ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS IN DIFFERENT BODY PARTS OF Sarotherodon galillaeus FROM ILO-IDIMU RIVER, OTA OGUN STATE, NIGERIA

Year 2016, , 36 - 41, 01.01.2016

Joseph A. Olugbojo Adeolu A. Akinyemi

https://doi.org/10.3153/JAEFR16005

Abstract

Ilo-Idimu River is a tropical zone lying
between 60.47ºN of the equator and 20.33ºE, and 30.18ºE of the Greenwich
meridian. The aim of this research is to determine the concentration of heavy
metals in Sarotherodon galilaeus; a
predominant fish species in Ilo-Idimu River, and its public health
significance. Water samples were collected from the River at different
locations and depth. Samples were also taken with the use of dissecting
instruments from the scale, skin, flesh, gill, and gut of S. galilaeus. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer was used to
determine the concentration of heavy metals in the water samples and various
body parts of the fish. From the result obtained, the levels of heavy metals
concentrations ranged between 0.00-3.14, 0.00-2.18, 0.52-3.08, 0.00-0.68 and
0.00-1.48 mg/kg in the gill, flesh, gut, skin and scale respectively. The
highest level of heavy metals was recorded in the gill while the lowest was
recorded in the skin. The concentration of each of the heavy metals was
significantly different across body parts (P˂0.05) except lead.  Concentration of most of these heavy metals
exceeded the maximum permissible limit. Our results indicated that there is
inherent danger in consuming fishes from Ilo-Idimu river.

Keywords

Sarotherodon galilaeus, assessment, heavy metals, Ilo-Idimu River, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer

References

• AOAC, (1990). Association of official Analytical Chemist, 15th edition, Vol. 11 of official methods of analysis, Washington, D.C., USA; AOAC International.
• Babatunde, O.A., & Ogundajo, L.A., (2010). Determination of heavy metals in fish tissues, water and sediment from Epe and Badagry Lagoons, Lagos, Nigeria. E-Journal of Chemistry, 7(1), Pg 215-221.
• Bebianno, M.J., Geret, F., Hoarau, P., Serafim, M.A., Coelho, M.R., Gnassia-Barelli, M., & Romeo, M., (2004). Biomarkers in Ruditapes decussatus: a potential bioindicator species. Biomarkers, 9: 305-330.
• Christopher E., Vincent, O., Grace I., Rebecca, E & Joseph, E., (2009). Distribution of Heavy Metals in Bones, Gills, Livers and Muscles of (Tilapia) Oreochromis niloticus from Henshaw Town Beach Market in Calabar, Nigeria. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 8(8), 1209-1211.
• Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), (1986). Quality Criteria for Water. Washington, 440 (9): 76-123.
• Etuk, E.U.I., & Mbonu, C.O., (1999). Comparison of trace and toxic metal contaminants in Perionkle from Qua-Iboe River (Ibeno) and Cross River (Oron). Proceeding of the 23rd Annual Conference of the Nigeria Institute of Food Science and technology held at Abuja Oct. 25-27th.
• Harper, E.R., St. Ledge J.A., Westberg, J.A., Mazzaro, L., Schmitt, T., (2007). Tissue heavy metal concentrations of stranded California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) in Southern California. Journal of Environmental Pollution, 147, 677-682. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2006.09.013
• Robinson, J., & Avenant- Oldewage, A. (2006). Chromium, Copper, Iron and Manganese bioaccumulation in some organs and tissues of Oreochromis mossambicus from the lower Olifants River, inside the Kruger National Park water. Water SA, Published by South African Water Research Commission, 23(4), 387-403.
• Kemdrin, E.C., (1979). Trace metal contents of micro-benthos of two city reservoirs in Jos, Plateau in relation to their feeding functional groups, Northwest journal of Teacher Education, 14(1), 42-44.
• Mohammad, F.A., (2008). Bioaccumulation of selected metals and histopathological alterations in tissues of Oreochromis niloticus and Lates niloticus from lake Nasser, Egypt. Global Veterinaria, 4(2), 205-218.
• Ogbuagu, J.O., Nnodu, C.K., & Okoye, P.A.C., (2005). Ground water contamination in some residential area of Anambra State, Nigeria. Nigeria Journal of Applied Sciences, 8, 5062-5074.
• Okonkwo, E.M. & Eboatu, A.N., (1999). Environmental pollution and degradation. Published by Oniexcel Creation Ltd, Plot 3 No. 6, behind Seminary, Palladan, Zaria. Box 348, Samaru, Zaria. Pp 79-81
• Olowu, A.R., Yejuyo, O.O., Adewuyi, O.G., Adejoro, A.I., Denloye, B.A., Babatunde, O.A., & Ogundajo, L.A (2010). Determination of heavy metals in fish tissues, water and sediment from Epe and Badagry Lagoons, Lagos, Nigeria. E-Journal of Chemistry, 7(1), 215-221.
• Oluyemi, E.A., Fenyuit, G.J., Oyekunle, J.A.O., & Ogunfowokan, A.O., (2008). Seasonal variations in heavy metal concentrations in soil and some selected crops at a landfill in Nigeria, African journal of Science and Technology, 2(5), 89- 96.
• Opanuwa, O.D., Aremu, M.O., Ogbo, L.O., Mogaji, J.I, Odiba, I.E, & Ekpo, E.R. (2012). Assessment of Heavy metals in water, Fish and sediments from Uke streams, Nassarawa State, Nigeria. Current World Environment, 7(2), 213-220.
• Siddiqui, M.K.J., Jyoti, S. Singh, P.K. Mehrotra, Sing, K., & Sarangi, R., (2006), Comparison of some trace elements concentration in lood, tumor free breast and tumor tissues of women with benign and malignant breast lesions: An Indian study. Environmental International, 32, 630-637.
• Uysal, K., Yilmaz, E., & Koca, E., (2008), The determination of heavy metal accumulation ratios in muscles, skin and gills of some migratory fish species by inductively coupled plasma- optical emission spectrometry (ICP- OES) in Beymelek Lagoon (Antalya/ Turkey), Micro-Chemical Journal, 90, 67-70.
• WHO, (1986). GEMS/WATER Operational Guide. Third edition, World Health Organisation, Geneva.