GROWTH RESPONSE OF Cyprinus carpio FINGERLINGS FED DIETS CONTAINING HYDROTHERMALLY PROCESSED Citrullus lanatus SEED MEAL

Year 2016, , 1 - 10, 01.01.2016

Lateef Oloyede Tiamiyu Victoria Offuene Ayuba Victor Tosin Okomoda , Saidu Umar

https://doi.org/10.3153/JAEFR16001

Abstract

The
effect of incorporating hydrothermally processed watermelon whole seeds in the
diet of fish was inves­tigated on growth, feed utilization and body composi­tion
of carp (Cyprinus carpio)
fingerlings. Fish diets (35% crude protein) were formulated using water melon
hydrothermally processed for 0 (DT1), 10 (DT2), 20(DT3), 30 (DT4) and 40
minutes (DT5) boiling time. Twenty fingerlings (1.50±0.00g each) were randomly
allocated in triplicate to 70 liters plas­tic bowls, for each treatments,
aeration was provided to culture bowls throughout the 12weeks feeding trial.
Result of the study reveals that fish fed DT₄ (30 minutes) had the
best performance in terms of mean weight gain, feed conversion ratio, feed
conversion efficiency, protein efficiency ratio, apparent net pro­tein
utilization and specific growth rate (P>0.05). Hence, hydrothermal
processing of watermelon seeds for 30minutes is recommended for better growth
in C. carpio.

Keywords

Watermelon seed, Proximate composition, Common carp, Unconventional feeds

References

• Abbas, E.F. (2007): Effect of dietary oil sources and levels on growth, feed utilization and whole-body chemical composition of com¬mon carp, Cyprinus carpio L. Fingerlings. Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture Sci¬ence, 2(2): 140-148.
• Abowei J.F.N., Ekubo A.T. (2011): A Review of Conventional and Unconventional Feed in Fish Nutrition. British Journal of Pharma¬cology and Toxicology, 40: 179-191.
• Amadi, E.N., Barimala, I.S., Blankson, C.D., Achienewhu, S.C. (2003): Melon seeds (cit¬rullus vulgaris) as a possible substrate for production of temper. Journal of Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 53: 3-11.
• Amadi Ali, S. (2004): Evaluation of different sources of lipid and lipid levels in the diet of pearlspot Etroplus suratensis (Teleostei: Perciformes). India Journal of Marine Sci¬ence, 33: 281-286.
• Andras W., Bueno, P.B., Altan, O., Jeney, Z., Reantoso, M., Xinhua, Z., Anrooy, R.V. (2011): Better Management practices for Carp Production in Central and East Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia. FAO Fisher¬ies and Aquaculture Technical Paper, Anka¬ra. 566: 62-63.
• AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chem¬ists), (2000): Official methods of analysis AOAC international methods 934.01, 988.05, 920.39 and 942.05. Arlington, VA, USA: AOAC International.
• Ayinla, O.A. (2005): Final Technical Report on Study and Analysis of Feed and nutrients (including fertilizer) for sustainable agricul¬ture in Nigeria for food and Agriculture Or-ganization.
• Balfour, H.E. (1998): Nutrition of pond Fish and Aquaculture Research station, Dor Isreal. Combridge University press New York. New Rockhelle Melourne Sydney pp 162, 179 and 180.
• Bell, G.H., Erushe, D., Peterson, C.R. (1980): Textbook Physiology, 10th edition.
• Brown, M.E. (1957): Experimental studies on growth. The Physiology of Fishes, 1: 360-400.
• Buyukcapar, H.M., Kamalak, A. (2007): partial replacement of fish and soyabean meal pro¬tein in mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio) diets by protein in hazelnut meal. South African Journal of Animal Science, 37(1): 35-44.
• Chakrabarty, R.D. (1982): Polyculture Principles and Practices. Journal of Inland Fisheries, 1: 30-40.
• Chou, C.Y., Shiau, S.Y. (1996): Optimal dietary lipid level for growth juvenile hybrid Tilap¬ia, Oreochromis niloticus × Oreochromis aureus. Aquaculture, 143: 185-195.
• Collins, J.K., Wu, G., Perkins-Veazie, P., Spears, K., Claypool, P.L., Baker, R.A., Clevidence, B.A. (2007): Watermelon consumption in¬creases plasma arginine concentrations in adults. Nutrition, 23(3): 261-266.
• Cowey, C.B. (2007) Nutrient Requirements of Fish. Collin B. Cowey C. Young Cho Pro¬ceeding of the Nutrition Society 52:0303, 417 – 426 Cambridge University Press.
• Craig, S., Helfrich, l.A. (2002): Understanding fish nutrition, feeds and feeding. Department of Fisheries and Wild Life Science, Virginia Tech., 420 (256).
• Deible, K.E., Swanson, K.M.J. (2001): Cerelas and creal products, In: compendium of methods for the microbiological examina¬tion of foods. Downes, F.P.O and Ito, K. (eds) Academic Press. New York.
• Duke, J.A., Ayensu, E.S. (1985): Medicinal plants of China. Reference publication vol. 1 p. 131.
• Ejidike, B.N. (2004): Growth performance and Nutrient utilization of African Giant catfish hatchlings fed different protein diets pp 5-9.
• El-Adawy, T.A., Taha, K.M. (2001): Characteris¬tics and composition of different oil seeds and flours. Food Chemistry, 74: 47-54.
• EL-Marakby, M. (2006): Effect of dietary sources and levels of lipids on growth per¬formance and feed utilization of fry Nile ti¬lapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L) (Teleostei: perciformes). Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 1: 117-125.
• Eyo, A.A. (1999): The effect of different meth¬ods of soybean processing on the growth and food utilization of African mud fish clarias anguilarus fingerlings, Nigeria. Journal of Biotechnology, 10(1): 9-10.
• Fafioye, O.O., Fagade, S.O., Adebisi, A.A., Jenyo, O., Omoyinmi, G.A.K. (2005): Ef¬fects of dietary soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) on growth and body composition of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell) Fingerlings. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 5(1): 11-15.
• FAO (2012): The state of world fisheries and Aquaculture. http://www.fao.org/docrep/016/i2727e/i2727e.pdf
• FAO (2011): Better Management Practices for Carp Production in Central Asia and Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper 556.
• FAOSTAT (2009): (Food and Agriculture Organ¬ization of The United Nations), available online at
• Gatlin, D.M. (2010): Principles of fish nutrition. Southern regional aquaculture centre, New York. Publication no. 5003.
• Gopalan, C., Sastri, B.V.R., Balasubramanian, S.C., Rao, N.B.., Deosthale, Y.G., Pant, K.C. (1989): Nutritive value of Indian foods. Hyderabad, India: National Institute of Nu¬trition. Indian Council of Medical Research.
• Hossain, M.A., Naher, N., Kamal, M. (1997): Nutrient digestibility coefficients of some plant and animal proteins for rohu (Labeo¬rohita). Aquaculture, 151: 37-45.
• Huxley, A. (1992): The New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. Macmillan Press. Long Island New York p. 5-8.
• Izquierdo, M.S., Obach, A., Arantzamedi, L., Mentorol, D., Robaina, L., Rosenwind, G. (2003): Dietary Lipid Sources for Seabream and Seabass: Growth Performance, Tissue Composition and Flesh Quality. Agriculture Nutrition, 9: 397-407.
• Jeffery, C. (2005): Appendix: an outline classifi¬cation of the cucubitaceae. Biology and uti-lization of the cucurbitaceae. Ithaca, New York Cornel University p. 449-463.
• Kaankula, F.G. (1998): Effect of Cooking time on the level of anti-nutritional factors and nutritive value of full fat soyabean for pigs. Ph.D Thesis, Department of Animal Sci. Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
• Manjappa, K., Keshavanath, P., Gangadhara, B. (2011): Influence of Sardine oil supplement¬ed fish meal free diets on common carp (Cy¬prinus carpio) Growth, Carcass composition and digestive enzyme activity. Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, 6: 1-10.
• Nathaniel, S., Edirisinghe, U. (2001): Abundance and aspects of the reproductive biology of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in an up¬land reservoir in Srilanka. Asian Fisheries Science 14: 343-351.
• Osborne, T.B., Mendel, L.B., Ferry, E.L. (1919): A method for expressing numerically the growth promoting value of proteins. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 37: 223-224.
• Panek F.M. (1987): Biology and Ecology of carp page 1–16 in cooper, E,L. (editor) Carp in North America.
• Pei, Z., Xie, S., Lei, W., Zhu, X., Yang, Y. (2004): Comparative study on the effect of dietary lipid level on growth and feed utili¬zation for Gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) and Chanis longsnout catfish (Leio¬cassis longirostris Gunther). Aquaculture Nutrition, 10: 209-216.
• Reinitz, G., Hitzel, F. (1980): Formulation of practical diets for rainbow trout based on de¬sired performance and body composition. Aquaculture, 19: 243-252.
• Sargent, R.J., Tocher, D.R., Bell, J.G. (2002): The lipids. In: Fish Nutrition (Ed. J. E. Hal¬ver and R. W. Hardy) 3rd ed. pp. 181-257. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA.
• Steven, C. (2001): Understanding Fish Nutrition, Feeds and Feeding 420-456. Halver and R. W. Hardy) 3rd ed. pp. 181-257. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA.
• Tarek, A.E., Khaled, M.T. (2001): Characteristic and composition of watermelon, pumpkin and paprika seed oils and flurs. Journal Ag¬ricultural Food Chemistry, 49(3): 1253-1259.
• Taylor, J., Mahon, R. (1977): Hybridisation of Cyprinus carpio and Carassius auratus, the first two exotic species in the lower Lauren¬tian Great lakes. Environmental Biology Fishes Give, 1: 205-208.
• Tiamiyu, L.O., Solomon, G.S., Sham, A.R. (2007): Growth performance of clarias gariepinus fingerlings fed cooked Breadfruit (Artacapus altilis) seed meals as replace¬ment for maize in outdoor pond. Journal of Aquaculture Science, 5: 191-193.
• Ullah, M. (1982): Processing Effect on Protein Quality of Different Legumes Seeds. Paki¬stan Journal of Agricultural Resources, 3(4): 252-258.
• Vandermark, T. (2011): The Health Benefits of Watermelon Seeds. Retrieved Dec. 09, 2011 from http://www.livestrong.com/article/24243-healthbenefits-watermelon-seeds/