J.N.C., Englar, J.R., Saunders, R.G., & Lindsay, J.C., (1981). Seasonal variations in the biomass, quantity and quality of agar, from the reproductive and vegetative stages of Gracilaria (verrucosa type). Botanica Marina, 24, 493-501.
  • Xu, J., & Gao, K., (2008). Growth, pigments, UV-absorbing compounds and agar yield of the economic red seaweed Gracilaria lemaneiformis (Rhodophyta) grown at different depths in the coastal waters of the South China Sea. Journal of Applied Phycology, 20(5), 681-686.
  • Yam, K.L., & Papadakis, S.E., (2004). A simple digital imaging method for measuring and analyzing color of food surfaces. Journal of Food Engineering, 61, 137-142.
  • Yaphe, W., & Duckworth, M., (1972). The relationship between structures and biological properties of agars. Proc. 7th Int. Seaweed Symp. 7, 15-22.
Year 2016, , 76 - 84, 13.01.2016
https://doi.org/10.3153/JAEFR16010

Abstract

References

  • Ajdari, D., (2004). Estimation of biomass of Sistan and Balouchestan coastal algae. Chabahar Offshore Fisheries Research Center, pp 50.
  • Araño, K.G., Trono Jr, G.C., Montaño, N.E., Hurtado, A.Q., & Villanueva, R.D., (2000). Growth, agar yield and quality of selected agarophyte species from the philippines. Botanica Marina, 43, 517-524.
  • Bird, K.T., (1988). Agar production and quality from Gracilaria sp. Strain G-16: effects of environmental factors. Botanica Marina, 31, 33-39.
  • Chapman, V.J., (1970). Seaweed and their uses. Methuen, London.
  • Chennubhotla, V.S.K., Kalimuthu, S., Najmuddin, M., Panigrahy, R., & Selvaraj, M., (1979). Seasonal variation in growth, yield of agar-agar and its physical properties in some agarophytes of Tamil Nadu coast. Proceedings of the international symposium on marine algae of the Indian Ocean region. CSMCRI Bhavnagar Indian. pp 41.
  • Chiles, T.C., Bird, K.T., & Koehn, F.E., (1989). Influence of nitrogen availability on agar polysaccharides from Gracilari verrucosa, strain G-16: structural analysis by NMR spectroscopy. Journal of Applied Phycology, 1, 59-65.
  • Chirapart, A., & Ohno, M., (1993). Seasonal variation in the physical properties of agar and biomass of Gracilaria sp. (chorda type) from Tosa Bay, southern Japan. Hydrobiologia, 260, 541-547.
  • Christian, D., Stadler, T., Ondarza, M., & Verdus, M.C., (1987). Structure and functions of the polysaccharides from the cell wall of Gracilaria verrucosa (Rhodophyceae, Gigartinales). Hydrobiologia, 41, 139-146.
  • Craigie, J.S., & Wen, Z.C. (1984). Effects of temperature and tissue age on gel strength and composition of agar from Gracilaria tikvahiae (Rhodophyceae). Canadian Journal of Botany, 62, 1665-1670.
  • Devlin, R.M., & Witham, F.W., (1983). Plant Physiol. 4th ed. PWS Publ. Massachusetts. pp 626.
  • Duckworth, M., Yaphe, W., (1971). The structure of agar. Part1. Fractionation of a complex mixture of polysaccharides. Carbohydrate Research, 16, 359-366.
  • Eidighaleghazi, F., (2014). Agar Production by Macroalga Gracilariaopsis persica in the Coastal Waters of the Persian Gulf. Journal of Applied Environmental and Biological Sciences, 4(8), 45-52.
  • Eswaran, K., Mairh, O.P., & Subbarao, P.V., (2002). Inhibition of pigments and phycocolloid in a marine red algae Gracilaria edulis by Ultraviolet-B radiation. Biologia Plantarum, 45, 157-159.
  • Friedlander, M., Lipkin, Y., & Yaphe, W., (1981). Composition of agars from Gracilaria cf. verrucosa and Pterocladia capillacea. Botanica Marina, 24, 595-598.
  • Friele-Pelegrin, Y., & Robledo, D. (1997). Effects of season on the agar content and chemical characteristics of Gracilaria cornea from Yucatan, Mexico. Botanica Marina, 40, 285-290.
  • Givernaud, T., Gourji, A.E., Givernaud, A.M., Lemoine, Y., & Chiadmi, N., (1999). Seasonal variations of growth and agar composition of Gracilaria multipartite harvested along the Atlantic coast of Morocco. Hydrobiologia, 398/399, 167-172.
  • Hassas, M.R., (1996). Study of extraction algenic acid from three Sargassum species in Chabahar region. Shahid Beheshti University pp. 147.
  • Hoyle, M.D., (1978). Agar studies in two Gracilaria species (G. bursa-pastoris (Gmelin) Silva and G. coronopifolia J. Ag.) from Hawaii. II. Seasonal aspects. Botanica Marina, 21, 347-352.
  • Hurtado-Ponce, A.Q., (1994). Agar production from Gracilariopsis heteroclada (Gracilarialer, Rhodophyta) grown at different salinity levels. Botanica Marina, 37, 97-100.
  • Kain, J.M., & Destombe, C., (1995). A review of the life history, reproduction and phenology of Gracilaria. Journal of Applied Phycology, 7, 269-281.
  • Kalesh, N.S., (2003). Phycochemical distinctiveness of selected marine macrophytes of Kerala coast. Cochin University of science and technology: pp. 374.
  • Kaliaperumal, N., Kalimuthu, S., & Ramalingam, J.R., (1992). Studies on the agar content in Gracilaria arcuata var. arcuata and G. corticata var. cylindrical. Seaweed Research Utiln, 15, 191-195.
  • Karkhane-Yousefi, M., Filyzadeh, Y., Rajabi-Eslami, H., Mashinchian A., & Aberomand P., (2011). Optimization of extraction agar from Gracilaria corticata in Persioan Gulf. Oceanography, 1(4), 29-36.
  • Lahaye, M., & Yaphe, W., (1988). Effects of seasons on the chemical structure and gel strength of Gracilaria pseudoverrucosa agar (Gracilariaceae, Rhodophyta). Carbohydrate Polymers, 8, 285-301.
  • Lewis, R.J., & Hanisak, M.D., (1996). Effects of phosphate and nitrate supply on productivity, agar content and physical properties of agar of Gracilaria strain G-16S. Journal of Applied Phycology, 8, 41-49.
  • Lignell, A., & Pedesen, M., (1989). Effects of pH and inorganic carbon concentrations on growth of Gracilaria secundata. Brazilian Journal of Phycology, 24: 83-89.
  • Lobban, C.S., & Harrison, P.J., (1997). Seaweed ecology and physiology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. pp 11-240.
  • Luhan, M.R.J., (1992). Agar yield and gel strength of Gracilaria heteroclada collected from Iloilo, Central Philippines. Botanica Marina, 35, 169-172.
  • Marinho-Soriano, E., Laugier, T., & De Casabianca, M.L., (1998). Reproductve strategy of two Gracilaria species, G. bursa-pastoris and G. gracilis, in a Mediterranean Lagoon (Thau, France). Botanica Marina, 41, 559-564.
  • Marinho-Soriano, E., (1999). Biomass and agar yield of Gracilaria bursa-pastoris in a Mediterranean lagoon. Seaweed Research and Utiln, 21(1&2), 1–8.
  • Marinho-Soriano, E., (2001). Agar polysaccharids from Gracilaria species (Rhodophyta, Gracilariaceae). Journal of Biotechnology, 89, 81-84.
  • Marinho-Soriano, E., & Bourret, E., (2003). Effects of season on the yield and quality of agar from Gracilaria species (Gracilariaceae, Rhodophyta). Bioresource Technology, 90, 329-333.
  • McHugh, D.J., (2003). A guide to the seaweed industry. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper, Rome.
  • McKinnon, A.A., (1973). Formation, melting and interaction of polysaccharide helices. Ph.D. thesis. University of Edinburgh.
  • Nelson, S.G., Yang, S.S., Wang, C.Y., & Chiang, Y.M., (1983). Yield and quality of agar from species of Gracilaria (Rhodophyta) collected from Taiwan and Micronesia. Botanica Marina, 26, 331-336.
  • Oza, R.M., (1978). Studies on Indian Gracilaria. V. Seasonal variation in agar and gel strength of Gracilaria cortiacata. J Ag. Occurring on the coast of Veraval. Botanica Marina, 21, 165-167.
  • Qaranjik, M.B., (2010). Atlas of the algae of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea coasts. Iranian Fisheries Research Institute. pp. 170.
  • Pondevida, H.B., & Hurtado-Ponce, A.Q., (1996). Assessment of some agarophytes from the coastal areas of Iloila, Philippines. II Seasonal variations in the agara quality of Gracilaria changuii, Gracilaria manilaensis and Gracilaria bailinae (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta). Botanica Marina, 39, 123-127.
  • Price, I.R., & Bielig, L.M., (1992). Agar yield from Gracilaria edulis (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) in the Townsville region, eastern tropical Australia. Botanica Marina, 35, 457-460.
  • Rabiei, R., Sohrabipoor, J., Assadi, M., Nejad, N., & Majd, A., (2004). Morphological and anatomical study of Gracilaria salicornia (C. Agardh) Dawson (Gracilariaceae- Rhodophyta) in the Persian Gulf seashores (Qeshm island). Pjouhesh va Sazandegi, 75, 47-53.
  • Rafiei, F., Fatemi, M.R., Filizadeh, Y., Vosooghi, G., & Esmaieli Sari, A., (2005). Environmental factors affecting agar extraction from Gracilaria corticata in the coastal areas of Persian Gulf, Bandar-e-Lengeh. Iran Scientific Fisheries Journal, 15(1), 81-88.
  • Rao, P.V.S., Rao, K.R., & Subbaramaiah, K., (1977). Screening of certain red seaweed for phycocolloids. Seaweed Research and Utiln, 2, 82-86.
  • Rao, M.U., (1978). Seaweed resources of Andhar Pradesh. Seaweed Research and Utiln, 3, 51-55.
  • Rees, D.A., (1972). Shapely polysaccharides. Biochemistry Journal, 126, 257-273.
  • Rodriguez-Montesinos, Y.E., Arvizu-Higuera, D.L., Hernandez-Carmona, G., Munoz-Ochoa, M., & Murillo-Alvarez, J.I., (2013). Seasonal variation of the agar quality and chemical composition of Gracilaria veleroae and Gracilaria vermiculophylla (Rhodophyceae, Gracilariaceae) from Baja California Sur, Mexico. Phycological Research, 61(2), 116-123.
  • Shoughi, H., (1995). Study and identity of Sistan and Balouchestan coastal algae. Chabahar Offshore Fisheries Research Center. pp 80.
  • Sohrabipoor, J., & Rabii, R., (1999). A list of marine algae of seashores of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea in the Hormozgan province. The Iranian Journal of Botany, 14, 70-74.
  • Sohrabipoor, J., & Rabiee, R., (2008). Red macroalgae at Iran southeast, Oman Sea. Journal of Iranian Botany, 14, 70-74.
  • Whyte, J.N.C., Englar, J.R., Saunders, R.G., & Lindsay, J.C., (1981). Seasonal variations in the biomass, quantity and quality of agar, from the reproductive and vegetative stages of Gracilaria (verrucosa type). Botanica Marina, 24, 493-501.
  • Xu, J., & Gao, K., (2008). Growth, pigments, UV-absorbing compounds and agar yield of the economic red seaweed Gracilaria lemaneiformis (Rhodophyta) grown at different depths in the coastal waters of the South China Sea. Journal of Applied Phycology, 20(5), 681-686.
  • Yam, K.L., & Papadakis, S.E., (2004). A simple digital imaging method for measuring and analyzing color of food surfaces. Journal of Food Engineering, 61, 137-142.
  • Yaphe, W., & Duckworth, M., (1972). The relationship between structures and biological properties of agars. Proc. 7th Int. Seaweed Symp. 7, 15-22.
There are 52 citations in total.

Details

Subjects Hydrobiology
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Maryam Abidizadegan This is me

Mohammad Kazem Khalesi This is me

Danial Ajdari This is me

Publication Date January 13, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016

Cite

APA Abidizadegan, M., Khalesi, M. K., & Ajdari, D. (2016). DEPTH-DEPENDENCY OF THE AGAROPHYTE RED ALGA Gracilaria corticata J. AGARDH FOR AGAR YIELD AND QUALITY DURING ITS GROWING SEASON. Journal of Aquaculture Engineering and Fisheries Research, 2(2), 76-84. https://doi.org/10.3153/JAEFR16010
AMA Abidizadegan M, Khalesi MK, Ajdari D. DEPTH-DEPENDENCY OF THE AGAROPHYTE RED ALGA Gracilaria corticata J. AGARDH FOR AGAR YIELD AND QUALITY DURING ITS GROWING SEASON. J Aquacult Eng Fish Res. April 2016;2(2):76-84. doi:10.3153/JAEFR16010
Chicago Abidizadegan, Maryam, Mohammad Kazem Khalesi, and Danial Ajdari. “DEPTH-DEPENDENCY OF THE AGAROPHYTE RED ALGA Gracilaria Corticata J. AGARDH FOR AGAR YIELD AND QUALITY DURING ITS GROWING SEASON”. Journal of Aquaculture Engineering and Fisheries Research 2, no. 2 (April 2016): 76-84. https://doi.org/10.3153/JAEFR16010.
EndNote Abidizadegan M, Khalesi MK, Ajdari D (April 1, 2016) DEPTH-DEPENDENCY OF THE AGAROPHYTE RED ALGA Gracilaria corticata J. AGARDH FOR AGAR YIELD AND QUALITY DURING ITS GROWING SEASON. Journal of Aquaculture Engineering and Fisheries Research 2 2 76–84.
IEEE M. Abidizadegan, M. K. Khalesi, and D. Ajdari, “DEPTH-DEPENDENCY OF THE AGAROPHYTE RED ALGA Gracilaria corticata J. AGARDH FOR AGAR YIELD AND QUALITY DURING ITS GROWING SEASON”, J Aquacult Eng Fish Res, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 76–84, 2016, doi: 10.3153/JAEFR16010.
ISNAD Abidizadegan, Maryam et al. “DEPTH-DEPENDENCY OF THE AGAROPHYTE RED ALGA Gracilaria Corticata J. AGARDH FOR AGAR YIELD AND QUALITY DURING ITS GROWING SEASON”. Journal of Aquaculture Engineering and Fisheries Research 2/2 (April 2016), 76-84. https://doi.org/10.3153/JAEFR16010.
JAMA Abidizadegan M, Khalesi MK, Ajdari D. DEPTH-DEPENDENCY OF THE AGAROPHYTE RED ALGA Gracilaria corticata J. AGARDH FOR AGAR YIELD AND QUALITY DURING ITS GROWING SEASON. J Aquacult Eng Fish Res. 2016;2:76–84.
MLA Abidizadegan, Maryam et al. “DEPTH-DEPENDENCY OF THE AGAROPHYTE RED ALGA Gracilaria Corticata J. AGARDH FOR AGAR YIELD AND QUALITY DURING ITS GROWING SEASON”. Journal of Aquaculture Engineering and Fisheries Research, vol. 2, no. 2, 2016, pp. 76-84, doi:10.3153/JAEFR16010.
Vancouver Abidizadegan M, Khalesi MK, Ajdari D. DEPTH-DEPENDENCY OF THE AGAROPHYTE RED ALGA Gracilaria corticata J. AGARDH FOR AGAR YIELD AND QUALITY DURING ITS GROWING SEASON. J Aquacult Eng Fish Res. 2016;2(2):76-84.